• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.340-350
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to determine whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$(PPAR${\gamma}$ is involved in the regulation of weaning to estrus of primiparous sows. Twelve sows composed of 6 groups of 2 full-sibs in a similar age (325.2 d), body weight (BW; 152.4 kg) and backfat thickness (BFT; 27.0 mm) at start of lactation, were allocated to accept 31 MJ (restricted group, R-group) or 53 MJ (control group, C-group) DE/d treatment, respectively. The experimental results indicated that the low energy intake resulted in excessive losses of BW and BFT during lactation in R-group sows, which may be related to decrease of serum 15-deoxy-${\Delta}^{12,14}$-prostaglandin $J_2$ (15d-$PGJ_2$), a ligand of PPAR${\gamma}$ The obvious peak and the frequency of LH, FSH and estradiol ($E_2$) were only observed in C-group sows. Except for $E_2$ at d 1 and 2, serum FSH, LH and $E_2$ concentrations in R-group were lower than those in C-group sows after weaning. However, the serum progesterone ($P_4$) level in R-group sows was always more than that in C-group. The expression abundances of PPAR${\gamma}$and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) in pituitary, FSH receptor (FSH-R), LH receptor (LH-R), estrogen receptor (ES-R) and aromatase in ovary of anestrous sows were lower than those of estrous sows. Neither the BFT nor the BW was associated with the mRNA abundance of PPAR${\gamma}$in hypothalamus during lactation. Expressions of PPAR${\gamma}$in pituitary and ovary were affected evidently by the BFT changes and only by the loss of BW of sows during and after lactation. Furthermore, PPAR${\gamma}$mRNA level in ovary was significantly related to the expression abundances of GnRH-R, FSH-R, ES-R and aromatase, and GnRH-R was obviously associated with PPAR${\gamma}$expression in pituitary. However, PPAR${\gamma}$expression in hypothalamus likely has no effects on these genes expression and no obvious difference for all sows. Not serum $E_2$ or $P_4$ alone but the ratios of $E_2$ to $P_4$ and 15d-$PGJ_2$ to $P_4$, and serum FSH and LH were evidently related to PPAR${\gamma}$expression in pituitary and ovary. It is concluded that PPAR${\gamma}$is associated with body conditions, reproduction hormones and their receptor expression, which affected the functions of pituitary and ovary and ultimately the estrus after weaning of primiparous sows.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2002

Objective: To assess the difference of baseline hormonal status and pathophysio logy, and confirm the risk factors for long term complication according to Body Mass Index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials and Methods: Serum level of LH, FSH, Estradiol, Prolactin, Testosterone, DHEA-S, fasting insulin were measured and 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test and endometrial biopsy were performed in total 75 chronic anovulation patients and 20 normal cycling infertility patients. 95 evaluated patients were divided into 3 groups including patients with chronic anovulation having BMI below 25, BMI beyond 25.1, normal cycling infertility patients, Group 1 (n=39), Group 2 (n=36), Group 3 (n=20), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed respect to relationship between BMI and measured hormone level, sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT, insulin resistance using t-test, ANOVA test, Post Hoc test, Mann-Whitney test. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Serum LH level and LH/FSH ratio was significantly higher in Group 1, compared than Group 2 or 3 (p<0.05), BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio was negatively correlated (r=-0.351, r=-0.318). There was no significant difference according to BMI in FSH, testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, DHEA-S level. Fasting insulin and sum of glucose level during 100 gm OGTT were significantly higher in Group 2 compared than Group 1 or Group 3 (p<0.05), there was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 3. Insulin resistance was more frequently identified in Group 2 compared than Group 1 (p=0.001). Conclusions: BMI and LH, LH/FSH ratio were negatively correlated, so clinical significance of LH, LH/FSH ratio in diagnosis of PCOS may be attenuated by increasing body weight. Overweight patients with chronic anovulation may be the risk group for developing insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, later type 2 DM. Hyperinsulinemia may operate mainly in overweight chronic anovulation patients in development of hyperandrogenism.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2008

