• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.44-54
• /
• 2003

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the protective effects of Gagaminjakdowha-Tang on liver injury of rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. Methods : All animals were divided into 5 groups, those were normal group(untreated), control group(treated with 0.9% Saline solution), sample I group(200mg/kg administrated), sample II group(400mg/kg administrated), Silymarin(200mg/kg administrated) group. Liver injury of rats were induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine, and then the serumtransaminase(ALT & AST) alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) for enzyme activities, Liver cytosol malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and glutathione-peroxidase(GPX) for enzyme activities were measured. Results : The inhibitory effects on the serum ALT activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum AST activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum ALP activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum LDH activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the liver cytosol malondialdehyde were noted in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol catalase activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol superoxide dismutase activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol GST activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol GPX activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALT activities were noted in both sample I and sample II. The inhibitory effects of the serum AST activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALP activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum LDH activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. Conclusions : Gagaminjakdowha-Tang has protective effects against liver injury in rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.7 no.1_2
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 1992

Mugwort has been used as a Korean folk medicine in treating liver diseases acting as an analgesics, sedative, diuresis, choleretics. This study was perfomed to evaluate the effect of mugwort extracts on the changes of enzyme activities, lipid accumulation of the serum and liver, when hepatotoxicity was induced by benzo(a)pyrene. The results are as follows: 1. Mugwort water extract administration prevented the increase of serum and liver AST, ALT, LDH, ${\gamma}$-GTP, liver ALP activities and bilirubin content caused by B(a)P injection. 2. The increase of serum and liver ALT, LDH, ${\gamma}$-GTP, serum AST activities and liver bilirubin contents in B(a)P treated group were decreased by mugwort methanol extract treatment. 3. Serum and liver total cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride level and serum HDL-cholesterol level were increased by B(a)P treatment. After combined treatment of mugwort water and methanul extracts, these lipid content were significantly decreased. 4. The hepatotropic effect of mugwort water extract and after-treatment against B(a)P induced hepatotoxicity was superior to that of methanol extract and pretreatment.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 2006

To investigate the effects of yellow soybean powder on serum lipid level and enzyme activities, male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were given hyperlipidemic diets for 6 weeks. Rats(n=8) were divided into three groups consisting the normal group(N), hyperlipidemic diets group(C) and hyperlipidemic diets and yellow soybean powder group(YSP). YSP group lowered triglyceride, total lipid, phospholpid, ester-cholesterol and free-cholesterl than control group. YSP group lowered total-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol but increased HDL-cholesterol of the serum compared to the control group. Athergenic Index(AI) and LHR(LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio) of YSP group was decreased by control group (p<0.05). On the other hand, glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GTP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDHase) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) enzymes activities were decreased by hyperlipidemic diets group (C). These results suggest that yellow soybean powder fed a lipid lowering effect in serum of rats.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 1988

The purpous of the study was to find an effect of oral administered medium chain triglyceride(MCT) diet on the serum and enzyme activities of Spraque-Dawly rats when they were oral fed with MCT, soybean oil and palm oil. The result was as follow. 1) The body weight gains in MCT diet group was lower than that of the all experimental group. 2) Total cholesterol levels in serum and liver of MCT diet group were very lower than that of the all experimental groups. 3) HDL-cholesterol level of MCT diet group was higher than that of the all experimental group except normal group and VLDL, LDL-cholesterol levels was very higher. 4) TG and PL levels of MCT diet group higher than that of the control group. 5) The activities of GOT with soybean oil diet group and of GPT with MCT diet group were lower than that of the all experimental group. 6) HDL-levels in the serum lipoprotein of MCT diet group was increased and LDL levels was decreased.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 1999

Ethanol catabolism is thought to produce metabolic disorders resulting in alcoholic liver disease. To investigate the mutual effects of ethanol catabolism and cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation on the activities of carboxylesterase, we have determined the enzyme activities in rat hepatic (cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal) preparations as well as in rat serum using ten animal models: normal rats (group 1), sham-operated rats (group 2), common bile duct-ligated rats (group 3), ethanol-intoxicated rats (group 4), sham-operation plus chronic ethanol-intoxicated rats (group 5), common bile duct-ligated plus chronic ethanol-intoxicated rats at 1.5h and 24h (groups 7A and 7B), and duct-ligated and acute ethanol intoxicated rats at 1.5 h and 24 h (groups 8A and 8B). The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of carboxylesterase from these hepatic preparations of cholestatic rat liver combined with chronic ethanol intoxication were also measured by using ethyl valerate as the substrate from the 14th day post-ligation. Carboxylesterase activities of all hepatic preparations and rat serum (group 3) showed significant decreases compared to the activities from the sham-operated control (group 2). Enzyme kinetic parameters indicated that $V_{max}$ of carboxylesterase from all the hepatic preparations in cholestatic rats (group 3) decreased significantly, although the $K_m$ values were about the same as in the sham-operated control (group 2). When cholestasis was combined with chronic ethanol intoxication (group 6), carboxylesterase activities showed further decrease in all the hepatic preparations and serum compared to the control activity (group 5). The $V_{max}$ also decreased significantly, although $K_m$ values did not change. When common bile duct ligation was combined with acute ethanol intoxication (group 8), the enzyme activities in the rat liver and serum showed significant decrease compared to the activity from acute ethanol-intoxicated rats (group 7). However, quite contrary to this, the activities of serum from acute ethanol intoxication 1.5 h (group 7A) increased significantly compared to the activities in the normal control (group 1). These results, therefore, suggest that the biosynthesis of hepatic carboxyl-esterase seems to decrease when cholestasis is combined with chronic and acute ethanol intoxication, and the decrease in activity is more significant than from cholestasis alone.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.268-273
• /
• 1998

