• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 1999

To evaluate the protective effects of extracts of silkworm on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase activities, malondialdehydes values and glutathione-S-transferase activity were measured in ICR mice. Extracts of silkworm was administered orally at 30min after the administration of CCl4 Mice were sacrificed at 24h after the administration of extracts of silkworm. The activities of serum aminotransferase and the hepatic content of lipid peroxide after carbon tetrachloride treatment were markedly increased than normal control but those levels were decreased by the treatment of butanol soluble fraction of silkworm methanol extract. Glutathione S-transferase activity was decreased by carbontetrachloride than control, but also inhibited by the treatment of butanol soluble fraction of silkworm methanol extract.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.973-976
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of Scutellariae Radix(SR) extract on cytokines in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and handicapped by OVA for 12 weeks. During this experiment, the one group was then treated with SR extract for the later 8 weeks (3 times per week) and analyzed by ELISA. There were significant decreases in IL-4(p<0.05), IL-5(p<0.05), IL-13(p<0.01), histamine(p<0.05) in serum of SR group. IgE also decreased, but was not significant compared with that of control group. The results of this study support a role for SR as an effective treatment for asthma in its experimental success in significantly decreasing inflammation and asthma reactions.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.229-232
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• 1995

In order to study if Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) has protective effects on hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in mouse, one of the species which are sensitive to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, effects of GR on liver weight to body weight ratio, serum alanine and aspartate transaminase (ALT and AST) activities, hepatic UDP-GT2 activity, and histopathologic changes were determined in acetaminophen-treated mice. Liver weight to body weight ratio and UDP-GT2 activity in mouse liver were not altered by GR. However, GR pretreatment lowered serum ALT and AST activities by 77% and 90% respectively, and diminished the degree of centrilobular necrosis caused by acetaminophen in liver as determined by histopathologic observation. These results suggest a possible protective effect of GR against the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.5 no.3_4
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• pp.37-45
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• 1990

Experiments were performed on mice to investigate the influences of cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine on the immune response. Immune response were evaluated by antibody, Arthus reaction (Arthus), delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), rosette forming cell (RFC), phagocyte activity and whit( blood cell (WBC) in mice, sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The weight of liver, spleen and thymus were measured. Following results obtained in this experiment. 1) The administration of cimetidine as compared to normal group significantly decreased Arthus, Hemagglutinin titer (HA), RFC, DTH, WBC and phagocyte activity, but increased the activity of serum albumin. 2) The administration of ranitidine as compared to normal group decreased RFC and HA. 3) The administration of Famotidine as compared to normal group decreased DTH and RFC, and significantly decreased HA, Arthus and serum protein. 4) The administration of ranitidine and famotidine decreased more humoral immune response than cellular immune response, but the administration of cimetidine significantly decreased humoral and cellular immune response, WBC and phagocyte activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.447-454
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• 2018

Background: Korean ginseng has been widely evaluated to treat human diseases; however, most studies on Korean ginseng have focused on its root. In this study, polysaccharides [acidic-polysaccharide-linked glycopeptide (APGP) extracted with 90% ethanol and hot water] were prepared from Korean ginseng berries, and their effect on immunosenescence was explored. Methods: The effect of APGP on thymic involution was evaluated by measuring the size of thymi dissected from aged mice. The effect of APGP on populations of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, age-correlated CD11c-positive B cells, and several subtypes of T cells [CD4-positive, CD8-positive, and regulatory (Treg) T cells] in the thymi and spleens of aged mice was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Profiles of APGP components were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Results: APGP suppressed thymic involution by increasing the weight and areas of thymi in aged mice. APGP increased the population of NK cells, but showed no effect on the population of dendritic cells in the thymi and spleens of aged mice. APGP decreased the population of age-correlated CD11c-positive B cells in the spleens of aged mice. APGP showed no effect on the populations of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells in the thymi of aged mice, whereas it increased the population of Treg cells in the spleens of aged mice. APGP further decreased the reduced serum levels of IL-2 in aged mice, but serum levels of IL-6 were not statistically changed by APGP in aged mice. Finally, HPLC analysis showed that APGP had one major peak at 15 min (a main type of polysaccharide) and a long tail up to 35 min (a mixture of a variety of types of polysaccharides). Conclusion: These results suggested that APGP exerted an anti-immunosenescent effect by suppressing thymic involution and modulating several types of immune cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 1992

Mice were fed semi-purified diets containing 0, 2, 10 and 25 ppm(mg/kg) deoxynivalenol over 8 weeks and were assessed for effects on bodyweight gain, serum immunolglobulin levels and surface immunoglobulin bearing lymphocyte ratio. 1. The rate of body-weight gain was significantly reduced (p＜0.05) at the 10 and 25 ppm of DON, whereas the mice ingesting the diet containing 2 ppm DON was not. 2. IgA in serum immunolglobulin was significantly increased (P＜0.05) at the 10 and 25 ppm of DON, but IgG, IgM were decreased, whereas exposure to 2 ppm DON was not change. 3. Concentration of IgA from Peyer's patch of mice fed DON exhibited increased at 10, 25 ppm. 4. Lymphocytes surface marker studies revealed that IgA, IgG and IgM were 2.2%, 0.4% and 1.5％ respectively. These results suggest that dietary exposure to DON alters regulation of IgA production

