• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.194-203
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop a functional senior mixed soymilk for seniors and to provide functional senior-mixed soymilk to prevent disease outbreaks. The isoflavone content of senior soymilk was 0.15±0.01 mg/g. The β-glucan content of senior soymilk was 9.82±0.01 mg/g. The weight gain of mice were significantly higher in the high-fat diet group than in the other groups. The serum triglyceride content was high at 102.67±40.61 mg/dL in the high-fat diet group, but significantly lower at 83.00±42.43 mg/dL in the 20% senior soymilk group. Thus, the results of this study comprehensively suggest that food intake should be ingested for each life cycle with reference to the dietary reference intakes for Koreans. In particular, the elderly in their 50s and older are deficient in protein and weakened immune capacity, so it is imperative that they maintain their health through various foods such as soymilk, which is evenly nutritious.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3909-3919
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• 2013

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of A ferruginea extract on Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) induced tumours in BALB/c mice. Experimental animals received A ferruginea extract (10 mg/kg.b.wt) intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days after DLA tumor challenge. Treatment with extract significantly increased the life span, total white blood cell (WBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) content and decreased the level of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (${\gamma}$-GT) and nitric oxide (NO) in DLA bearing ascites tumor models. In addition, administration of extract significantly decreased the tumour volume and body weight in a DLA bearing solid tumor model. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-1 beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as well as pro-angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were elevated in solid tumour controls, but significantly reduced by A ferruginea administration. On the other hand, the extract stimulated the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) in animals with DLA induced solid tumours. Increase in $CD4^+$ T-cell population suggested strong immunostimulant activity for this extract. GC/MS and LC/MS analysis showed quinone, quinoline, imidazolidine, pyrrolidine, cyclopentenone, thiazole, pyrazole, catechin and coumarin derivatives as major compounds present in the A ferruginea methanolic extract. Thus, the outcome of the present study suggests that A ferruginea extract has immunomodulatory and tumor inhibitory activities and has the potential to be developed as a natural anticancer agent.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.352-356
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• 2006

CW-270031, an injectable carbapenem, is a novel synthesized pyrrolidinyl-thio carbapenems. It was evaluated for its in vitro antibacterial activities in comparison with those of imipenem and meropenem against standard strains and clinical isolated strains, CW-270031 was more active than imipenem against gram-negative (E. coli and Klebsiella oxytoca) clinical isolates, but it was slightly active than meropenem. Against Klebsiella aeruginosa CW-118 MIC were 0.048 $\mu$g/ml for CW-270031, 0.19 $\mu$g/ml for imipenem. Against clinical E. coli MIC range were 0.012$\sim$0.195 $\mu$g/ml for CW-270031, 0.097$\sim$0.39 $\mu$g/ml for imipenem. Against clinical Klebsiella oxytoca MIC$_{50}$ were 0.09 $\mu$g/ml for CW-270031, 0.39 $\mu$g/ml for imipenem. Against gram-positive standard strains and clinical CW-270031 was slightly more activity than meropenem, but CW-270033 was less active than imipenem against these tested isolates. The subcutaneous injection of CW-270031 in mice revealed that the half-life of CW-270031 in serum was about 13 min, long than that of meropenem (10.6 min). CW-270031. was stable to hydrolysis by dog renal dehydropeptidase I (DHP-l) enzyme, to an more stabilities shown by meropenem.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.90-100
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• 2001