The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of ginseng extract on the activities of several enzymes in serum of rats fed lard and alcohol. Thirty-five males of Sprague-Dawley strains weighed about 130 g were divided into 7 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 10 weeks; i.e. basal diet plus 15% lard, basal diet plus 5% alcohol, basal diet plus 5% ginseng extract, basal diet plus 15% lard and 5% ginseng extract. Determinations were carried out on the net weight gain, food efficiency ratio, weight of organs, and AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of rats. The results obtained were as follows:Rats given feed containing lard and alcohol showed significant decrease in net weight gain, but ginseng extract caused an increase in food efficiency ratio. Lard supplementation caused an increase in the weight of liver, kidney, spleen, but another groups did not. AST, ALT, ALP, LDH of serum were significantly increased in lard and alcohol containing group but ginseng extract feeding decreased enzyme activities compared to lard and alcohol containing group. The above results suggest that ginseng extract would prevent the metabolic disease of liver by preventing hyperlipemia caused by high fat diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.245-254
• /
• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P/S ratio of fatty acid and antioxidant (vitamin E, selenium) supplements on the serum lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats. Female 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. While the peroxidizability index (PI) levels of fatty acids in the experimental diets were fixed at 81.22, the levels of P/S ratio of fatty acids were formulated at 0.38, 1.00, 4.81 (LP, MP, HP). These diets were supplemented with vitamin E (1,000 mg/kg diet) and selenium (2.5 mg/kg diet) (LP-S, MP-S, HP-S). This study showed that the serum concentrations of total-cholesterol and HDL-C increased with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p <0.05). Antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C of serum (p<0.05). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver tended to decrease with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p<0.001), but antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver was not significantly different. In addition, antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered TBARS level in the liver (p<0.05), but had no effect on antioxidant enzyme activity except for glutathione reductase (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the properties of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1985

Effect of various fractions from the roots of Patrinia scabiosaefolia (Valerianaceae) and whole plants of Melandryum firmum (Caryophyllaceae) on enzyme activities in mice was investigated. The butanol fractions from both plants caused a significant elevation of serum transaminase activities when administered intraperitoneally, but did not, orally. Prolonged exposure by oral administration of both plants elevated hepatic cytochrome p-450 content, indicating the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes in liver.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.4 s.84
• /
• pp.529-534
• /
• 2007

The effects of dietary eggs on liver and serum lipids, serum protein and mineral concentrations, and enzyme activities in male rats were studied. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed four types of diets for 4 weeks, respectively: a control diet, a control diet supplemented with 5, 10 or 15% eggs powder. In rats fed 5, 10 or 15% egg diets the body weight gain, the food intake, the weights of kidney and epididymal fat pad were similar to those in rats fed the control diet. The hepatic weight, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of rats fed the all egg diets were significantly higher than those of rats fed the control diet. The concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in the serum of rats fed the all egg diets were similar to those of rats fed the control diet. In the rats fed 5% egg diet the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios was significantly increased, and the atherogenic index was significantly decreased compared with those in the rats fed 10 or 15% egg diets. The serum total protein and albumin concentrations of rats fed 10 or 15% egg diets were significantly increased compared with those of rats fed the control diet. The serum calcium levels of rats fed the all egg diets were significantly increased compared with those of rats fed the control diet. No differences were noted in the concentrations of urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose and hemoglobin, and activities of GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ and alkaline phosphatase in the serum among the rats with on all the experimental diets. These results showed that the all egg diets feeding increased cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in liver, but no differences lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in serum of rats.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.47-52
• /
• 2002

To investigate an effect of cyclohexanone (CHO) treatment on the serum levels of xanthine oxidase (XO) in liver damaged animals, the rats were intraperitoneally pretreated with 50% carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in olive oil (0.1 mL/ 100 g body weight) 14 times every other day. To the $CCl_4$-pretreated rats, CHO (1.56 g/kg body weight) was injected once and then the animals were sacrificed at 4 hours after CHO treatment. The increasing rate of serum and liver XO activities to the control was higher in CHO-treated animals pretreated with $CCl_4$ than the $CCl_4$-pretreated those. Concomitantly CHO injection to the $CCl_4$-pretreated animals showed somewhat higher Vmax and lower Km value in the kinetics of liver XO enzyme. Furthermore, increasing rate of hepatic malonedialdehyde content to the control was also higher in CHO-treated animals pretreated with $CCl_4$ than $CCl_4$-pretreated those. On the other hand, the injection of CHO to the $CCl_4$-pretreated animals showed the more enhanced liver damage on the basis of liver function finding; liver weight per body weight (%), serum levels of alanine aminotransferase activity and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In conclusion, injection of CHO to the $CCl_4$-pretreated rats led to more increased activity of serum XO and it may be caused by acceleration of hepatocyte membrane permeability and induction of enzyme protein.