• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2014

K/BxN serum can transfer arthritis to normal mice owing to the abundant autoantibodies it contains, which trigger innate inflammatory cascades in joints. Little is known about whether gut-residing microbes affect host susceptibility to autoantibody-mediated arthritis. To address this, we fed C57BL/6 mice with water containing a mixture of antibiotics (ampicillin, vancomycin, neomycin, and metronidazol) for 2 weeks and then injected them with K/BxN serum. Antibiotic treatment significantly reduced the amount of bacterial genomic DNA isolated from fecal samples, in particular a gene encoding 16S ribosomal RNA derived from segmented filamentous bacteria. Arthritic signs, as indicated by the arthritic index and ankle thickness, were significantly attenuated in antibiotic-treated mice compared with untreated controls. Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes from antibiotic-treated mice contained fewer IL-17-expressing cells than those from untreated mice. Antibiotic treatment reduced serum C3 deposition in vitro via the alternative complement pathway. IL-$17^{-/-}$ congenic C57BL/6 mice were less susceptible to K/BxN serum-transferred arthritis than their wild-type littermates, but were still responsive to treatment with antibiotics. These results suggest that gut-residing microbes, including segmented filamentous bacteria, induce IL-17 production in GALT and complement activation via the alternative complement pathway, which cause the host to be more susceptible to autoantibody-mediated arthritis.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1987

Protective effect of scoparone against the acetaminophen inducible hepatic toxicity in mice was investigated. Scoparone (5mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to mice daily for 5 days. Scoparone pretreatment before the administration of acetaminophen has blocked subsequent increases in liver to body weight ratio. When biological changes were measured, scoparone protects against acetaminophen inducible hepatotoxicity in mice as evidenced by the decreased formation of lipid peroxide, lowered serum transaminase activity and the decreased level of serum acetaminophen. In conjuction with the results of Huh (Arch. Pharm. Res. 10, 165(1987)), these results suggest that the most likely mechanism for the observed protective effects of scoparone against the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity is the induction of hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2009

Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin disease in children and a characteristic chronically recurrent form of dermatitis with a hereditary tendency, affecting infants and may extend to the childhood or th the adult age. Environmental factors, stress, and foodstuffs such as milk, egg may cause atopic dermatitis. Nc/Nga mice were used as an animal model for human atopic dermatitis. The divided by 4group such as normal group, BMAC group, FK506 group, MR group for this study raised in conventional conditions. To investigate effect of Chamomile German on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice, the serum IgE and IgG1 level were measured while the severity degree of the skin lesion was examined by the naked eyes of two volunteers who were unaware of the treatment status. The results were the followings. 1. The score on the severity degree of skin dermatitis in FK 506 and MR group was lower than that in control group. 2. The serum IgE level in control group was higher 25% than that in normal group. 3. The serum level of IgE in FK506 and MR group compares to control group was decreased. 4. The serum IgG1 level was decreased more than 3.5 times in FK506 compared to control group while MR group had significantly less the serum IgG1 than control group. From the above results, treatment of Chamomile German oil had the effect on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. If scientific researches on aroma oil are performed in various way, aroma oil will be used to cure skin dermatitis as a alternative therapy in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.347-351
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol extracted from rice bran on lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. We supplied 2 kinds of experimental diets (CO without and GO with 0.2％ ${\gamma}$-oryzanol) to diabetic mice for 8 weeks. Diet intake, body weight, organ weight, contents of serum and hepatic lipid profiles, and fecal lipid levels were measured. Though there was no significant difference in diet intake, body weight change and organ weight between experimental groups, the concentration of serum total cholesterol and hepatic total lipid, total cholesterol and HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in GO group treated with 0.2％ ${\gamma}$-oryzanol of diet than CO group after supplementary period of experimental diets. And total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and bile acid levels excreted to feces were significantly higher in GO group than CO group. These results suggest that ${\gamma}$-oryzanol decrease the serum and hepatic lipid levels by lowing HMG-CoA reductase activity or increasing the contents of fecal lipid in diabetic KK mice.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.120-123
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• 2002

In order to investigate the effects of chitosan on the normal and cyclophosphamide (CY)-suppressed primary humoral immune response in mice, chitosan was orally administered alone (single dose of 62.5, 250 mg/kg) or with CY (20 mg/kg, i.p.) to female ICR mice on the 2nd day before or after immunization with SRBC-antigen. When chitosan alone was administered before antigenic challenge, splenic IgM plaque forming cells (PFC) and splenic cellularity were slightly increased and serum IgM was not changed when compared with control group. However, chitosan significantly enhanced PFC, serum IgM and splenic cellularity when administered after antigenic challenge. The PFC numbers, serum IgM and splenic cellularity were significantly decreased by the treatment of CY, whereas those values were slightly increased by the concomitant treament of CY and chitosan when compared with CY alone-administration. These results indicate that chitosan is able to increase normal humoral immunity (HI) and to slightly inhibit the suppressive effects of CY on HI.