Objectives : Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen (BCL) has been used for stamina fortification in Oriental Medicine for thousand years. The goal of the present study was to investigate the muscle antifatigue effect of BCL. Methods : The mice were divided into three groups. The control group was allowed to swim for 10 minutes without BCL infusion. For the preventive effect of BCL, another group referred to BCL-1 was fed with BCL an hour before the swimming exercise. BCL-2 group for the reversion effect was forced to swim for 10 minutes at first, then fed with BCL followed by half an hour rest and another 10 minute swimming exercise. All the serum samples collected by heart puncture were used for the measuring biochemical factors such as LDH, CPK, glucose, lactate, triglycerides and total cholesterol. Results : In the BCL-2 group, lactate and LDH were significantly reduced compared to the control. BCL infusion during the exercise was effective in metabolizing LDH, reducing the conversion ratio of pyruvate into lactate. In the BCL-1 group, it was not effective in antifatigue function. The level of glucose was significantly reduced in BCL-1 group compared to the control. When the BCL was infused before the exercise, it is assumed that glycogenolysis seen during the exercise was prevented. When the BCL was infused during the exercise, the triglycerides and total cholesterol were increased significantly compared to the control. BCL seems to cause the increase of lipolysis to utilize the fat as an energy source. Unlike other parameters, CPK did not show any changes from BCL infusion. Conclusions : Based on the above results, BCL is found to be involved in energy metabolism. Further studies are needed to find out the underlying mechanism of BCL for its effect on stamina fortification.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.498-502
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• 2015

Yukmijihwang-tang (YM) is a well-known prescription to treat kidney inflammation on Korea. However, the effects of YM on maximal exercise performance (MEP) is not-well investigated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of YM on MEP using forced swimming test (FST) model. Mice were largely divided into three group; a non-swimming group, saline treated-swimming load test group, and YM treated-swimming load group. Swimming load test groups were re-divided into swimming control group (Control), YM fed group (YM). YM was administrated orally for 2 weeks before FST. After FST, immobility time, oxygen consumption was measured by physiological test, and serum was collected for biochemical analysis. FST induced MEP identified by increased immobility, oxygen consumption, and biochemical factors. Immobility time was significantly reduced by YM treatment compared with control group. Oxygen consumption was also significantly reduced by YM treatment. The increase on lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase after FST was inhibited by YM　treatment. In addition, consumption of energy source (free fatty acid, and triglyceride) and recovery of energy was enhanced by YM treatment after FST. In conclusion, YM inhibited the elevation of immobility time, oxygen consumption, and biochemical factors after FST. YM could be used as a beneficial agents to enhance maximal endurance exercise performance and an effective ergogenic aid in exercise training.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

We investigated 23 lactic acid bacteria isolated from Korean breast milk-fed infant in order to select strains which show superior anti-allergic effect. The candidates were cultivated and then we obtained dried powders of tyndallized cells and supernatant concentrate separately. Screening was carried out with down-regulation of interleukin (IL) 4 and up-regulation of IFN-${\gamma}$ in mouse splenocytes. As a result of the screening, we selected Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (RH3201) for oral feeding to ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice. Oral administration of RH3201 as dead cell bodies and supernatant concentrate suppressed hyper-production of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels compared to vehicle group. Such anti-allergic effects were achieved by improvement of the balance between cytokines produced from type-1 helper T (Th1) and type-2 helper T (Th2) lymphocytes. Therefore, RH3201 has potential to improve atopic symptoms by immunomodulatory effect.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.495-499
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• 2007

Seven epoxy- and hydroxyandrostane derivatives ($DH-1{\sim}DH-7$) and nine epoxy- and hydroxycholestane derivatives ($CH-1{\sim}CH-9$) with unsaturation in ring A and ring B were synthesized from DHEA and cholesterol, respectively. The antinociceptive effects of all synthesized compounds were measured by hot plate method. Most of androstane derivatives except $1{\alpha},2{\alpha}$-epoxy-4,6-androstadiene-3,17-dione (DH-3), and CH-6, CH-7 and CH-9 exhibited antinociceptive effect. 1,4-Androstadiene-$3{\beta},17{\beta}$-diol (DH-5, 100 mg/kg, $35.8{\pm}7.39$), $6{\alpha},7{\alpha}$-epoxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione (DH-4, 100 mg/kg, $32.6{\pm}5.50$) and $5{\alpha},6{\alpha}$-epoxy-17-oxo-androstan-$3{\beta}$-ol (DH-1, 100 mg/kg, $32.5{\pm}2.98$) were more effective than morphine (10 mg/kg, $30.6{\pm}0.5$). The analgesic effects of androstane derivatives on acetic acid writhing in mice were lower than aspirin. The androstane derivatives were less effective than ibuprofen at inhibiting effects on the carrageenin induced paw oedema. 4,6-Cholestadien-$3{\beta}$-ol (CH-5), $1{\alpha},2{\alpha}$-epoxy-4,6-cholestadien-$3{\beta}$-ol (CH-7) and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy4-cholesten-3-one (CH-9) showed the decrease of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in poloxamer P-407 injected rat.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.411-416
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• 2022

