• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.379-387
• /
• 1998

Magnesium(Mg) plays an important role in lipid metabolism and Mg deficiency but Ca sufficiency Increases serum cholesterol and triglyceride. The relationships of serum Mg, Ca, Ca/Mg ratio with lipids was examined in 79 female college students in Choong-Nam area. Subjects were divided into underweight, normal and overweight groups according to their BMI. The average age, body weight, height and BMI were 21.9yr, 55.9kg, 158.5cm and 22.62kg/$m^2$ respectively. Height was not different between groups. Serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the underweight group than other groups. BMI had positive correlations with LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index (AI) and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio(LPH), and negative correlations with HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. Serum minerals (serum Mg, Ca, Ca/Mg ratio) and serum lipid concentrations were not significantly different between groups. However, there was a tendency of increasing serum Mg level with increasing serum HDL-cholestrol, HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and decreasing serum LDL-cholesterol, LPH, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio(TPH) and AI. And there was a tendency of increasing serum Ca level with increasing serum HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and decreasing serum triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, LPH, TPH and AI. And there was a tendency of increasing serum Ca /Mg ratio level with decreasing triglyceride, serum LDL-cholesterol and TPH. This study was limited within serum levels of minerals (serum Mg, Ca and Ca/Mg ratio), serum lipids concerned with CHD, therefore I hope there will be wider efforts to consider about the dietary levels of minerals for presentation of the connection between dietary Mg, Ca and serum lipids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.245-254
• /
• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P/S ratio of fatty acid and antioxidant (vitamin E, selenium) supplements on the serum lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats. Female 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. While the peroxidizability index (PI) levels of fatty acids in the experimental diets were fixed at 81.22, the levels of P/S ratio of fatty acids were formulated at 0.38, 1.00, 4.81 (LP, MP, HP). These diets were supplemented with vitamin E (1,000 mg/kg diet) and selenium (2.5 mg/kg diet) (LP-S, MP-S, HP-S). This study showed that the serum concentrations of total-cholesterol and HDL-C increased with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p <0.05). Antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C of serum (p<0.05). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver tended to decrease with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p<0.001), but antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver was not significantly different. In addition, antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered TBARS level in the liver (p<0.05), but had no effect on antioxidant enzyme activity except for glutathione reductase (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the properties of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.11
• /
• pp.1538-1544
• /
• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) juice supplementation on serum lipid levels and phospholipid (PL) fatty acid compositions in hypercholesterolemic men. Thirty-two men with hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dl) were recruited among the faculty and staff at Y University after annual health examinations. The subjects consumed 150 ml of kale juice per day for a 12-week intervention period. Dietary and anthropometric assessments were performed before and after supplementation, respectively, to ensure that the subjects maintained their usual diet and lifestyle throughout the intervention. Serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to LDL-cholesterol were significantly increased (p<0.001) after intervention. Serum LDL-cholesterol concentration and atherogenic index were significantly reduced (p<0.001). Levels of 12:0, 14:0, $18:1{\omega}9$, $18:3{\omega}6$, and sum of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in serum pholspholipid (PL) were significantly increased, while $22:4{\omega}6$ level was significantly reduced (p<0.05). It can be speculated that kale juice, containing large amounts of antioxidant nutrients, contributes to changes of serum-PL-fatty acid compositions and the improvements of serum lipid profiles. This study demonstrates the supplementation of regular meals with kale juice may favorably affect serum lipid profiles and serum-PL fatty acid compositions and, hence, could lower the risks of coronary artery disease in men with hypercholesterolemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to determine the effects of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) powder , JA extract and chicory extract on lipid metabolism in SD rats. The experimental groups were divided into 4 groups ; control, JA powder JA extract and chicory extract. The animals were fed ad libitum each of the experimental diets for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the wet weights of cecum were significantly increased in rats fed JA powder and chicory extract. Cecal contents were slightly increased in all experimental groups. Serum HDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and atherogenic index were significantly increased in the chicory extract group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were not different among the diet groups. Although the feeding of chicory extract significantly lowered total lipid of liver, there was no difference in levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol. The content of fecal lipiid and cholesterol were significantly higher in the Ja extract and chicory extract group than other groups. Fecal bile acid was significantly increased in the chicory extract group. These results indicate that chicory extract is an effective regimen for improvement of lipid metabolism in SD rats.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2004

