• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 1983

Aucubin, an iridoid glucoside which was previously reported to exhibit liver-protective activities against $CCl_4$ and ${\alpha}-amanitin$ induced liver damages, was subject to toxicological studies. To measure the lethal dose, the doses of 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg, 600mg/kg and 900mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally to experimental mice. No death was observed 24 hrs later, but serum GOT and alkaline phosphatase activities were deceased slightly at the doses of 300mg to 900mg/kg, and the triglyceride contents were slightly increased. To investigate acute toxicity of aucubin itself, multiple dosages(20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg for four times a week) were injected intraperitoneally into mice, then serum enzymes activities and chemistries were assayed; no significant change of the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, GPT, GOT in the test groups were observed in comparison with those of the control group, and the contents of triglyceride, glucose, urea nitrogen and total proteins in the test group serums appeared to be almost same levels as those of the control group were. Histological examiation on liver biopsy samples indicated no gross changes between the control group and the test group were noted. Therefore, aucubin appears to be apparently low toxic substance and its minimum lethal dose in mouse seems to be more than 0.9 g.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.74-91
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• 2002

This studies to investigate the effects of ultrasound and swimming on the changes of the serum creatine kinase, latate dehydrogenase, aspatate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, in peripheral nerve and muscle injury rats. The forty Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were assigned to the 4 groups: the experimental groups(3), and the peripheral nerve and muscle injury control group(1). There was made artificial injured by ischial nerve and muscle of each rats the each experimental ultrasound group and swimming group were treated from 3 days after being injuried for the 5 minutes and 10 minutes every day during the 10 days and 16 days respectively. The results were as follows: 1. The activities of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase were significantly decreased on of the ultrasound and swimming groups for 10 days. All experimental group were significantly decreased for 16 days. there were significantly decreased the swimming group and ultrasound group were to the 10 days group. 2. The activities of asparatate aminotransferase, alalnine aminotransferase on the ultrasound group were significantly increased to the injured control group, there were significantly decreased the ultrasound group for 16 days group were to the 10 days group and there were significantly increased the swimming group for 16 days group were to the 10 days group. 3. The activities of alkaline phosphatase changes were no difference all experimental groups, there were significantly increased for 16 days group to the 10 days group. From these results it may be concluded that the effects of the ultrasound and swimming, the changes of the serum activities creatine kinase , lactate dehydrogenase of (; the objective indicates) to the muscle regeneration process of the nerve and muscle injured rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.511-516
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical efforts of old antler extracts on the enzyme activities in serum of galactosamine (GaIN)-induced rats. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing the average of 110$\pm$10g were divided into four groups and each group was fed either AIN-76 diet or modified AIN-76 diet with old antler extracts (water extract, neutral extract, ether extract) for four weeks. CaIN (400mg/ kg of body weight) was injected to CaIN treatment groups intraperitoneally on the same day every week. CaIN treatment decreased growth performance of rats. But dietary supplementation of old antler extracts prevented this decrement. Serum aminotransferase activities were increased by CaIN treatment, but this increment was reduced by feeding the old antler extracts, and the effect of water extract was the most prominent of the old antler extracts. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum of CaIN treatment groups were higher than those of control groups and were decreased by old antler extracts supplementation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2001

Effect of Quartz porphyry(QP) on clinical chemical parameters of serum in male white java sparrow by feeding the basal diet(Control group) containing 3.0% QP(QP group) for 14 days was studied. Body weight gain, feed intake, the weight of the gizzard and the heart were not significantly different in the both groups. However, the weights of kidney and liver in the QP group were higher than in the control group. The contents of triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and albumin, and the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in serum were not significantly different in the both groups. The activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in serum was higher in the QP group than in the control group.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2007

