• 한국균학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.82-90
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• 1989

각종 균에 대한 침강항체 양성율 (1) 조사대상자 285명 중 104명(36.49%)이 각종 진균에 대한 침강항체를 가지고 있었다. (2) 진균종별로는 침강항체 양성자 104명 중 두 균종 이상의 항원에 대한 양성자를 포함하여 A. fumigatus에 대해 64명 (61.54%) C. albicans에 대해 49명 (47.12%)이었고 A. flavus와 A. niger 및 A. nidlans는 $1{\sim}3$명으로 극소수였다. (3) 성별양성율 빈도는 남성의 경우 A. fumigatus가 24.26% C. albicans가 12.43%인데 비해 여성의 경우 A. fumigatus가 19.83%, C. albicans가 24.14%로서 남성의 경우는 A. fumigatus에 대한 항체가가, 여성의 경우는 C. albicans에 대한 항체가가 높게 나타나 상호 유의성이 있었다(P<0.05). (4) 연령별 양성율의 분포는 $40{\sim}49$세 연령군이 49.12%로서 제일 높았고 $50{\sim}59$세 연령군(43.33%), $30{\sim}39$세 연령군(34.09%), 60세 이상 연령군(31.11%), $20{\sim}29$세 연령군(26.00%) 순이었다. 형광항체반응에 의한 항체검출 (1) 균배양시간에 따른 균체표면 항원의 감수성 간접 형광항체반응으로 조사한 결과 배양시간에 따른 차이점은 관찰할 수 없었다. (2) Aspergillosis 환자의 혈청내에 존재하는 A. fumigatus 항체는 IgG가 가장 많았으므로 간접형광항체반응을 이용한 Aspergillosis 진단시 FITC-labeled anti-lgG를 사용하여야 될 것으로 생각된다. (3) Aspergillosis 속의 균사체 표면항원은 간접 형광항체 반응을 이용하여 항체를 정출시 균종간에 교차반응이 심해서 교차반응 항체를 제거한 후 사용하여 야 될 것으로 사료된다. (4) Aspergillosis 진단에 사용되는 면역학적인방법 중 면역확산법 특이성이 높은데 비해 감수성이 낮고 간접 형광항체반응법은 감수성은 높은데 비해 특이성이 낮으므로 검사목적에 따라 2가지방법을 적절히 병용하는 것이 좋다고 생각된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2003

목 적 : Hyper IgM syndrome(HIGM)은 크게 세 부류로 나누는데, CD40L 분자의 돌연변이로 초래되며 X-linked로 유전되는 형태를 HIGM1이라고 하고, 상염색체성 열성 형태로 유전되면서 CD40L는 정상적으로 표현되는 형태로 activation-induced cytidine deaminase(AID) 유전자에 이상 때문에 오는 경우를 HIGM2로 분류하고 있다. 다른 한 부류는 X-linked HIGM 증후군의 매우 드문 한 형태로서 발한 저하성 외배엽 이형성증이 동반된 경우로, 이 질환은 전사인자인 nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$의 활성화에 관여하는 nuclear factor ${\kappa}B$ essential modulator를 coding하는 유전자의 돌연변이 때문에 오는 것으로 알려져 있다. 연구자들은 HIGM2와 유사하지만 AID 유전자에 변이는 없는 새로운 형태의 HIGM 환자의 말초 B세포를 이용하여 병인을 조사하고자 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방 법 : 환자의 말초혈액 단핵구를 분리하고, EBV로 immortalization을 시켜 Cycle TEST PLUS DNA Reagent kit를 이용하여 cell cycle을 분석하였다. 환자의 말초혈액 T 세포에서 CD40L의 표현을 immunostaining으로 알아보고, RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR을 하고 direct sequencing을 통하여 CD40L 유전자의 돌연변이 부위를 찾아보았다. 아울러 AID 유전자의 돌연변이를 찾기 위하여 같은 방법으로 sequencing하고 조사하였다. 환자의 림프절을 병리학적인 검사를 시행하고 CD3, CD23, CD40, Fas-L, bcl-2, BAX의 표현을 알아보기 위하여 immunostaining을 실시하였다. 결 과: 림프절의 광학적 소견은 반응성 여포증식의 소견을 보였으며, 여포와 단구양 증식은 B-세포 표시인자인 L26에 양성을 보였고, 대부분의 형질세포는 IgM에 양성을 보였다. 여포는 CD40, Fas, BAX에 양성반응을 보이고, bcl-2와 Fas-L에 음성반응을 보였다. 말초혈액 B 림프구를 이용하여 cell cycle을 분석한 결과 정상(17.9%)에 비하여 G2/mitosis phase(M3 in figure)가 현저하게 감소(8.5%)되어 있는 양상을 보여주고 있으며, IL-4로 자극한 경우에는 정상인에서 보여주는 양상으로 회복되는 양상을 볼 수 있었다. 단핵수에서 CD40L의 표현은 정상이었고 CD40L 유전자에도 돌연변이는 발견할 수 없었으며, HuAID 유전자에도 돌연변이를 발견할 수 없었다. 결 론 : 환자의 말초혈액 B림프구를 통한 연구 결과, 기존에 보고 되어진 HIGM2 형태와 임상적으로는 비슷하지만, 정상적인 AID유전자를 보이고, G2/mitosis phase가 정상에 비하여 감소된, 새로운 형태의 HIGM이라고 여겨진다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2013