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is used extensively in the plastic industry and has been known as an endocrine disruptor. Present study was undertaken to examine whether DBP can induce oxidative stress in mice. In this study, oxidative stress was measured in terms of the modification of lipid peroxidation and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity. The serum toxicity index, level of lipid peroxidation and triglyceride (TG), and activity of GGT were measured in male ICR mice after a single administration of DBP (5 g/kg, po). DBP did not alter serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, glucose and cholesterol level. However, the treatment with DBP was found to significantly increase the level of lipid peroxidation in liver and lung. The TG content and activity of GGT in the liver of DBP-exposed animals was also increased. These results indicate that DBP can induce mild oxidative stress in mice. The GGT activity is considered to be increased as one of the adaptive defense mechanisms to oxidative stress induced by DBP.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.729-738
• /
• 1998

Antioxidants such as vitamin C and E may play a preventive role in the development of cancer and coronary heart disease. The status of vitamins C and E may be affected by lifestyle habits such as smoking , drinking, and exercise. These habits can modify the dietary requirements of vitamin C and vitamin E. the purpose of this study was to determine whether Korean young healthy men and women consume vitamins C and E in sufficient quantities relative to their lifestyle habits. Among the participants in this study, 52% of the men and none of the women were smokers. ; 84% of all subjects drank alcohol more than once a week ; and the men exercised more often than the women. The concentrations of serum total , HDL-, and LDL- cholesterol were higher in the women than in the men, but the serum triglyceride concentrations were higher in the men than in the women. The men consumed less satuated fat than the women (p<0.05) . The daily intakes of vitamin C for the men and the women were 47.1mg and 65.6mg, respectively. On the other hand , the daily vitamin E intake was higher in the men (11.8mg) than women(6.9mg). The serum $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations of all subjects were in a normal range, and in no subjects were they below the minimum value of ranges. However, about 19% of male subjects and 10% of female subjects showed deficient status, although the mean serum vitamin C levels were normal . Lifestyle habits fo the sort mentioned above have little influence on the serum vitamin C and $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations. The serum $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration had a positive correlation with total fat and alcohol consumption. The serum vitamin C concentration was positively associated with regular exercise, but it was negatively correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked. Meanwhile, the serum lipid persoxide concentration , the indirect index of oxidative stress, was influenced by certain variable such as body mass index , the number of cigarettes smoked , alcohol consumption, energy expenditure, vitamin C intake, and serum ${\gamma}$-tocopherol concentration. Serum lipid peroxide concentration was positively associated with body mass index, the number of cigarette smoked , serum triglyceride , and HDL-cholesterol concentration. In conclusion , the vitamin E requirements of the subjects were met by the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) regardless of lifestyle habits. However, serum vitamin C concentrations showed individual variation and was below the normal ranges. Smoking and exercise influenced serum vitamin C concentration. Therefore, a reevaluation of the requirements of vitamin C relative to lifestyle habits is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.40-49
• /
• 2007