The plants, Trianthema decandra and Glinus oppositifolius are commonly used by tribal people in India for the treatment of liver diseases. Hepatoprotective activity of methanol extracts of Glinus oppositifolius and Trianthema decandra at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight administered orally was evaluated against paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Biochemical parameters such as serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, total serum protein, lipid peroxide and glutathione content of the liver were estimated to determine liver function and metabolism. From the biochemical observations, it was concluded that methanol extracts of Glinus oppositifolius and Trianthema decandra significantly restored the altered biochemical parameters towards normal condition in paracetamol induced liver damage.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 2004

The plant Indigofera aspalathoides are used by a large number of tribes in India for the treatment of various hepatic disorder. The methanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (MEIA) was evaluated for its effect on carbontetrachloride $(CCl_{4})$ induced liver damage. Biochemical parameters such as serum glutamine oxaloacetate trasaminase (SGOT), serum glutamine pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum protein (TP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBRS) and glutathione content of the liver were estimated to assess liver function and metabolism. Biochemical observations suggest that methanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (MEIA) significantly restored the liver function and metabolism towards normal condition in $CCl_{4}$-induced hepatic damage.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6255-6259
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• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in gallbladder cancer (GBC). Materials and Methods: Serum ALP and GGT levels and clinicopathological parameters were retrospectively evaluated in 199 GBC patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off values of ALP and GGT. Then, associations with overall survival were assessed by multivariate analysis. Based on the significant factors, a prognostic score model was established. Results: By ROC curve analysis, $ALP{\geq}210U/L$ and $GGT{\geq}43U/L$ were considered elevated. Overall survival for patients with elevated ALP and GGT was significantly worse than for patients within the normal range. Multivariate analysis showed that the elevated ALP, GGT and tumor stage were independent prognostic factors. Giving each positive factor a score of 1, we established a preoperative prognostic score model. Varied outcomes would be significantly distinguished by the different score groups. By further ROC curve analysis, the simple score showed great superiority compared with the widely used TNM staging, each of the ALP or GGT alone, or traditional tumor markers such as CEA, AFP, CA125 and CA199. Conclusions: Elevated ALP and GGT levels were risk predictors in GBC patients. Our prognostic model provides infomration on varied outcomes of patients from different score groups.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.235-247
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan coating on the attachment, proliferation, functional and morphological change of human gingival fibroblasts. Primary culture of human gingival fibroblasts were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. In experimental group, cells were inoculated in the multiwell plates coated with chitosan in concentration of 0.02, 0.2, and 2 mg/ml. Cell counting and MTT assay were done after 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6 and 24 hours of incubation to evaluate the cell attachment, and then after 2 and 7 days of culture to evaluate the cell proliferation. The alkaline phosphatase activity was measured after 4 and 7 days of culture and the ability to produce mineralized nodules was evaluated after 21 days of culture. The results were as follows : The morphology of cells on the chitosan-coated well was round or spheric. Round cells were aggregated since 6 hours of culture and showed nodule-like appearance after 24 hours of culture and did not achieved confluency at 7 days. The attachment of gingival fibroblasts was inhibited by chitosan coating with a tendency of dose dependent pattern. But, cellular activity of unit cell was higher than control. The proliferation of gingival fibroblasts was inhibited by chitosan coating at 2 mg/ml(P<0.01), while the cell proliferation at 0.02, 0.2 $mg/m{\ell}$ was comparable to the control well. Total alkaline phosphatase activity was inhibited by chitosan coating and decreased in the course of time. While ALP activity of unit cell was the highest at 2mg/ml after 4 days of culture. Finally, gingival fibroblasts produced the mineralized nodule at 2 mg/ml. In summary, the attachment, proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity of gingival fibroblasts were influenced differently by the concentration of coated chitosan. From this study, it could be used as the matrix of tissue engineering for gingiva without inhibition on proliferation of gingival fibroblasts using chitosan at the optimal concentration (0.02mg/ml).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2004

