• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.225-231
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• 1997

Purpose: To evaluate the postnatal changes of serum levels of mumps- and rubella-specific IgG antibody in unvaccinated infants, this study was performed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The sera were collected from 103 unvaccinated infants under 15 months of age. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The seropositivities and the levels of mumps specific IgG decreased by ages, 70.6% in month, 50.0% in 2~3 months, 6.7% in 4~5 months and 0% after 6 months of age respectively. 2) The seropositivities of rubella-specific IgG were 58.8 % in 1 month, 70% in 2~3 months, 13.3% in 4~5 months, and 0% after 6 months of ages in unvaccinated infants respectively. 3) The seropositivities and antibody levels of mumps and rubella specific IgG had significantly decreased with age, and there was negative correlation between ages of infants and mumps or rubella-specific IgG levels(correlation coefficient r=-0.500, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The seropositivities of transplacental antibodies of mumps and rubella in unvaccinated infants were 0% after 6 months of age. These transplacental antibodies disappeared earlier age than we had thought.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2017

Purpose: The serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level has been recognized as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, and associated with response of rectal cancer to radiotherapy. This study aimed to identify CEA-interacting proteins in colon cancer cells and observe post-irradiation changes in their expression. Materials and Methods: CEA expression in colon cancer cells was examined by Western blot analysis. Using an anti-CEA antibody or IgG as a negative control, immunoprecipitation was performed in colon cancer cell lysates. CEA and IgG immunoprecipitates were used for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Proteins identified in the CEA immunoprecipitates but not in the IgG immunoprecipitates were selected as CEA-interacting proteins. After radiation treatment, changes in expression of CEA-interacting proteins were monitored by Western blot analysis. Results: CEA expression was higher in SNU-81 cells compared with LoVo cells. The membrane localization of CEA limited the immunoprecipitation results and thus the number of CEA-interacting proteins identified. Only the Ras-related protein Rab-6B and lysozyme C were identified as CEA-interacting proteins in LoVo and SNU-81 cells, respectively. Lysozyme C was detected only in SNU-81, and CEA expression was differently regulated in two cell lines; it was down-regulated in LoVo but up-regulated in SNU-81 in radiation dosage-dependent manner. Conclusion: CEA-mediated radiation response appears to vary, depending on the characteristics of individual cancer cells. The lysozyme C and Rab subfamily proteins may play a role in the link between CEA and tumor response to radiation, although further studies are needed to clarify functional roles of the identified proteins.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 1998

In order to observe the anticellulolytic localization in the epithelia of the digestive tract such as esophagus, crop, and intestine of a Korean land snail N. samarangae, a cytochemical method and a immunogold labelling method were applied. For the cytochemical study on the cellulase activity, Benedict reaction method applied. And for the immunocytochemical study, the rabbit serum immunoglobuins (IgG) was obtained from the rabbits injected with cellulase which was extracted from body fluid of the snail. The digestive tract tissues of N. samarangae were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and 2% OsO4 and embedded in Lowicryl K4M at -40$^{\circ}C$ under UV light (360 nm). The thin sections were loaded on the nickel grids and stained with the serum IgG and protein A-gold complex (particle size: 10 nm). Observations were undertaken with transmission electron microscope (Jeol, JEM-1010). The epithelium of the digestive tract was consisted of five types of cells. In the cytochemical study, the reaction products were found along the periphery of the vacuoles derived from the Bebedict reaction. In the immunocytochemical study, the protein-A gold particles were selectively labelled in Type 1, Type 3 and Type 4 cells in intestinal tissue. membranes of rER, in the surrounding cytoplasm of the rER and secretory granules, and in the apical cytoplasm of the cells. On the material being secreted from the apical cytoplasm was also labelled with the immunogold particles. The all results obtained throughtout present study suggest that the intestinal epithelium of the snail N. samarangae seretes cellulase as one of digestive enzymes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.111-129
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• 2007