The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of seasons on reproductive performance of Hanwoo and Holstein heifers. Heat stress in summer or cold stress in winter stress to Hanwoo and Holstein heifers may bring reproduction failure, which would pose an important economic loss, even around Daegwallyeong region located in high mountainous area. Seasonal differences in the serum levels of LH, FSH and progesterone ($P_4$) in response to environmental factors (hot and cold) out of 20 pubertal Hanwoo heifers in Daegwallyeong, Gangwon Province and 20 non-lactating Holstein heifers in Chonan city of Republic of Korea at 2-3 years of age were compared. Blood samples for hormonal analysis were from jugular vein after detection of estrus repeatedly over four seasons within four-week intervals (Spring: May to June, Summer: July to August, Autumn: October to November and Winter: January to February). In Hanwoo heifer population, averages of LH and FSH concentration in spring and in summer were greater compared to those in winter (p<0.05). LH or FSH levels tended to be greater (p=0.06) in spring and less (p=0.09) in winter compared to the levels in autumn. Only in summer, cattle seemed to show lower LH or FSH secretion (p<0.05). Similar to the results in Hanwoo heifers, the serum concentrations of LH and FSH in Holstein heifers decreased further by heat stress in summer when P 4 levels were high during luteal phase. The results demonstrate significant effect of summer heat on reproduction of Hanwoo or Holstein heifers. Although parameters indicating the extent of heat stress were not measured in this study, we suggest that serum hormone levels could be considered as successful indicators of summer heat stress condition for Hanwoo and Holstein heifers even under rather cool summer climate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1725-1731
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• 2003

Effect of strategically supplemented pregnancy allowance was ascertained during different phases of gestation on the reproductive performance of does. Gravid does (18) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments HH, HL and LH in a completely randomized block design. All does were provided wheat straw ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate mixture at the rate of $20g/kgW^{0.75}$ from 0-60 days post-mating. Subsequently, HH group was given concentrate at the rate of $40g/kgW^{0.75}$ from 61 d post-mating to term. HL group was offered concentrate from 61-90 d post-mating and 121d post mating to term at the rate of $20g/kgW^{0.75}$ and from 91-120 d post-mating at the rate of $40g/kgW^{0.75}$. LH group was provided with concentrate from 61 to 120 d post-mating and 121 to term at the rate of 20 g and $40g/kgW^{0.75}$, respectively. Mean total dry matter and concentrate intake ($g/kgW^{0.75}$) was significantly higher on HH in comparison to comparable intake of HL and LH treatments, however, wheat straw followed the reverse trend. Haematological and biochemical parameters except serum glucose, total serum protein and A:G ratio did not differ significantly among dietary treatments. The gross gain in weight, products of pregnancy at 21 weeks of gestation, pregnant does average daily gain, birth weight of kids and survivability of kids were significantly lower in treatment HL in comparison to comparable values for HH and LH treatments. The net gain in gravid does was significantly higher in treatment HH than the comparable values obtained in HL and LH treatments. The last month of pregnancy was found to be nutritionally most sensitive period of gestation for native goats.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 1985

한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)의 번식효율(繁殖效率)을 증진(增進)시키기 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)로서 발정시기(發情時期)에 따를 혈청(血淸) 성(性) hormone의 변화(變化)를 측정(測定)하기 위하여 발정당일(發情當日) (0) 부터 매(每)2일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 20(0)일(日)까지 혈청내(血淸內)의 LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol-$17{\beta}$ 및 progesterone의 농도(濃度)를 radioimmunoassay로 측정(測定)하여 검토(檢討)하였던 바, 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 발정주기(發情週期)에 따른 혈청(血淸) LH의 농도(濃度)는 발정당일(發情當日)에는 3.27 mIU/ml로 높은 수준(水準)이었으나, 그 후(後)에는 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)하여 발정주기(發情週期)의 2일(日)부터 18일(日)까지의 사이에는 1.05~1.73 mIU/ml로 매우 낮은 수준(水準)이었다. Prolactin의 농도(濃度)는 LH와 변화경향(變化傾向)은 유사(類似)하였으냐 변화폭(變化幅)은 낮았으며 FSH는 1.25 mIU/ml 수준이하(水準以下)였다. 2. 발정주기중(發情週期中) 혈청(血淸) estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 수준(水準)은 발정당일(發情當日)에 23.62 pg/ml로 최고수준(最高水準)을 보였고 기타(其他)의 기간(期間)에는 4.56~9.75 pg/ml의 범위(範圍)로 낮은 수준(水準)이었다. Progesterone의 농도(濃度)는 발정당일(發情當日)에 0.45 ng/ml로 최소치(最少値)였고, 그후(後) 점차(漸次) 증가(增加)하여 14일(日)에 8.85 ng/ml로 최고치(最高値)를 나타낸 다음 다시 감소(減少)되는 변화경향(變化傾向)을 보였다. 3. 발정전후(發情前後)의 혈청(血淸) LH의 농도(濃度)는 발정시각(發情時刻)에 3.06 mIU/ml로 최고치(最高値)를 보였고, 발정전(發情前)과 후(後)로 6시간(時間)씩 12시간(時間)동안은 높은 수준(水準)을 보였다. FSH는 모든 관찰시간(觀察時間)에서 1.25 mIU/ml 이하(以下)의 수준(水準)이었고, prolactin은 발정전(發情前) 12시간(時間)으로부터 발정후(發情後) 12 시간(時間)까지 24 시간(時間)동안 높은 수준(水準)을 유대(維待)하였다. 4. 발정전후(發情前後)의 estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 농도(濃度)는 발정시각(發情時刻)을 중심(中心)으로 전(前)과 후(後)로 각(各) 12시간(時間)까지 24시간(時間)동안은 높은 수준(水準)이었으며, progesterone은 estradiol-$17{\beta}$와 반대(反對)되는 변화경향(變化傾向)을 보였다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.161-172
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• 1991

