• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3 s.71
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• pp.273-288
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• 2007

Objectives : We examined the effect of Jengjengamiyjin-tang, a traditional herbal formula, on the experimental pancreatitis induced by Dibutyltin Dichloride(DBTC). Methods : 15 mice were divided into 3 groups; the normal group and the control group which were administered water only after pancreatitis elicitation and the test group which were administered Jengjengamiyjin-tang for 7 days after pancreatitis elicitation. Results : In the activities of amylase, lipase and alkaline phosphatase in serum, the test group showed significant decrease compared with the control group after 21 days. In the common morphology and histochemical study, various injuries by hemorrhagic erosion were observed in the control group, while they were significantly decreased in the test group. In the immunohistochemical study, the manifestation of COX-1, 2, HSP27, HSP70, MAC387, Ki-67 decreased significantly in the 14th day in the test group, however, they increased in the 21st day more than the control group(p<0.05). Conclusion : According to the above results, it is supposed that Jengjengamiyjin-tang has anti-inflammatory effect on the experimentally induced pancreatitis and may be applicable to pancreatitis especially in the acute stage.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.589-597
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• 1998

Effects of Mori Folium Ethanol Soluble Fraction (MFESF) on mRNA expression of glucose transporters, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and leptin were examined in db/db mice. 500 and 1000mg/kg dose for MFESF (designated by SY 500 and SY 1000, respectively) and 5mg/kg dose for acarbose were administered for 6 weeks. Quantitations of glucose transporters (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4), ACC and leptin mRNA were performed by RT-PCR and in vitro transcription with co-amplification of rat ${\beta}$-actin gene as an internal standard. Muscular GLUT-4 mRNA expression in MFESF-treated groups were increased dose dependently. On the other hand, MFESF caused the GLLT-4 and leptin mRNA expressions in adipose tissue to decrease dose dependently, which means that triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes might be decreased and consequently signals adipocytes to inhibit the synthesis and release of leptin. Hepatic ACC mRNA expression in MFESF-treated groups was also decreased. and this may result in lowering of serum triiglyceride level. In contrast, liver GLUT-2 mRNA expressions in MFESF-treated and acarbose groups were increased. Higher rate of glucose uptake into hepatocytes is known to inhibit a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)-catalyzed reaction, which is a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1990

The present study was undertaken to investigate effects of ionizing radiation on DNA synthesis and chromosomal abnormality in cultured submandibular gland(SG) cells. SG cells from C57BL/6N Crj mice were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DME) supplemented with $10\%$ fetal bovine serum, antibiotics and fungizone. The cultured SG cells were irradiated with graded doses of gamma ray ($^{60}Co$) at a dose rate of 58.4rad/min. The effect of irradiation of $^{60}Co$ on DNA synthesis in cultured cells was evaluated by measuring the incorporation of 3H-TdR. Using conventional chromosome techniques and Giemsa staining methods, chromosomal abnormalities in cultured SG cells, induced by irradiation of $^{60}Co$ werw examined. Cytological observations were carried out by a light microscope with high resolving power. The results obtained were as follows : 1. DNA synthesis of SG cells was quantitatively dependent on a radiation dose compare to control. 2. A polyploids and few chromosome-type break, such as single and double breaks, deltions and triradial figures were more predominantly in irradiated SG cells than in control. This increase of chromosomal abnormality was in the proposition to the irradiation doses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 1989

Preventive effect of azalea pollen extracts against aniline-induced hepatic toxicity in mice was investigated in this experiment. When the biochemical and histological changes were measured, preventive effect was more striking by treatment with water extract. After treatment with azalea pollen extracts, hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase activity increased as compared to control. Whereas, aniline level in serum and liver significantly decreased. The Vmax value without affecting Km value increased by the water extract treatment, the results obtained suggest that the characteristics of increase in the aniline hydroxylase activity may include induction of enzyme proteins. These data indicate that the observed preventive effects of azalea pollen extracts against hepatotoxicity is due to the induction of aniline metabolizing enzyme.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.610-616
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• 2021

