• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 2012

Zinc deficiency is known to be associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors in obese Korean women. Forty obese women (body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) aged 19-28 years were recruited for this study. Twenty women of the study group took 30 mg/day of supplemental zinc as zinc gluconate for 8 weeks and 20 women of control group took placebo. Usual dietary zinc intake was estimated from 3-day diet records. Insulin resistances were measured using Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indices, and insulin sensitivities Matsuda indices, which were calculated using oral glucose tolerance test data. Metabolic risk factors, such as waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and adipocyte hormones such as leptin, and adiponectin were also measured. At the beginning of study, dietary zinc averaged 7.31 mg/day and serum zinc averaged $12.98{\mu}mol/L$ in the study group. Zinc supplementation increased serum zinc by 15% and urinary zinc by 56% (P < 0.05). HOMA values tended to decrease and insulin sensitivity increased slightly in the study group, but not significantly so. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and adipocyte hormones did not change in either the study or control group. These results suggest that zinc status may not affect insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors in obese Korean women. Further research is required on a larger cohort with a longer follow-up to determine the effects of zinc status on insulin resistance and metabolic variables.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.617-627
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• 1992

This study was attempted to observe the possibility of body fat distribution and fasting serum insulin as potential predictive factors for obesity and energy intake. Subjects participated in this study were seventeen pairs of upper body type women and lower body type women whose age weight BMI daily energy expenditure per body weight were equally matched, Waist to hip girth ratio(WHR) was measured as a criteria of body fat distribution. Comparison of eating behavior between upper body type and lower body type women did not show any significant differences in meal size meal duration and energy intake per minute While serum free fatty acid level was lower in upper body type women percentage of body fat and fasting serum insulin triglycerde level of upper body type women were statistically higher than those of lower body type women(p<0.05) Our data may indicate the possibility that sympathetic nervous system activity was suppressed in upper body type women which needs ti be examined in future studies. In addition since the upper body type women were dieting over the period of survey with the intention of weigh loss we can conclude that upper body type women had larger variabilities than lower body type women in terms of daily energy intake level.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 1999

This study was to investigate the risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus on healthy offsprings of Korea non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. Forty four offsprings who have at least 1 parent with NIDDM and age, sex and body mass index(BMI) matched forty four healthy control subjects were collected for this study. BMI, skinfold thickness, waist/hip circumference ratio(WHR), fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid profile, nutrient intakes and food behaviors were measured. There were no significant difference in BMI, WHR, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and daily nutrients intake between offsprings and controls. But skinfold thickness, LDL-cholesterol level and sweety food eating frequency were significantly higher in male offsprings than in male controls. And HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in male offsprings than in male controls. Although there were no significant difference, offsprings had a overeating habit and ate more confectionery and greasy food than controls.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of a polyherbal aqueous extract (Curcuma longa Linn., Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., Enicostemma littorale Blume) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Short term experiments showed a decrease in blood glucose levels at $2^{nd}\;hr$ of administration of the aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats with increase in serum insulin levels. The extract did not show any effect on blood glucose or serum insulin levels in normoglycaemic rats. Treatment with the extract (1.5 g dry plant equivalent extarct/100 g body weight/day) for 20 days in diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels and an increase in serum insulin levels. The aqueous extract also showed an enhanced glucose-induced insulin release at 11.1 mM glucose from isolated rat pancreatic islets. The extract did not show any toxicity at the particular dose used.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 1991

To examine the effed of Insulin on neuronal differentiation, telencephalic neuroblasts from chick embryonic brains were cultured in a serum-free medium. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopic studies revealed that the spedfic protein, MAP-2, was localized in both cell bodies and neurites of developing neuroblasts. Furthermore, treatinent of increasing concentration of Insulin promoted the MAP-2 synthesis as well as the neurite outgrowth activity. Thus, the enhancement of the morphological and biochemical parameters for neuronal differentiation appears to he closely correlated, and the neurotrophic effect of insulin may play a crucial role in neuronal process formation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 1998

