• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2000

본 연구는 콘택트렌즈를 사용하는 사람들을 대상으로 렌즈 보존케이스의 위생상태를 조사하기 위해 마산의 N 안경원을 내원한 고객을 대상으로 사용실태에 대한 교환한 보존케이스의 세균검출여부를 실험을 통한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 보존케이스소독방법은 15~19세는 식염수(43.6%), 20~24세도 식염수(33.3%), 25세 이상은 끓는물(26.3%)이 가장 많이 사용하는 방법으로 나타났고(p< .001), 신분별로는 학생은 식염수, 전문보존용액, 하지않는다 순이었고 일반인은 식염수, 끓는물, 하지않는다 순이었다(p< .001). 2) 보존케이스세척액종류는 주로 식염수를 많이 사용하고 있었으며 특히, 경제수준별로는 가장 많이 이용하는 식염수가 상에서는 85.7%, 중에서는 48.0%, 하에서는 44.4%로 나타났다(p< .01). 3) 보존케이스보존액종류는 신분별로 학생은 전문보존용액이 74.6%, 식염수가 25.4%였고 일반인은 전문보존용액이 64.2%, 식염수 32.1%, 생수와 수돗물이 각각 1.9% 순이었다(p< .05). 4) 보존케이스 총 70개 중 66개(94.3%)에서 박테리아가 검출되었고 33개(47.1%)의 보존케이스에서 Serratia marcescens가 분리되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2002

중합도 n$\leq$10을 갖는 N-아세틸-D-글루코사민(GlcNAc)을 미생물 Serratia marcesce-ns QM B14f6의 최소배지 회분식 발효를 이용하여 키틴 및 키토산을 분해하는 효소 키티나제(1.5 unit/mL) [키토바이아제(3.48 unit/mL)가 포함됨]를 생성시킨다. 효소 반응에 의한 키토올리고당의 생성 활성을 규명하기 위하여 부분적으로 탈아세틸화된 키토산을 효소적 가수분해 반응시킴으로써 생성된 N-아세틸-D-글루코사민과 D-글루코사민의 키토올리고당의 생성 패턴을 확인 조사한다. 이 혼합 올리고머로부터 CM-Sephadex의 컬럼 크로마토그래피에 의하여 당별로 분획시켜 추출한 헤테로 키토 올리고당들을 각각 N-아세틸화하고 이 최종 생성물을 전기투석 장치로서 정제하여 키토올리고 1-7당을 제조하였다. 부분적으로 탈아세틸화 키토산(환원당으로서 2697 mg/mL)을 효소반응에 의해 생성시킨 키토올리고당은 1당으로서 GlcNAc=4.25%, 2당 $(GlcNAc)_2$=4.49%, 3당 $(GlcNAc)_3$=11.1%, 4당 $(GlcNAc)_4$=2.5%, 5당 $(GlcNAc)_{5}$ =0.64%, 6당$(GlcNAc)_{6}$=2.12%, 7당 $(GlcNAc)_{7}$=1.21%가 각각 제조되었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2009

동중국해 해양퇴적층에서 다량의 적색색소를 생산하는 해양미생물을 분리하였다. 분리균주의 분류학적 특성의 확인을 위해 형태학적, 생리학적, 생화학적 특성, 세포지방산 분석, 16S rDNA 염기서열을 이용한 분자 계통학적 분석을 통해 분류학적 위치를 탐색하였다. 분자 계통학적 분석 결과 Zooshikella 속에 포함되는 것으로 확인되었고 Zooshikella ganghwensis KCTC $12044^T$ (AY130994)와 99.79%의 가장 높은 유사도를 보였다. 분리균주는 그람음성의 간균으로 호기성 및 NaCl 의존적인 배양특성을 보였다. 세포 지방산 분석결과 type strain과 주요 지방산 조성이 유사하였으며 이러한 특성을 종합하여 Zooshikella sp. JE-34로 동정하였다. JE-34가 생산하는 적색색소는 이미 보고되어 널리 알려진 Serratia marcescens에서 생산되는 적색색소인 prodigiosin의 특성과 유사하였다. 색소물질의 인체병원균 및 어류질병 유발세균에 대한 항균활성을 검토한 결과 18종의 피검균 중 특히 Streptococcus iniae, S. parauberis, S. mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes에 대한 항균활성이 우수하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 병원 감염의 주요 원인균으로 생물막 관련 감염증에서 흔히 분리되고 있는 Citrobacter, Enterobacter 및 Serratia 등의 임상분리 장내세균 22주를 대상으로 생물막 형성능을 조사하고, 생물막의 세포외 바탕질의 구성 성분을 알아보기 위하여 Congo-red 한천배지상의 집락 형상과 calcofluor 염색을 시행하였다. 또한 curli 생성 오페론인 csgBA(C) 유전자의 유무 확인과 csgA 유전자의 염기서열을 규명하였다. $37^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 배양 후 생물막 형성능 분석에서는 2주의 S. marcescens를 제외한 나머지 20주는 모두 생물막 형성능이 있는 것으로, $28^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 배양 후 분석에서는 22주 모두 생물막 형성능이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. Congo-red 한천배지에서의 균집락 형상을 조사한 결과 균속에 따라서 균 집락의 표현형상이 다르게 나타났으며, 동일 균속내에서도 균 집락의 표현형상과 색 농도의 차이가 관찰되어 세포외 바탕질의 주요 성분 및 생성량의 차이가 있음을 시사하였다. 1주의 C. freundii와 4주의 E. cloacae에서 csgBA(C) 유전자 양성을 나타내었다. 염기서열 분석결과, E. cloacae의 csgA는 E. coli의 csgA와 80.9%, E. sakazakii의 csgA와 75.7%, 그리고 C. freundii의 csgA와 67.8%의 상동성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. E. cloacae의 경우 Congo-red 염색의 결과와 curli 유전자 검색 결과가 일치하였을 뿐만 아니라, csgA 유전자를 보유하지 않은 균주의 생물막 형성능이 csgA 유전자를 보유한 균주에 비해 현저하게 낮은 것으로 나타나, curli가 E. cloacae의 생물막 세포외 바탕질 구성성분의 주요 요소일 것으로 추정되었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2012