Natural products are important sources for drug development because they have a wide variety of useful biological properties. Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) has been used as an herbal medicine for treatment of colds, pain, and anemia. The present study was designed to evaluate the regulatory effect of AGN on immune enhancement in vivo and in vitro. To investigate the immune-enhancing effect of AGN, we used forced swimming test (FST) experimental model. Mice were orally administered by AGN or distilled water for 14 days and then immobility time and biological parameters in serum were measured. The results showed that immobility time in AGN treatment group was significantly reduced in comparison with the control group. Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase in AGN group was significantly decreased compared with control group. Additionally, we showed that AGN treatment significantly increased immune-related cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-2, and interferon (IFN)-𝛾 levels in Molt-4 cells. Collectively, the findings provide experimental evidence that AGN may be effective in improving immune function.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 1992

Analysis of siR isolates of Trichemenes veginalis was carried out with sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB). Trichloroacetic acid-treated antigens of the 6 isolates revealed 25 protein profiles ranging 12~170 kDa of molecular weight in SDS-PAGE. In EITB, the specific immunogenic bands were visualized at 51 kDa and 96 kDa when HY-1 antigen was probed with difFerent mice sera immunized with 6 isolates of T. vaginalis. The banding patterns with different sera showed isolate-to-isolate variability. In EITB, homologous antigen (HY-1) did not show any enhanced response in reacting to homologous antiserum(HY-1) when 6 isolates of T. vaginalis were probed with a single serum (HY-1). It is assumed that the different banding patterns of six isolates show isolate-to-isolate variability and immunogenic common bands in 41, 47, 74 and 9:k kDa on EITB may connote the important significance on immune response in T. vaginalis infection.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.469-478
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• 2006

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, a major regulator for angiogenesis, binds and activates two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (KDR/Flk-1). These receptors regulate physiological as well as pathological angiogenesis. VEGFR2 has strong tyrosine kinase activity, and transduces the major signals for angiogenesis. However, unlike other representative tyrosine kinase receptors which use the Ras pathway, VEGFR2 mostly uses the Phospholipase-$C{\gamma}$-Protein kinase-C pathway to activate MAP-kinase and DNA synthesis. VEGFR2 is a direct signal transducer for pathological angiogenesis including cancer and diabetic retinopathy, thus, VEGFR2 itself and the signaling appear to be critical targets for the suppression of these diseases. VEGFR1 plays dual role, a negative role in angiogenesis in the embryo most likely by trapping VEGF-A, and a positive role in adulthood in a tyrosine kinase-dependent manner. VEGFR1 is expressed not only in endothelial cells but also in macrophage-lineage cells, and promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and inflammation. Furthermore, a soluble form of VEGFR1 was found to be present at abnormally high levels in the serum of preeclampsia patients, and induces proteinurea and renal dysfunction. Therefore, VEGFR1 is also an important target in the treatment of human diseases. Recently, the VEGFR2-specific ligand VEGF-E (Orf-VEGF) was extensively characterized. Interestingly, the activation of VEGFR2 via VEGF-E in vivo results in a strong angiogenic response in mice with minor side effects such as inflammation compared with VEGF-A, suggesting VEGF-E to be a novel material for pro-angiogenic therapy.