• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.3_spc
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• pp.449-456
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• 2021

Objective: Seaweeds could be an alternative and functional feed resource. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Sargassum meal on laying performance and egg quality of layers. Methods: Two hundred 36-wk-old layers were divided into five treatment groups. Each treatment had four replicates with 10 hens per experimental unit. The corn-soybean meal basal diet was formulated as control group. Sargassum meals were included 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, or 5% to diets for five treatment groups, respectively. Treatment groups were isocaloric-isonitrogenous diets. Laying performance and egg quality were measured for eight weeks. Results: Sargassum meal supplementation did not affect daily feed intake. Supplementation 1% to 3% of Sargassum meal in diets increased daily laying rate and egg mass compared with those from control group (p<0.05). Egg qualities among five groups were all similar. Supplementation of 3% Sargassum meal increased the lightness of egg yolk (p<0.05). Eggs produced from layers fed 1% and 2% Sargassum meal had a higher consumer's acceptability than the control group (p<0.05). In blood characteristics, contents of glucose, nitrogen, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) increased as the increase of supplementation ratio of Sargassum meal (p<0.05). In serum antibody titers, supplementation of 2% Sargassum meal stimulated a higher immunoglobulin M (IgM) level than that from control group (p<0.05). However, IgM content of layers fed diets with Sargassum meal ≥3% were decreased (p<0.05). There was no difference in IgA and IgG titers among groups. Conclusion: Supplementation of 1% to 3% Sargassum meal has shown to increase egg laying rate and egg mass of Leghorn layers. However, high supplementation (5%) would negatively affect laying performance. In consideration of laying performance, egg quality, consumer responses, and blood antibody, supplementation of Sargassum meal was suggested 2% in the diet for layers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.405-411
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• 2007

Gal-13 is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from chicken intestine. Ninety chickens were randomly divided into two groups (45 chickens for each group) to determine the effect of oral administration of Gal-13 on the acquired immune response. The chickens in the first group were fed a diet without Gal-13 as the control, and the chickens in the second group were fed the same diet, except that Gal-13 ($1{\mu}g/ml$) was suspended in drinking water just after hatching. Samples of blood, thymus, bursa of fabricius and spleen were taken at day 1, 4, 7, 10 and 17. The chickens in both groups received infectious bursal disease virus vaccine at day 20, and then sera samples were collected for analysis at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after vaccination. The results showed: (1) Gal-13 could enhance the content of immunoglobulin (Ig)G at the age of 4 to10 days (p<0.05) and IgM at the age of 4 and 10 days (p<0.05) in the serum; (2) In vitro experiments showed that Gal-13 (0.625-1.250${\mu}g/ml$) enhanced the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the chickens stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavlin A (ConA). Compared to the control, Gal-13 (1 ${\mu}g/ml$) enhanced the proliferation of bursa lymphocytes at 17 days of age (p<0.01) and thymus lymphocytes at 7 days of age (p<0.01), but restrained lymphocyte proliferation in chicken spleen and differed significantly at day 10 (p<0.01); (3) Gal-13 enhanced infectious bursal disease virus antibody in sera of chickens 21 days after infectious bursal disease virus vaccine administration (p<0.05). These results suggested that Gal-13 could modulate adaptive immune responses of chickens.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 1994

A competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was developed to detect and quantify levels of the fungicide metalaxyl in crops. Antiserum against metalaxyl was demonstrated in rabbits immunized with metalaxyl-human serum albumin(HSA) conjugate. Metalaxyl-protein conjugate was prepared by mixed anhydride and peptide coupling method with EDC. In this assay, metalaxyl-ovalbumin(OA) was $coated(8{\mu}g/ml)$ on the microtiter plate, which was incubated for 1 hr at $4^{\circ}C$ or 4 hr at $37^{\circ}C$ with diluted antiserum(1:2,000). The optimum volume ratio of antigen and antibody mixture was 0.5: 1, which was incubated for 1 hr at $20^{\circ}C$. The detection of metalaxyl bound on the surface of wells was determined by the reaction(30 min) of antirabbit Ig G-peroxidase conjugate with its substrate.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.670-676
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• 2001