This study was done to investigate the health-related habits, dietary intakes and serum lipid levels in overweight and obese women by body mass index(BMI). Subjects were 137 pre-menopausal women aged 19 to 49 years. They were divided by 3 groups, overweight($23{\leqq}BMI<25$), obese($25{\leqq}BMI<30$) and morbidly obese($BMI{\geq}30$) according to their BMI. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) method. Dietary intakes were examined by 3-day record method and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional analysis program for professionals(CAN-pro 3.1). Serum lipid levels were measured using automatic biochemical analyzer(Selectra E). The average age, height weight and BMI of subjects were 31.7 years old, 159.3cm, 69.4kg, and $27.4kg/m^2$, respectively. Their average consumption of energy were 1712kca1 and 86.4% of estimated energy requirement(EER). Their mom ratio of carbohydrate:protein:fat was 55.2:14.6:30.2. Particularly, the fat consumption of subjects tended to be elevated with increasing BMI. There was no significant difference in nutrient intakes among 3 groups. But the mom intakes of Ca, Fe, vitamin C and Na of all the subjects were 70.1%, 81.2%, 75.7% of recommended intake(RI) and 258.9% of adequate intake(AI), respectively, The intakes of vegetables and seaweeds were significantly higher in morbidly obese group while the intake of fruits was higher in overweight group compared to the other groups. Serum lipid analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol among the groups. But the serum HDL-cholesterol level of the overweight group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio and AI index were significantly higher in the morbidly obese group compared to the other groups. In addition, The systolic blood pressure of morbidly obese group was significantly higher compared to the other groups. Overall data suggest that morbidly obese women have to more concern about reducing systolic blood pressure and nm lipid levels by decreasing their fat consumption and salt intakes as well as loosing body fat. In addition, all the subjects participated in this study have to be careful about their meals and health-related behaviors in order to prevent obesity-related chronic diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to confirm that regular physical exercise habit and calcium intake play a role reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseae, particularly to confrim that regular exercise is important in reducing serum lipid levels. Subjects were classified into regular exercise group(more than 3 times/wk, more than 30 min per exercise) and non-regular exercise group. A convenient frequency method was used to assess the nutritional intake of subjects. Anthropometric measurement such as bodyweight and hight, and blood pressure were measured. There was no significant difference between nonexercisers and exerciser in energy intake, calcium intake and blood lipid levels. The strength of frequency of exercise may not by adequate to modify lipid profiles in premenopausal woman with normal lipid level, Although we found no significant difference in blood lipid levels, this result does not imply there are no benefits of exercise subjects. There were no signigicant correlations between age or weight with blood lipids in regular exercise group, while there were significant positive correlations between age of weight with blood lipids in non-regular exercise group. The levels of serum cholesterol, and triglyceride, blood pressure and atherogenic index increased with age in nonexercise women, Especially, atherogenic index was lower in regular exercise group. The blood pressure in nonexercise group was significantly higher than that in regular exercise group There was a highly significant negative correlation between calcium intake and blood pressure in nonexercise women, There was a highly significant negative correlation between calcium intake and blood pressure in nonexercise women. The results suggest that increased habitual physical activity and calcium intake may have desirable effects on serum lipid levels and blood pressure in premenopausal women.(Korean J Nutrition 34(1):62-68, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.781-788
• /
• 1997

This present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 5 % chicory extract on serum glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ). The experimental subjects were divided into 4 groups. : No-fiber , cellulose, insulin, and chicorygroup. The animals were fed ad libitum each of the experimental diets for 4 weeks. The food intake and food efficiency ratio in chicory group was significantly higher than in no-fiber, cellulose, and inulin groups. The reduction of body weight was also significantly lower. The wet weights of cecum and cecal contents were significantly increased in rat fed chicory extract. Total glycated hemoglobin was significantly decreased by chicory extract feeding whereas serum total cholesterol . LDL-choelsterol, and HDL-choelsterol levels were significantly increased. But there were no differences between HDL-choesterol/total cholesterol ratios, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios, and atherogenic index. After 10 -hour fast, the levels of hepatic triglyceride and phospholipid were significantly higher in the chicory group than any in other groups. These results indicated that chicory extract is an effective therapeutic regimen for control of metabolic deragements in diabetics.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.184-188
• /
• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of red pepper seeds powder on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat high cholesterol diet. Rats were divided into five experimental groups: normal diet group, high fat high cholesterol diet group, high fat high cholesterol diet with 5% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SA group), high fat high cholesterol diet with 10% red pepper seeds powder supplemented group (SB group) and high fat high cholesterol diet with 15% red peeper seeds powder supplemented group (SC group). The serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol contents, and LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The serum HDL-cholesterol contents of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were increased compared to the HF group. However, there was no significant difference in the serum HDL-cholesterol among all experimental groups. The hepatic TG and cholesterol contents of the red pepper seed powder supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to the HF group. The fecal total cholesterol and triglyceride contents of the red pepper seeds powder supplemented groups were significantly increased compared to the HF group. These results suggest that supplementation of red pepper seed powder may have a pronounced impact on markers of lipid metabolism in serum and liver of rats fed high fat high cholesterol diets.