This study explored the association between the bone nutrition indicators and the bone mineral density (BMD) in 138 apparently healthy elderly (male: 38, female: 100) dwelling in a low income area of the city. Dietary intakes were estimated from two meals (breakfast ＆ dinner) and snack using 24 hr-recall method and lunch with weighing over 3 consecutive days. Female elderly showed significant lower intakes (p<0.001∼p<0-05) for most of the nutrients except calcium and vitamin C than the elderly male. Calcium and vitamin D intakes for both male and female were 331.0 mg, 1.89 $\mu\textrm{g}$ and 308.6 mg, 1.21 $\mu\textrm{g}$, respectively and they were below the 50% of the RDA. Both the BMDs at lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were positively correlated with the energy intake, calcium intake and vitamin D intake (p<0.05, respectively) for male. In female BMDs of the both sites were positively correlated with the intakes of carbohydrates, protein, lipid, calcium and vitamin D (p<0.01∼p<0.05). Female showed higher serum osteocalcin (p<0.01) and urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine (DPYR/CR) (p<0.001), meaning that female had elevated rate in bone turn over and bone resorption. The proportion of subjects with vitamin D deficiency assessed with serum 25(OH)VitD$_3$<10 mg/mL was 35.0% for female and 23.7% for male, respectively Both the BMDs at lumbar spine and trochanter were positively correlated with serum 25(OH)VitD$_3$ but BMDs in most of the sites were negatively associated with urinary DPYR/CR, phosphate/CR. Stepwise multiple regression showed physical activity, serum alkaline phosphatase, weight, vitamin D explained 47.6% of the variation of the LS BMD. The indicator variable for serum alkaline phosphatase was negatively associated with LS BMD. However, the indicator variable for weight and vitamin D intake were positive and significant (p=0.0087, p=0.0007, respectively). For FN BMD, the indicator variable for age and serum alkaline phosphatase were negative and significant (p<0.0075, p<0.0015, respectively) and the weight was positively associated with the FN BMD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.657-661
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• 2001

Osteoporosis that is associated with ovarian hormone deficiency following menopause (postmenopausal osteoporosis) is by far the most common cause of age-related bone loss. Isoflavone has been reported as a natural substance that possibly minimizes bone loss in postmenopausal women. This study was conducted to investigate the preventing, treating effects of isoflavone on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. 120 Sprague Dawley rats of 13 week-old were devided into 2 groups, a treatment group and prevention group. Each group was consisted of six subgroups; control (CON), sham operated (SH) or ovariectomized (OVX) and isoflavone supplemented goups: OVX+0.25mg isoflavone/kg diet (OL), OVX+0.8mg isoflavone/kg diet(OM) and OVX+2.5mg isoflavone/kg diet(OH). to study the preventing effects of isoflavone on bone loss, OL, OM and OH groups were fed with isoflavone from 4 days after ovariectomization. Treating effects of isoflavone on bone metabolism were investigated with OL, OM, OH groups supplemented with isoflavone from 8 weeks after ovariectomization. Isoflavone supplementation continued for 8 weeks. At 8 weeks after ovariectomization significant increase in alkaline phosphatase occurred comparing with CON and SH group. By isoflavone supplementation from 4 days after ovariectomy alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline were lowered and bone mineral density, bone strength of the femur and tibia and bone dry weight were slightly enhanced with no significant difference. Isoflavone supplemented group at the level of 0.8mg/kg diet (OM group) had significantly lower serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline, and higher strength of femur than OVX group. Groups with isoflavone supplementation fro 8 weeks after ovariectomy had lower level of serum alkaline phosphatase, urinary hydroxyproline than OVX group. Bone mineral density, bone dry weight and bone strength of the femur and tibia were slightly enhanced by isoflavone supplementation. However there was no significanct difference between OVS ad isoflavone supplementation groups. The results suggest that isoflavone might have potential role for preventing postmenopausal bone loss. Isoflavone supplementation at early stage of postemenopause may be beneficial to age-related bone health.