Effect of the butanol fraction of Astragali Radix (BFAR) on the humoral immune response were investigated in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups and BFAR at doses of 5,25 and 125 mg/kg were administered orally to mice daily for 3 weeks, and the normal animals were given vehicle. The results of this study are summarized as follows; the relative weight of spleen was markedly increased by BFAR treatment, compared with that in normal mice. However, the body weight gain and the relative weight of liver were not affected. Splenic plaque forming cells and hemagglutination titers to sheep red blood cells, and the secondary IgG antibody response to bovine serum albumin were also dose-dependently enhanced by BFAR treatment. In these mice, BFAR did not increase serum alanine aminotransferase total protein, sect albumin and albumin/globulin ratio when compared with those in normal mice. Thus, these findings indicate that BFAR significantly enhances humoral immune response to antigen in concentrations that do not affected liver function.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.309-321
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• 1987

For the investigation of microbiological and immunological specificity of Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides gingivalis were isolated, enumerated and characterized from 13 Korean rapidly progressive periodontitis and 7 healthy control by anaerobic culture technique. The total proportion of black-pigmented Bacteroides from Korean R.P.P. patients and healthy control were 8.78% and 0.92%, respectively, among total isolated black-pigmented Bacteroides. In antibiotic susceptibility test, Bacteroides gingivalis isolated from R.P.P. patients were sensitive to Ampicillin and Tetracycline, and resistant to Gentamicin and Erythromycin in disc diffusion method. In antibiotic broth dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) to Bacteroides gingivalis was 2 unit/ml of Penicillin and $0.25{\sim}1{\mu}g/ml$ of Tetracycline, respectively. The concentration of serum IgG in rapidly progressive periodontitis patients were sigificantly higher than that of healthy control, and concentration of diluted gingival crevicular IgG has not any significant differences between two groups. Serum and gingival crevicular IgG antibody to Bacteroides gingivalis were significantly higher titer in rapidly progressive periodontitis patients to compare with healthy control. The lipopolysaccharide profiles of 2 Korean B. gingivalis in silver stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were similar to type strains of B. gingivalis and typical LPS band were appeared around the 24-Kd molecular weight. Immunodiffusion test and immunoelectrophoresis of the L.P.S. extracted from 2 Korean B. gingivalis and 2 kinds of type strains of B. gingivalis showed that B. gingivalis Korean-1 was reacted identically to B. gingivalis ATCC 33277. In trypsin and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity test of 2 Korean B. gingivalis, both of them revealed positive trypsin and negative ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity, respectively. These investigation suggested that B. gingivalis is important pathogenic plaque bacteria for the pathogenesis of periodontitis and further study is needed to purify and characterize of the species-specific antigens of this organisms to develop monoclonal antibody and potential diagnostic reagents.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 1992

Sensitivity of anti-Texoplasma antibody (IgG) test by enzyme·linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated in comparison with indirect laten agglutination (ILA) using 2,016 paired human samples of serum and cerebrospinal quid (CSF) . The samples were collected from neurologic patients in Korea with mass lesions in central nervous system(CNS) as revealed by imaging diagnosis(CTIMRI). When the sera were screened for anti-Toxoplasma antibody by ILA, 76 cases (3.8%) were positive (1:32 or higher titers). In the pairs samples of CSF, no positive reactions were observed. When ELISA was performed using PBS extract of Percoll purified tachysoites as antigen, cut-off absorbance was determined as 0.40 for serum and 0.27 for CSF tests. The antibody positive rates by ELISA were 7.0% in serum and 5.6% in CSF Of them, 40 cases(2.0%) showed positive reactions in both serum and CSF, The antibody positive rates were higher in groups older than 40 years, The rates were higher in male(4.7% by ILA, 8.3% by ELISA) than in female(2.2% by ILA, 5.0% by ELISA). The rates in CSF showed no such sex difference. ELISA showed twice higher positive rates when serum was tested, and was sensitive enough to detect specific antibodies in CSF. Etiologic relations between positive antibody tests and CNS lesions remained unknown.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1990

Lectin related inducer can enhance IgG$_1$ production rate from murine hybridoma cells by employing step-feeding of serum free media with producing about 40 mg/$\ell$ of monoclonal antibodies. This step-feeding perfusion process also proves to be able to cutivate animal cells when serum free media can not support the growth of these cells in perfusion process, as well as to improve production rate. This process yields about 28 x 10$^{-10}$ mg of MAb/cells/h compared to 11.1 x 10$^{-10}$ and 4.0 x 10$^{-11}$ mg/cells/h for perfusion process and batch cultivation with 10% serum containing media, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2023