This study was intended to figure out the difference of the blood lipids, insulin and nutrients intake by fat distribution among the obese young male in Korean. Twenty-eight male college students participated in this study, whose to find out body fat distributions were classified on the basis of Waist /hip ratio (WHR) into three groups-upper body type (UBTM), intermediate body type(IBTM) and lower body type (LBTM). To conduct this study, anthropometric measurements , blood pressure, serum lipids and insulin levels, and daily nutrients intake were analized . The results are as follows : The three body type groups showed significant differences each other in waist circumference(p<0.05), WTR(p<0.001) and body fat percentage (p<0.05). Also they showed significant difference each other in the daily construction in the daily energy intake. But they did not show significant differences in the blood pressure, serum lipids and insulin levels. From the above results, we could concluded that the body fat distribution in obese the young men could affect nutrients intake pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary zinc on the carbohydrate metabolism and the serum content of magnesium and chromium in rats fed normal diet. Animals were divided into three groups by different dietary zinc levels which were low(15ppm), normal(30ppm) or high(60ppm). Serum glucose and Insulin concentrations were assessed by the glucose method and the radio immuno assay respectively. Serum zinc. magnesium and chromium contents were measured by Indectively Coupled Plasma(ICP). Results of the study were as follows : 1. Feed intake in a zinc deficiency group was significantly higher than that in other group, but the weight gain in high zinc diet group was significantly lower than in other groups. 2. There were no significant differences in liver, kidney and spleen weight. 3. Serum glucose, insulin and zinc concentrations were not significantly different among different dietary zinc groups, However serum magnesium and chromium concentrations were significantly decreased as the level of dietary zinc was increased.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate zinc and copper metabolism and risk factors of chronic diseases in 20 normal adults women. The daily intake, excretions in urine and feces, and serum levels of zinc and copper were determined by 24-hr food records and chemical analysis. The results were summarized as follows. mean age, body weight and BMI were 22.88 years, 54.65kg and 21.28kg/$m^2$ respectively. Mean daily intakes of energy and protein were 1578.84㎉(79% of RDA) and 52.05g (87% of RDA). The zinc and copper intake, excrestion in urine and feces were 7093.23$\mu\textrm{g}$(59% of RDA/2093.87$\mu\textrm{g}$, 203.50$\mu\textrm{g}$/39.87$\mu\textrm{g}$ and 3416.41$\mu\textrm{g}$/857.62$\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively. The serum levels of fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, zinc and copper were 76.60mg/㎗, 15.66IU/㎗, 160.30mg/㎗, 50.95mg/㎗, 89.80mg/㎗, 89.79mg/㎗, 95.65$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗ and 73.28$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎗ respectively. Dietary ratio of Zn to Cu was shown to have significant positive correlations with serum insulin, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol. The urinary ratio of Zn to Cu was shown to have significant positive correlations with triglyceride. The serum copper level was shown to have significant negative correlations with serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. In summary, Zn consumption of adult women in their normal diet does not meet the Zn requirement for Koreans. Also, intakes of Zn and Cu may effect the glucose metabolism and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, to increase the Zn intake and to maintain an appropriate intake ratio of Zn to Cu, nutrition education needs to be implemented.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.481-487
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• 2005

Purpose : Adiponectin, adipose tissue-specific protein, has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. It has been found to have a negative correlation with obesity and to play a role in modulating glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Serum adiponectin concentrations are decreased in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the difference in adiponectin levels between obese and non-obese children, and evaluated the relationship of serum adiponectin with body mass index(BMI), serum fasting insulin, lipid profiles and homeostasis model assessment(HOMA) in children. Methods : We measured serum adiponectin levels by radioimmunoassay in 113 children(82 obese children and 31 non-obese controls) from 8 to 15 years of age, and also checked BMI, fasting serum glucose, insulin and lipid profiles. Fasting and postprandial serum adiponectin concentrations were compared by oral glucose tolerance tests in 27 obese children. The correlations of adiponectin with BMI, insulin, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol and HOMA were analyzed by Pearson's correlation. Results : The serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the obese group(19.7 mg/mL) than in the non-obese group(27.5 mg/mL)(P<0.01). Serum adiponectin concentrations were negatively correlated with BMI(r=-0.39, P<0.01), serum insulin(r=-0.28, P<0.01), LDL-C(r=-0.20, P<0.01) and HOMA(r=-0.22, P<0.01). At oral glucose tolerance tests in obese children, postprandial 2 hours adiponectin level(19.8 mg/mL) was decreased compared to fasting level(25.8 mg/mL)(P<0.01). Conclusion : Serum adiponectin concentrations were inversely related to adiposity and insulin resistance in children. We suggest the serum adiponectin level could be used as an early marker of insulin resistance in obese children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 1991

To investigate the effect of cooking form of rice and barley on postprandial serum glucose and insulin response in normal subject, five test carbohydrates calculated to contain 50g of glucose were consumed. Oral ingestions were divided into 5 group, i. e. dextrose(control), ground white rice, ground barley, whole white rice, whole barley, Postprandial glucose and insulin responses were measured over 3hr and showed the following pattern. Dextrose and ground white rice elicited similar postprandial serum glucose and insulin responses whereas ground barley and whole white rice intemediate, whole barley gave the lowest responses in the test group. The ground form of rice and barley were significantly higher responses than the unground form of those as well as whole white rice were higher responses whole barley, The results suggested that the cooking form of rice and barley was an important determinant of the postprandial metabolic responses.