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Coicis Semen Herbal-acupuncture solution (CS-HAS) at the Joksamni (ST36) on the collagen-induced arthritis in the DBA/1J mouse. The author performed several experiments to analyze the effects of CS-HAS on arthritis; change of the weight; the spleen size and adhesion rate; serum cytokine levels; serum antibody levels; changes of immunocyte counts; the histological changes of joint. Results : In the Coicis Semen Herbal-acupuncture (CS-HA), arthritis index, the incidence of arthritis, and the degree of joint edema were decreased. In CS-HA, there was no weight loss. The size of the spleen, adhesion rate, and the edema and transformation of joint were lowered. In CS-HA, the levels of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$, IgG, IgM, and anti-collagen II in serum and the levels of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-10 in spleen were significantly decreased. In CS-HA, the expression ratios of $CD45^+$ to $CD3e^+$ and $CD8^+$ to $CD4^+$ were decreased. Also, the overall $CD4^+/CD8^+$ cell ratio was lowered in spleen. Ratios of the $CD4^+/CD25^+$, $CD45^+/CD69^+$ cells were decreased in lymph nodes. In addition, ratios of the $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells were also decreased in synovium. In the histological study, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation, and collagen fiber destruction were decreased with CS-HA treated group. Conclusions : From the results mentioned above, it is suggested that CS-HA at the ST36 has several significant effects on the collagen-induced arthritis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 2004

Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Immunoglobulins (Igs) were purified from the serum of mouse IgG-immunized flounder by using affinity chromatography. Under denaturing conditions in SDS-PAGE, the flounder Igs appeared to be composed of 2 heavy (H) chains (72 and 77 kDa) and two light (L) chains (26 and 28 kDa). Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced by the fusion of myeloma cells (SP2/0) with Balb/c mouse spleen cells that were previously sensitized against affinity-purified flounder Igs. In a Western blot analysis, the produced MAbs, FIM511, FIM519, and FIM562 recognized both the 72 and 77 kDa H chains, 26 kDa, and 28 kDa L chain, respectively. Mouse antiserum against flounder Igs reacted more strongly with the L chain of 28 kDa than with 26 kDa, suggesting that the 28 kDa molecule is more immunogenic than the 26 kDa L chain molecule. In a FACS analysis, the ratios of the Ig+ cell population in the flounder head kidney and spleen cells were 49% and 24%, respectively. Unexpectedly, however, the ratios of the Ig+ B-like cell population in the flounder were not significantly augmented, even after the immunization of an immunogenic antigen. This suggests that the humoral immune response in fish could be considerably different from that in mammals. The produced MAbs in this study would be useful in characterizing flounder Ig+ B-like cells and in developing flounder Ig detecting an immunoassay system.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2012

Rats were administered zearalenone (ZEA) via gavage at dosages of 0, 1, 5, and 30 mg/kg for 36 days. On treatment day 8, inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccine (Vac) was injected intraperitoneally. Antibody production against porcine parvovirus was then measured as a function of ZEA treatment. Compared to the vaccine alone, ZEA treatment, with or without Vac, decreased the serum level of IgG. The level of IgM decreased in all ZEA groups at day 22, but the decrease was sustained only in the medium-dose ZEA group at day 36. The level of IgA was unchanged in the Vac only and ZEA groups at day 22, but was decreased in the 5 mg/kg ZEA plus Vac group compared to the Vac only group at day 36. The level of IgE was decreased by all doses of ZEA at day 22, but was unaffected in ZEA plus Vac groups compared to the Vac only group. The levels of IL-1 in the thymus and spleen; INF-${\gamma}$ in serum; IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 in the thymus; and IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in the spleen decreased after ZEA administration. Furthermore, the levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node, IL-$1{\beta}$ in the thymus, IL-2 in the thymus and spleen, IL-6 in the thymus, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in the spleen, and GM-CSF and TNF-${\alpha}$ in the thymus decreased after vaccination in rats exposed to ZEA. In conclusion, these results suggest that ZEA exposure via drinking water can cause an immunosuppressive effect by decreasing immunoglobulins in serum and cytokines in lymphoid organs.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.478-482
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• 1993

Perfusion culture was conducted in Celligen perfusion culture system using a self-constructed hybridoma cell and low serum medium. The culture system employed hollow fiber to separate cells from the culture broth. Maximum cell density of $2.1\times10^7$ ce11s/m1, 10 times higher than in batch culture, could be achieved. Concentration of monoclonal antibody (MAb) was 4 times higher and production rate at maximum feed rate was 9 times higher than in batch culture. Glucose concentration was very important for the cell growth and MAb production. When glucose concentration was below 1g/l, i. e. 0.5~0.9g/l, specific MAb production rate decreased but cell concentration still increased. As the glucose concentration goes above 1g/l, specific MAb production rate increased and remained at maximum value at more than 1.5g glucose/l. The maximum value of the specific Mab production rate was similar to that of batch culture.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1994