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.327-336
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• 2008

Many herbal extracts have been reported to have a preventive or therapeutic effect of on diabetes mellitus. Momordica Charantia commonly known as bitter melon or karela has been reported to be a medicinal plant for treating various diseases including cancers and diabetes. The objectives of this study were to investigate anti-diabetic effects of bitter melon (BM) as determined by blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), insulin and HbA1C activities in serum, serum biochemical and lipid levels, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and AMPK-${\alpha}2$ expression of skeletal muscle in male C57BL/6J db/db mice. There were four experimental groups including vehicle control, BM 10 mg/kg, BM 50 mg/kg, and BM 250 mg/kg. BM at doses of 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg was orally administered to the diabetic mice everyday for 8 weeks. The treatments of BM 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg significantly decreased the blood glucose level in the diabetic mice compared with vehicle control (p < 0.05). The treatments of BM 10 and 50 mg/kg significantly decreased the GTT, ITT and HbA1c levels in the diabetic mice compared with vehicle control (p < 0.05). All BM groups significantly decreased GOT, GPT, BUN, LDL and glucose levels in the diabetic mice compared with the vehicle control mice (p < 0.05). The livers of mice treated with the BM 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg showed a remarkable decrease in the number of lipid droplets compared with the vehicle control. The pancreas of mice treated with the BM 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg showed a remarkable increase in insulin concentration of ${\beta}$-cells compared with the vehicle control. In addition, the treatments of BM 10, 50, and 250 mg/kg actually increased the expression of AMPK-${\alpha}2$ compared with vehicle control. These results suggest that BM has a respectable anti-diabetic effect resulting from inhibition of blood glucose level and lipid level in serum and that consumption of BM may give a benefit for controlling diabetes mellitus in humans.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2008

The ore minerals, mainly composed of sericite, talc, and halloysite, were investigated for their inhibitory effect on the allergic inflammation in mice by measuring the serum IgE level, inflammatory cytokine production, and histamine and ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase releases. When the mice were ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged prior to the ore mineral treatment, the IgE level in the serum decreased significantly. The ore minerals significantly reduced the productions of IL-4 and the tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid challenged with OVA. The inflammatory infiltrates, found in the lung of the OVA-challenged mouse, were also notably decreased following the ore mineral treatment. The ore minerals significantly reduced the release of histamine and ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase from the RBL-2H3 cells. These results suggest that the ore minerals may be useful as potent inhibitors of the allergic inflammation in mice.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-67
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• 2011

Objectives : Dahuanghuanglianxiexin-tang(DHXT) has been prescribed for patients with anxiety disorder and has been believed to treat Haw-Byung. The present study was carried out to investigate whether Da-Huang, Huang-Lian and DHXT have beneficial effects on ability to recover from the stressful conditions. Methods : The mice were divided into normal group, control group, positive control group and experimental groups. The experimental groups were divided into Da-Huang, Hwan-gryun and DHXT group. In the positive control group, imiprimine at $500{\mu}g$/g/day of dose were applied to mice and in the experimental groups, Da-Huang, Huang-Lian and DHXT at $50{\mu}$/g/day of dose were applied to mice. After 1 hour, the mice in the rest of groups except normal group were exposed to immobilization stress. Their body weights, phagocytosis, nitric oxide in macrophage, iNOS in hippocampus, serum levels of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic-hormone(ACTH) were observed. Results : Da-Huang, Huang-Lian and DHXT didn't increase the body weights of immobilization stressed mice but they improved phagocytosis in immobilization stressed mice. Also they worked on reducing the amount of nitric oxide in macrophages in immobilization stressed mice. Although Da-Huang, Huang-Lian and DHXT didn't affect the serum level of ACTH in immobilization stressed mice, they reduced the serum level of corticosterone in immobilization stressd mice. Conclusions : The present study suggests that Da-Huang, Huang-Lian and DHXT have beneficial effects on ability to recover from the stressful conditions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 1999

Male mice (ddY strain) were fed a laboratory chow diet containing 10% sucrose supplemented with orotic acid, hesperetin or naringenin at the 1% level for 14 days. the concentrations of liver triacylglycerol and cholesterol were significantly lower in the OA group than in the control group. When both flavonoids and orotic acid were administered simultaneously, the orotic acid-dependent decrease in liver triacylglycerol and cholesterol were attenuated slightly. The concentration of serum cholesterol in the orotic acid group or the control group was lower than in the orotic acid groups supplemented with hesperetin or naringenin. There were no significantly difference in body weight gain, diary food intake, and the serum concentrations of triacylglycerol and high-density-lipoprotein cholestrol. It was concluded that the inducement of fatty liver in mice failed to feeding a laboratory chow diet containing 10% sucrose supplemented with 1% orotic acid for 14 days.