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2012

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of preceding the development of allergic disorders. The incidence of AD is increasing and it causes problems with administrative costs. Therefore, no side effects, easyto- use development of AD treatment is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PBMCAT, a functional extract from herbal complex was effective to treat the AD mice. AD was induced by patching ovoalbumin on the backside in BALB/ c mouse and then mice were topically treated with PBMCAT. Elidel $cream^{(R)}$ (pimecrolimus, PL) was used as a control. Scratching counts (SC) and clinical skin severity (CSS) were measured, and total serum IgE level was also measured. After inducing AD, SC and CSS were increased. The total serum IgE level was also increased in AD-induced mice. Treatment with PBMCAT significantly decreased SC, CSS, and serum IgE concentration in mice. Especially, treatment of PBMCAT 0.1% in BALB/c mice more effected than PL. These results suggest that the ointment of PBMCAT may enhance the process of AD healing by influencing phase of allergic reacting.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1126-1131
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 각기 다른 형태의 지방산이 ICR mice의 혈중 지질 농도에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 8주령 수컷 ICR mice를 일반 식이섭취군(C), 10%의 트랜스 불포화 지방산 섭취군(TFA-1), 30% 트랜스 불포화 지방산 섭취군(TFA-2), 50% 트랜스 불포화 지방산 섭취군(TFA-3), 50% 포화 지방산 섭취군(SFA), 불포화 지방산 섭취군(USFA) 으로 나누어 식이 하였다. 혈중 총 콜레스테롤의 수치는 TFA-3 군과 SFA 군의 지질함량이 다른 군에 비하여 높았으며, 중성지방지수 역시 높게 나타났다. 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방수치를 이용하여 나타낸 LDL 콜레스테롤의 경우에도 50%의 트랜스 지방산을 섭취한 군에서 포화 지방산을 섭취한 군과 유사한 결과가 나타났다. 이에 반해, 10%, 30%의 트랜스 지방산을 섭취한 군에서는 일반식이 섭취군과 비슷한 결과가 나타났다. 이는 많은 양의 트랜스 불포화지방산을 짧은 기간 동안 섭취하더라도 포화지방산을 섭취한 것과 유사한 효과를 나타낸다는 것을 의미한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2021

Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium are commonly used probiotics. This study aimed to identify the effect of live combined Bacillus subtilis R0179 and Enterococcus faecium R0026 (LCBE) on obesity-associated hyperlipidemia and gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice. Forty male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: normal group (N group), model group (M group), low-dose group (L group), and high-dose group (H group). Mice were gavaged with LCBE at 0.023 g/mice/day (L group) or 0.23 g/mice/day (H group) and fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. In vitro E. faecium R0026 showed an ability to lower the low-concentration of cholesterol by 46%, and the ability to lower the high-concentration of cholesterol by 58%. LCBE significantly reduced the body weight gain, Lee index, brown fat index and body mass index of mice on a high-fat diet. Moreover, LCBE markedly improved serum lipids (including serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein) while also significantly reducing liver total cholesterol. Serum lipopolysaccharide and total bile acid in L and H groups decreased significantly compared with M group. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that the composition of gut microbiota in the treatment groups was improved. Akkermansia muciniphila was found in H group. The PCA result indicated a similar gut microbiota structure between LCBE treatment groups and normal group while the number of bands and Shannon diversity index increased significantly in the LCBE treatment groups. Finally, qPCR showed Bifidobacterium spp. increased significantly in H group compared with M group, LCBE alleviated liver steatosis and improved brown adipose tissue index.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.544-549
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity-associated insulin resistance is a strong risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of myricetin on adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers in mice with diet-induced insulin resistance. MATERIALS/METHODS: Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a basal diet, a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, or the HFHS diet containing 0.06% myricetin or 0.12% myricetin for 12 weeks after a 1-week adaptation, and body weight and food intake were monitored. After sacrifice, serum lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, adipocyte-derived hormones, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was determined. RESULTS: Myricetin given at 0.12% of the total diet significantly reduced body weight, weight gain, and epidydimal white adipose tissue weight, and improved hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia without a significant influence on food intake in mice fed the HFHS diet. Serum glucose and insulin levels, as well as HOMA-IR values, decreased significantly by 0.12% myricetin supplementation in mice fed the HFHS diet. Myricetin given at 0.12% of the total diet significantly reduced serum levels of leptin, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mice fed the HFHS diet. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that myricetin may have a protective effect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice fed HFHS diet, and that alleviation of insulin resistance could partly occur by improving obesity and reducing serum proinflammatory cytokine levels.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.483-487
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• 2001

Morus alba extract(MAE) was tested for its ability to inhibit alloxan induced lipidperoxidation. Lipid peroxide contents in serum, liver, kidney and heart were measured by the TBA method. ICR mice receiving alloxan at a dose of 6mg/kg intraperitoneally after a 24hrs starvation showed significantly increased lipid peroxide contents as compared to untreated control. Lipid peroxide contents in serum, liver, kidney of alloxan-diabetic mice were decreased by the treatment of MAE at the dose of 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg for 7 days.