In order to produce a specific bombesin antiserum far very sensitive radioimmunoassay, synthetic $[lys^3]-bombesin$ conjugated to bovine serum albumin was subcutaneously injected into guinea pigs. The conjugation was performed using either carbodiimide or gIutaraldehyde as a coupling agent. The antisera were characterized by analysis of Scatchard and Sips plots. The antiserum LBE 2G/2 raised by repeat injection of the immunogen conjugated with carbodiimide showed the titer of 1 : 188,000, very low cross-reactivity to bombesin-like peptides except bombesin, with high affinity constant $(1.64{\times}10^{11}\;M^{-1})$ and high heterogeneity index (0.91). The antiserum LBG 1G/2 produced by repeat injection of the immunogen conjugated with glutaraldehyde possessed the titer of 1 : 43,000, high cross-reactivity to some bombesin-like peptides, high affinity constant $(1.19{\times}10^{11}\;M^{-1})$ and high heterogeneity index (0.79). These results indicate that the antiserum LBE 2G/2 is specific only to bombesin and that the antiserum LBG IG/2 binds to some bombesin-like peptides such as alytesin, gastrin releasing peptide and neuromedin C. The antiserum LBE 2G/2 is sufficient for the very sensitive radioimmunoassay of bombesin.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2012

Purpose: Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits have been considered less reliable for children than for adults. The aim of this study was to compare four ELISA kits and in-house immunoblotting based on the analysis of anti-H. pylori-IgG antibody reactivity. Methods: A total of 399 serum samples were collected at the GNU Hospital during 1998-1999. All sera were tested using ELISA and immunoblotting. Statistically significant differences were determined by the $x^2$ test. Results: The overall seropositivity rates using GAP IgG, Genedia IgG, HM-CAP, Pyloriset EIA-G, and immunoblotting were 13.0%, 25.1%, 18.3%, 15.8%, and 62.9%, respectively. Immunoblotting showed a higher seropositivity rate than did all four ELISA kits in all age groups. Genedia IgG had the highest seropositivity among the ELISA kits. The seropositivity rate for children aged 13 to 18 months was lowest, and that of children aged 15 years was highest (90.0%). The seropositivity rate for children aged 7 months to 5 years was significantly lower than that for children aged 6 to 15 years among the four ELISA kits (p<0.0001) and immunoblotting (p=0.02). Conclusion: Immunoblotting is the most sensitive test for detection of anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies among the serological tests in this study. These results emphasize the need for standardization when commercial ELISA tests are used in different nations or in young age groups. Immunoblotting could be a suitable noninvasive assay for serodiagnosis and seroepidemiologic study of H. pylori infection in Korean children.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.408-419
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• 2016

Background: In recent years, adjuvants have received increasing attention owing to the development of purified subunit and synthetic vaccines which are poor immunogens and require additional adjuvants to evoke an immune response. Therefore, immunologic adjuvants have been developed and tested. Plant polysaccharides have been recognized as effective biological response modifiers with low toxicity. Methods and Results: In this study, the polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge containing immunomodulating arabino-3,6-galactan was evaluated for its hemolytic activity and adjuvant potential in the specific cellular and humoral immune responses to ovalbumin. The polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge was co-immunized with the purified Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi vaccine in mice. The polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge did not induce any hemolytic activity or side effects at doses up to $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The concanavalin A-, lipopolysaccharide-, and ovalbumin-induced splenocyte proliferation and serum ovalbumin-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibody titers in immunized mice were significantly enhanced by AMA. Pharmacological data revealed that the polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge increased antigen-specific antibody levels in immunized mice. The polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge-adjuvanted purified Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi vaccine improved the proliferation of splenocytes and macrophages as well as stimulated cytokine production. Conclusions: These results suggest that the polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge-adjuvanted vaccines enhanced humoral and cellular immunity and that the polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge is a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate suitable for use in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.