Objective: The root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica (Ulmi Radicis cortex, URC) is a medicinal herb used for promoting diuresis and treating dampness. In Korea, URC has long been used as an efficacious therapy for inflammation, burns, frostbite and skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis. Methods: In the present study, we used 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis (CD) mouse model to investigate the anti-allergic and the anti-inflammatory effects of URC on skin lesion, histopathological changes and specific antibody production. Results: URC treatment, 10 mg/mL, effectively inhibited skin lesions induced by repeated paintings with DNFB. In the histopathological observation, topical application of URC inhibited spongiosis. In addition, URC lowered the production levels of total immunoglobulin and IgG2a in serum. Conclusion: These data indicate that URC has an anti-inflammatory effect that produces an improvement of skin lesions in CD mice.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.349-352
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• 2012

A 94-year-old female with end-stage renal disease presents with fever, fatigue, and hematochezia. She had previously resided in Hunan Province, China, and Myanmar, and she immigrated to Taiwan 30 years ago. Colonoscopy revealed a colonic ulcer. Biopsy of the colonic ulcer showed ulceration of the colonic mucosa, and many Paragonimus westermani-like eggs were noted. Serum IgG antibody levels showed strong reactivity with P. westermani excretory-secretory antigens by ELISA. Intestinal paragonimiasis was thus diagnosed according to the morphology of the eggs and serologic finding. After treatment with praziquantel, hematochezia resolved. The present case illustrates the extreme manifestations encountered in severe intestinal paragonimiasis.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2007

A 33-year-old women developed weakness in all limbs 3 days prior to admission. Motor examination showed decreased strength in all limbs, but sensory examination was normal. Deep tendon reflexes were areflexia. Electrophysiological examination showed conduction blocks with nearly normal conduction velocities and terminal latencies in motor nerves and normal amplitudes and velocities in sensory nerves. Her serum was positive for IgG antibodies to gangliosides GM1, GD1b, and galactocerebroside. Acute motor conduction block neuropathy may be another variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.583-593
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• 1997