This study was conducted to research the endocrine mechanisms of postpartum anestrus and determine if the morphology of the CL could be related to function in Korean native goats. At parturition 48 goats were assigned to a nonsuckled group and a suckled group. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone(LH), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), prolactin(PRL), estradiol-17$\beta$(E2) and cortisol were measured at various times after parturitionin the goats. The corpora lutea of pregnancy were examined by a light microscope on the 6th hour and the first, 3rd, 10th, 11th, and 21st days after parturition. The results were summarized as follows : Mean serum LH concentrations were lower after parturition in all treatments and increased gradually with the intervals after parturition(P<0.01). These values did not differ between groups. The levels of serum FSH were lower after parturition and tended to increase gradually between 2 and 21 days. The levels of serum FSH are not significantly different between the groups of goats. Two days after kidding mean levels of serum PRL began to fall in nonsuckling goats but increased in suckling goats. During 3 weeks serum PRL concentrations were different between nonsuckling and suckling goats(P<0.01). Three days after parturition the levels of serum E2 decreased in all treatments. From parturition to day 21 serum E2 concentrations were greater in nonsuckling than in suckling goats(P<0.01). At the sixth hour after parturition the structure of the CL was well preserved. At days 1 and 3 the blood vessels were sparcely distributed, whereas, at days 1 and 3 the blood vessels were sparcely distributed, whereas, at days 10, 11 and 21 tortuous larger vessels with thick walls were observed on the luteal tissue. At days 1, 3, 10, 11 and 21 after parturition the CL of pregnancy showed degeneration and the proportion of tissue occupied by intercelluar substances increased at days 21 postpartum. In conclusion, the present study has shown that regression of the CL of pregnancy is accelerated in the period after parturition and effectively completed within three weeks postpartum.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-107
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• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 성장중(成長中)인 수퇘지에 있어서 혈청중(血淸中) LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone, GOT 및 GPT의 농도(濃度)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 출생시(出生時)부터 130kg까지 체중단계별(體重段階別)로 실시(實施)하였는 바, 공시돈(供時豚)으로는 6두(頭)의 삼원교잡종(三元交雜種) 수퇘지를 사용(使用)하였다. 그 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 혈청(血淸) LH의 농도(濃度)는 출생시(出生時)부터 130kg까지 2.89~4.25mIU/ml의 범위(範圍)를 나타내었다. FSH의 농도(濃度)는 1.25mIU/ml이하(以下)로 분석한계수준(分析限界水準) 이하(以下)였다. 2. 혈청(血淸) prolactin의 농도(濃度)는 출생시(出生時) 8.05ng/ml로 제일 높은 수준(水準)을 나타내었으며, 15kg부터 50kg까지는 3.07~4.25ng/ml의 범위(範圍)로 급격히 감소(減少)하였다. 70kg부터는 7.30ng/ml로 다시 증가(增加)했다가 110kg부터 다시 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이였다. 3. 혈청(血淸) testosterone의 농도(濃度)는 출생시(出生時) 0.42ng/ml, 15kg부터 30kg까지 0.11~0.09ng/ml, 그리고 15ng/ml 50kg부터 1.15ng/ml로 증가(增加)하여 거의 일정(一定)한 수준(水準)을 유지(維持)하였다. 4. 혈청(血淸) GOT의 농도(濃度)는 출생시(出生時) 130.75 karmen units/ml, 15kg부터 70kg까지 58.56~65.25karmen units/ml, 그리고 90kg부터 83.60 karmen units/ml로 점차 증가(增加)하였다. 5. 혈청(血淸) GOT의 농도(濃度)는 출생시(出生時) 63.25 karmen units/ml, 15kg부터 70kg까지 27.25~30.75 karmen units/ml, 그리고 90kg부터 41.62 karmen units/ml로 점차 증가(增加)하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2022