Despite regular vaccinations, equine influenza virus (EIV) and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (strangles) are the cause of highly contagious respiratory infections in horses. Many recent studies have reported that the concurrent administration of two vaccines could simplify horse management and minimize veterinary expenses. However, there is little information available regarding the efficacy of concurrent vaccinations against EIV and strangles. In this study, we evaluated EIV-specific antibody responses following the single EIV vaccination with the recombinant viral-vectored EIV vaccine or concurrent vaccination with the EIV and inactivated strangles vaccines. Blood samples were collected at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8 weeks post-immunization (wpi) from each group. EIV-specific antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Both single and concurrent vaccination showed similar levels of EIV-specific serum immunoglobulin g (IgG) at 1 and 2 wpi. However, at 4 to 8 wpi, the EIV-only vaccination group showed significantly higher serum IgG levels than those from the concurrently vaccinated group. The HAI titers showed similar trends as the ELISA data, except at 8 wpi when both groups presented HAI titers with no significant differences. These data demonstrate that the concurrent vaccination against EIV and strangles could compromise the humoral immune response to equine influenza between vaccination intervals, which suggests the use of the consecutive vaccination protocol for EIV and strangles rather than concurrent vaccination.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.925-934
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• 1997

This study was directed at inducing the production of antibodies by immunizing heifers with bovine sperm antigen and on measuring the serum antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA) and agglutination test. The effect of antisperm antibodies on fertilizing capacity of bovine spermatozoa was evaluated. 1. Three heifers between 12- and 15- month old were immunized with bovine spermatozoa or phosphate-buffered saline. In heifers immunized with bovine spermatozoa serum IgG level was highest between 3 weeks and 5 weeks postimmunization detected by IFA. The antibody levels persisted through week 7 and slowly declined until week 20 and then antisperm antibodies were localized on spermatozoa. The fluorescent antisperm antibodies were detected at 2~20 weeks and at 6~9 weeks postinoculation on acrosome and tail, respectively. Among 21 sera from repeat breeder cows, only one cow has shown positive antisperm antibody response detected by IFA. 2. In spite of vital rate of bovine sperm after swim-up was not significantly affected by different concentration of antisperm antibodies in sera, the numbers of bovine sperm after swim-up were significantly reduced in proportion to the increased concentration of antibodies. Above 1/512 dilution of antibody neither influence on vital rate and numbers of bovine sperm nor sperm agglutination after swim-up. The study has also shown that the vital rate and number of sperm after swim-up and capacitation were also significantly reduced by the addition of antisperm antibodies. Although antisperm antibodies did not influence on the acrosome reaction rate of sperm during swim-up, did significantly reduce the sperm acrosome reaction rate after capacitation. The studies have resulted that the bovine antisperm antibodies can prevent the sperm motility by agglutination and block the capacitation and acrosome reaction of bovine sperm.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 1991

Antibody changes in experimental anisakiasis were observed by ELlSA and SDS-PAGE/EITB using various antigens : whole worm extract antigen(WWE), somatic antigen(SOM), excretory-secretory antign(ES), and hemoglobin antigen(HB) of Anisakis Type 1. The results obtained were as follows. l) Serum levels of IgG antibody by ELISA increased from 1st week of infection and reached their maximum titer at 5th week after infection, and decreased gradually thereafter. 2) The best result expressed as positive/negative ratio could be obtained when ES antigen was used. 3) Silver stained SDS-PAGE of each antigen showed at least 20 protein bands : In WWE, 286, 278, 262, 38, 18 Kd bands ; In SOM, 38 Kd band : In ES, 286, 65, 13 Kd bands ; In Hb, 61, 55, 38, 28, 26, 22, 20, 16, 15 Kd bands iepntibied as were major bands. 4) By EITB using WWE, Serum antibody recognized major protein with molecular weight of 86 Kd and 16 Kd. Using ES, 69, 59, 16 Kd bands were observed and using Hb, 28 Kd band was observed as specific band. In conclusion, excretory-secretory antigen(ES) of Anisakis larvae was most usable for ELISA.