Indirect fluorescent antibody test(IFAT) and enzyme-linked imuunosorbent assay (IgG-ELISA) as serological diagnostic tools were conducted to evaluate the usefulness for diagnosis of canine babesiosis infected with Babesia gibsoni in domestic various dog breeds, american pit bullterrier, military shepherd, and mongrel dogs. The results obtained from this study were abstracted as follows. The nonionic detergent Triton X-100 and absorbent bio-bead $SM_2$ were useful reagents for the preparation of pure merozoite antigen of B gibsoni to be used in ELISA. The optimum reaction in ELISA was shown when the protein concentration of ELISA antigen was measured as 625ng/ml and the conjugate concentration was diluted into 1/6000 fold. The average OD value of ELISA in sera determined with negative responses in IFAT was measured as $0.255{\pm}0.051$(490nm) and the cut - off value of OD was determined as 0.399(490nm). The serum antibodies in both of IFAT and ELISA were detected on one week after artificially infected with B gibsoni and these high antibody titers, 512X in IFAT and 1024X in ELISA, were long lasted until 15 weeks after infection. The reproducibility of reaction and stability of the antigen absorbed microtitration polystyrene plate preserved in $4^{\circ}C$ refrigerator and $-20^{\circ}C$ freezer, respectively could be lasted until 135 days after storage. The positive rates in IFAT by dog breeds were shown 8.1%(60/744 heads) in mongrel dogs, 81.3%(78/96 heads) in american pit bullterrier and 15.6%(15/96 heads) in military shepherd, while the positive rate in ELISA shown 17.6%(131/744 heads) in mongrel dogs, 83.3%(80/96 heads) in american pit bullterrier and 36.5%(35/96 heads) in military shepherd, respiectively. In the total of 936 heads surveyed with IFAT and ELISA the positive rates in IFAT and ELISA were 16.4%(153/936 heads) and 26.3%(246/936 heads), respectivily. Agreement of reactions between IFAT and ELISA was shown 82.4% in 936 dog sera. The specificity and sensitivity of ELISA reaction were 83.5% and 76.5%, respectively. From the conclusion obtained in this study it was evaluated that IFAT and ELISA were useful as highly specific, sensitive and stable serelogical tools for the diagnosis of canine babesiosis in Korea.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2011

The study evaluated whether a transgenic carrot vaccine could induce a K88-specific immune response in sows and whether the resultant maternal antibody could protect piglets against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88ac infection. Sows (n = 15) selected randomly from a farm in Korea were assigned to three groups (n = 5 per group: control [untreated]), group A (orally inoculated with a nontransgenic and transgenic carrot vaccines at 2 and 4 weeks ante partum, respectively), and group B (conventionally vaccinated according to the manufacturer's instructions). After 7 days of lactation, 5 piglets selected randomly from each group were challenged with $1{\times}10^{10}$ colony forming units/mL ETEC K88ac. Group C had the lowest mean fecal consistency score on post-challenge days 1 and 7. Histiologically, On post-challenge day 7, group C showed an increased duodenum and ileum villus:crypt ratio, compared to group A in the duodenum, with group B displaying the highest ratio. Groups B and C had more increased villus width than group A in the jejunum. Group C displayed the greatest increase in villus width in the ileum. The colostrums and serum from groups B and C displayed higher concentrations of IgA and IgG against ETEC K88, compared to group A. Based on the results, it was concluded that the transgenic carrot vaccine in sow per oral may have an effect on preventing piglet diarrhea as good as commercial recombinant vaccine.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2018

Pigs are considered as optimal donor animal for the successful xenotransplantation. To increase the possibility of clinical application, genetic modification to increase compatibility with human is an important and essential process. Genetic modification technique has been developed and improved to produce genetically modified pigs rapidly. CRISPR/Cas9 system is widely used in various fields including the production of transgenic animals and also can be enable multiple gene modifications. In this study, we developed new gene targeting vector and enrichment system for the rapid and efficient selection of genetically modified cells. We conducted co-transfection with two targeting vectors for simultaneous inactivation of two genes and enrichment of the genetically modified cells using MACS. After this efficient enrichment, genotypic analysis of each colony showed that colonies which have genetic modifications on both genes were confirmed with high efficiency. Somatic cell nuclear transfer was conducted with established donor cells and genetically modified pigs were successfully produced. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of generated pigs showed identical genotypes with donor cells and no surface expression of ${\alpha}$-Gal and HD antigens. Furthermore, functional analysis using pooled human serum revealed dramatically reduction of human natural antibody (IgG and IgM) binding level and natural antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. In conclusion, the constructed vector and enrichment system using MACS used in this study is efficient and useful to generate genetically modified donor cells with multiple genetic alterations and lead to an efficient production of genetically modified pigs.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.87-102
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• 1992