Background: The indiscriminate use of pesticides in Nigeria may have harmful effects on reproductive health of farmers. Objectives: This study assessed the awareness of reproductive health, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and sperm characteristics of male farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides. Methods: Eighty four male farmers were recruited for the study. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data. Blood and semen samples were collected from the subjects in the morning for hormonal assays and semen analysis using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and SQAV sperm quality analyzer. Data were analyzed using chi square, Student's-t-test, and Regression analysis. Results: Serum FSH (p<0.01), LH (p<0.005) and Estradiol (p<0.001) were significantly higher while prolactin (p<0.02) and testosterone (p<0.001) were significantly lower among pesticides exposed farmers than nonexposed subjects. Some 34/84 (40.5%) of the pesticides exposed farmers had serum testosterone levels below the lower limit of the reference range. Those with low testosterone levels (p<0.001), also had FSH (p<0.05), LH (p<0.001) and Estradiol (p<0.002) significantly lower than those with normal testosterone levels. The sperm count among pesticides exposed farmers; total motility and percentage morphology were significantly lower than non-pesticides exposed subjects. Some 14/84 (16.7%) of the pesticides exposed farmers had sperm count below 15 million/mL (oligozoospermia). More than 70% of the farmers were not aware of the reproductive health risks associated with pesticides and only 23.8% of the farmers were using protective devices. Conclusions: Deliberate efforts to improve awareness, knowledge, personal hygiene, and interventions necessary to lessen both pesticides exposure and health risks by adopting safe practices are suggested.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제1권
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• pp.15-54
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• 1992

The present study was accomplished to investigate the relation between menstrual cycle and ovulation by studying the fluctuation of FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone concentration in serum samples of selected senior high school women with normal and delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungijongoktang which was a widely used herb medicine for controlling abnormal menstrual cycles. The obtained results were summarized as follows : 1. There was a significant increase of FSH concentration in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang during the preovulatory phase. 2. Jokyungiongoktang produced a significant elevation od LH concentration in women with normal and delayed menstrual cycles, respectively, during the critical interval of ovulation. 3. Estrogen concentration was significantly decreased in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang during the critical interval of ovulation. 4. Peogesterone concentration significantly increase in women with delayed menstrual cycles after administration of Jokyungjongoktang, respectively, during the postovulatory phase. According to the above results, it can be considered that Jokyungjongoktang restore menstruation and pregnancy-related hormones to normal serum levels of women with normal menstrual cycles by activating maturation of ovum and action of estrogen during the preovulatory phase, ovulation and progesterone synthesis during the critical interval of ovulation, and nidation and endometrium sufficient for the continued pregnacy during the postovulatory phase in women with delayed menstrual cycles.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.25-37
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• 1983

As the cytogenetic developed, cytogenetic study has also developed progressively. This study is a systematical cytogenetic and clinico-hormonal analysis of 20 cases Wp.ere gonadal dysgenesis was diagnosed and deferred to the Dept. of obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University, Medical School from Jan. 1974 to Aug. 1983. Twenty patients with the diagnosis of gonada dysgenesis have been assesed as to possible correlations between clinical, homonal and cytogenic findings. The desults were as follows; l. Gonadal dysgenesis were found in 20 cases, consisting of 15 cases (75%) of turnurs syndrome, 4 case of pure gonadal dysgenesis (20%), 46. XX and 1 case of mixed gonadal dysgenesis, 45,XO/46,XY. 2. Patients with XO karyotype, turner's ryndorme, have a resonably constant clinical picture of sexual infantilism with streak gonads, short status and webbed neck. 3. 17 cases were found primary amenorhea and two cases were noted with 2 ndary amenorrhea. one case has been presented with menstruation. 4. The rudimentary streak gonads were found in 7 cases of 8 cases and one case has a rudimentary streak gonad on one side and a testis on the contralateral side. 5. The study showed that potients with gonadal dysgenesis had an average of about 4-8 times higher basal FSH and about 3-7 times higher basal LH than that of the early follicular phase of normal menstrual cycle. 6. Two cases of three gonadal dysgenesis patieats, who performed LH-RH challage test, showed that the serum FSH levels reached the maximal level at 30 min after injection of CHRH and the serum LH level reached the maximal level at 60 min ofter injection of LHRH one case showed no significant response to LH-RH injection. Thus, bu studying simultoneously the clinical, cytogenic, hormonal aspects and visualization of gonads, we have gained some practical insight into the requirements for proper disgnosis and treatment.