Background: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) acts as a master switch for inflammatory responses. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) which is an active ingredient of Panax ginseng Meyer (Araliaceae) is known to possess various therapeutic effects. However, a modulatory effect of Rg3 on TSLP expression in the inflammatory responses remains poorly understood. Methods: We investigated antiinflammatory effects of Rg3 on an in vitro model using HMC-1 cells stimulated by PMA plus calcium ionophore (PMACI), as well as an in vivo model using PMA-induced mouse ear edema. TSLP and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or real-time PCR analysis. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression levels were detected using Western blot analysis. Results: Rg3 treatment restrained the production and mRNA expression levels of TSLP and VEGF in activated HMC-1 cells. Rg3 down-regulated the MDM2 expression level increased by PMACI stimulation. The HIF1α expression level was also reduced by Rg3 in activated HMC-1 cells. In addition, Rg3-administered mice showed the decreased redness and ear thickness in PMA-irritated ear edema. Rg3 inhibited the TSLP and VEGF levels in the serum and ear tissue homogenate. Moreover, the MDM2 and HIF1α expression levels in the ear tissue homogenate were suppressed by Rg3. Conclusion: Taken together, the current study identifies new mechanistic evidence about MDM2/HIF1α pathway in the antiinflammatory effect of Rg3, providing a new effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.526-536
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus After inducing obesity by feeding hight fat diet (diet induced obesity model: DIO) for four weeks, each 8 rats were assigned to normal (Nor), high fat diet (HF), high fat diet containing orlistat (PC), high fat diet containing different concentration of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus (UPDM_L, UPDM_H) and Discorea Japonica Thunb. (UPD) extract. Although the UPD, UPDM_L (ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 400 mg/kg) and UPDM_H (DIO oral administration ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 800 mg/kg) showed weight gain inhibition effects, the results of poor obesity inhibition rather than PC were confirmed. However, it showed a more effective weight loss effect in UPDM_H than UPD, and significantly reduced the weight of epididymal fat and subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, the possibility of anti-obesity effects of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be confirmed by observing the effects of reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL concentrations, reducing ALT and AST levels, and inhibiting fat build-up in liver tissue. It is believed that Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be expected to utilize as a functional material that is important to improve anti-obesity and metabolic syndrome.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.160-172
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nutritional status and food intake during pregnancy and lactation can affect fetal programming. In the current metabolic syndrome epidemic, high-fructose diets have been strongly implicated. This study investigated the effect of maternal high-fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation on the development of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Drinking water with or without 20% fructose was administered to female C57BL/6J mice over the course of their pregnancy and lactation periods. After weaning, pups ate regular chow. Accu-Chek Performa was used to measure glucose levels, and a tail-cuff method was used to examine systolic blood pressure. Animals were sacrificed at 7 months, their livers were excised, and sections were stained with Oil Red O and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Kidneys were collected for gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Adult offspring exposed to maternal high-fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation presented with heavier body weights, fattier livers, and broader areas under the curve in glucose tolerance test values than control offspring. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in the maternal high-fructose group were higher than that in controls. However, there were no significant differences in mRNA expressions of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes and sodium transporter genes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that maternal high-fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation induces metabolic syndrome with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in adult offspring.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.799-804
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• 2009

Kamikaekyuk-tang(KMKKT), a formula of ten Oriental herbs, was orientally designed to promote vital energy, to remove blood stasis, and to decrease inflammation for treating cancers. KMKKT and its component had potent antiandrogen and androgen receptor activities in prostate cancer and also inhibited angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and suppressed the tumor growth in LLC-bearing mice, and liver metastasis of colon 26-L5 cancer cells, suggesting a potent cancer preventive agent. Nevertheless, there is no safety study of KMKKT before clinical trial so far. Thus, in the current study, we investigated the toxicity about ethanol-extracted KMKKT. Male and female Spraque Dawley (SD) rats were given orally by KMKKT at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs and measured change of body weight, food consumption and water consumption were observed. In addition, we performed ophthalmologic, urinary, hematological, blood serum biochemical and histopathological examination. Any general toxicity was not found in KMKKT treated group. Also, there were no significant differences in the parameters such as body weight, food consumption and water consumption, a lot of urine and blood factor levels except WBC, MCHC and Ca level compared with control group. Although WBC and MCHC were elevated in female rats and Ca level was decreased in male rats, these were within normal ranges. Finally, we determined that maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 1000 mg/kg and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 500 mg/kg. Taken together, these results demonstrated that KMKKT is very safe to SD rats.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.76-96
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of Jogantanggagambang(JGTG). Methods: In the study of anti-oxidant activities, JGTG was investigated by DPPH radical scavenger activity, superoxide dismutase activity and superoxide anion radical scavenger activity. In the study of anti-inflammatory effects, JGTG was investigated using cultured cells and murine models. As for the parameters of inflammation, levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators which are known to be related to inflammation were measured in mouse lung fibroblast cells(mLFCs) and RAW264.7 cells. Results: 1. JGTG showed a safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver. 2. JGTG effected scavenging activity on DPPH free radical, superoxide dismutase and superoxide anion radical. 3. JGTG in RAW 264.7 cell decreased IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA expression, IL-6 mRNA expression, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression at 50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and also decreased NOS-II mRNA expression at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and decreased COX-2 mRNA expression at 10, 50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 4. JGTG in RAW 264.7 cell decreased significantly IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ at 50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 5. JGTG inhibited significantly IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice. 6. JGTG decreased significantly IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA production in spleen tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that JGTG can be used for treating diverse female diseases caused by inflammation

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2004

Rotavirus virus-like particle (VLP) composed of VP2, VP6, and VP7 was expressed in the Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS). Sf9 cell, a host of the baculovirus, was cultured from a 0.5-1 spinner flask to the 50-1 bioreactor system. Sf9 cell was maintained at cell density between 3.0E＋05 and 3.0E＋06 cells/ml and grew up to 1.12E＋07 cells/ml in the bioreactor. Growth kinetics was compared under different culture systems and showed similar growth kinetics with 20.1-25.2 h of doubling time. Early exponentially growing cell culture was infected with three recombinant baculoviruses expressing VP2, VP6, and VP7 protein at 1.0, 2.0, and 0.2 moi, respectively. The expression of rotavirus proteins was confirmed by Western blot analysis and its three-layered virus-like structure was observed under an electron microscope. Rotavirus VLP was semipurified and immunized in ICR mice intramuscularly. Rotavirus-specific serum antibody was detected from 2 weeks after the immunization and lasted at least 21 weeks of the post-immunization, indicating its possible use as a vaccine candidate.