본 연구는 우 casein을 신속, 정확하게 분석할 수 있는 특수 면역효소분석법을 개발하였다. Biotin이 연결된 casein과 peroxidase-conjugated avidin을 사용하였으며 면역화시킨 닭의 난황으로부터 추출한 항체를 이용하여 분석하였다. Sulfo-N-hydroxy succinimido biotin을 사용하여 casein에 biotin을 연결시키고 microplate에 고정한 뒤 peroxidase-conjugated avidin을 결합시켰다. 생산된 항체는 $\alpha$-와 $\beta$-casein에 특이적이었으며, 유청단백질, IgG, 우혈청 알부민과 교차반응은 면역효소분석법과 Western blot에서 나타나지 않았다. 본 분석법의 민감도는 2ng에서 20$\mu\textrm{g}$이었으며 Standard와 시료의 분석시 뚜렷한 평행곡선이 형성되었다. Intra-assay와 Inter-assay의 변이계수는 각각 5.5와 5.7%이었다. 그리고 비유 초기의 casein량을 조사한 결과 분만전 3일경부터 급격히 상승하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 1986

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) using crude and affinity-purified antigens of adult worms of Paragonimus westermani was performed for infected cat sera with different worm burden, from preinfection to 18th week after infection. Crude antigen was used with supernatant of homogenated worms by freezing-thawing method, and the supernate was centrifuged for 1 hour at 10,000 rpm at $4^{\circ}C$. Affinity-purified antigen(antibody-bound antigen) was prepared from fractions(bound and unbound) of crude antigen by affinity chromatography on CNBr-activated sepharose 4B, and IgG as a ligand was prepared from paragonimiasis cat serum(6 months infected) obtained by ammonium sulfate ($40%{\sim}45%$ saturated) precipitation method. By SDS-PAGE, crude antigen showed 22 polypeptide fractions while purified antigen showed 4 fractions: 36, 400, 34, 700, 27, 600 and 11, 500 in molecular weights. All cats were divided into five groups($G_1-G_5$) by different worm burdens. The mean of recovered worms(${\pm}SD$) and the number of cats in each group are as follows: $G_1$, 2 worms(0) and 4 cats; $G_2$, 4.75 (${\pm}0.66$) and eight; $G_3$, 10.75(${\pm}1.92$) and four; $G_4$, 23.20(${\pm}3.43$) and five; $G_5$, 48(${\pm}12.63$) and five cats. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The antibody levels(OD value) increased by worm burden in $G_1$ to $G_4$ generally. However, individual antibody levels were not exactly related with worm burden in all groups, especially there was a wide difference in $G_4$ and $G_5$. These results suggested that the worm burden in $G_4$ (about $20{\sim}30$ worms) is enough to produce antibody maximum in cats of $2{\sim}3kg$ weight. 2. The antibody levels increased significantly(p<0.05) compared to control sera at the 3rd week in $G_1$ and $G_2$, at the 2nd week in $G_3$, and at the 1st week in $G_4$ and $G_5$. Especially in the 4th week, OD value increased more in $G_1$(p<0.01) and in $G_2$ to $G_5$(p<0.001). In the pattern of antibody levels by ELISA in each group, OD in $G_1$ increased to the 18th week continuously, in $G_2$ OD was maintained same after the 16th week, but in $G_3$ it decreased after the 16th week, and it was maintained same in $G_4$ and $G_5$ after the 14th week. 3. The antibody levels by ELISA with the affinity-purified antigen were higher than those with crude antigen in all groups generally. Especially, the difference of OD values between two antigens was larger from the 4th to the 10th week. In $G_1$ and $G_2$ OD with purified antigen was higher than that with crude one to the 18th week. It was also higher in $G_3$ than that with crude antigen to the 16th week and OD of $G_4$ and $G_5$ were higher before the 14th week than that with crude antigen, however became lower at the 16th week. Consequently, the antibody level in ELISA with affinity-purified antigen was more sensitive at the early weeks after infection and in light infection groups than that with crude antigen.