Recently, the prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase conferring high-level resistance to aminoglycosides has been increasing in Gram-negative bacilli globally. We determined the prevalence and genotype of these methylase-producing bacteria, and characterized the co-resistance to ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotics and quinolone in Gram-negative clinical isolates collected in 2010 at a hospital in Korea. Among 65 amikacin-resistant isolates screened from 864 Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), 16S rRNA methylase genes were detected from 49 isolates, including Acinetobacter baumannii (43), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), Proteus mirabilis (2) and Serratia marcescens (1), Empedobacter brevis (1). All of the 16S rRNA methylase genotype was armA and no variant sequences of amplified PCR products for armA were noted. The 16S rRNA methylase producing bacteria showed much higher resistance to aminoglycoside for Enterobacteriaceae and glucose non-fermenting (NF)-GNB and to imipenem for glucose NF-GNB, than the non-producing isolates. All of the 16S rRNA methylase producing Enterobacteriaceae had the extended-spectrum-${\beta}$-lactamase. In addition, two K. pneumoniae concurrently produced both plasmid-mediated AmpC ${\beta}$-lactamase and qnrB gene. All of the amikacin-resistant A. baumannii (43) co-harbored armA 16S rRNA methylase and $bla_{OXA-23}$ carbapenemase. In conclusion, 16S rRNA methylase producing bacteria were very prevalent among GNB in South Korea, and were commonly associated with co-resistance, including carbapenem and quinolone.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of alcohol gel according to the amount and drying time in health personnel hand hygiene and to promote in their practice adequate and effective hand hygiene. Methods: The crossover experimental study was performed with 14 volunteers. Hands were artificially contaminated with 5 mL of $10^8$ CFU/mL of Serratia marcescens (ATCC 14756) and four different alcohol gel hand hygiene methods varying by the amount of alcohol gel (2 mL vs. 1 mL) and drying time (complete vs. incomplete) were compared. Samples were collected by glove juice sampling procedures. Results: Mean log reduction values of the four different hand hygiene methods were $2.22{\pm}0.36$, $1.26{\pm}0.53$, $1.49{\pm}0.60$, $0.89{\pm}0.47$ respectively for the 4 groups: adequate amount (2mL) and complete dry (30 seconds rubbing followed by 2 min air-dry), inadequate amount (1 mL) and complete dry, adequate amount and incomplete dry (15 seconds rubbing and no air-dry), and inadequate amount and incomplete dry. The difference was statistically significant in the adequate amount and complete dry group compared to other three groups (p<.001). Conclusion: Only alcohol gel hand hygiene with adequate amount and complete drying was satisfactory by U.S. FDA-TFM efficacy requirements for antiseptic hand hygiene products.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2015

Beetles Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis Kolbe (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) and Allomyrina dichotoma Linn. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are widely used in traditional medicine, and the number of insect-rearing farms is increasing in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to establish a multiplex PCR-based assay for rapid simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens causing insect diseases. Six insect parasites such as fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula (Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae), and Serratia marcescens Bizio (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), and Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus were chosen based on the severity and incidence rate of insect diseases in South Korea. Pathogen-specific primers were designed and successfully applied for simultaneous detection of multiple infectious agents in farm-bred insects P. b. seulensis and A. dichotoma using multiplex PCR and high resolution capillary electrophoresis. Our results indicate that multiplex PCR is an effective and time-saving method for simultaneous detection of multiple infections in insects, and the QIAxcel capillary electrophoresis system is useful for quantitative evaluation of the individual impact of each infectious agent on the severity of insect disease. The approach designed in this study can be utilized for rapid and accurate diagnostics of infection in insect farms.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of the aspiration trap method for collection of sputum by comparing with the conventional method which was collecting specimens at canular cap swab. In this study, the author tested by two methods to collect specimens from 46 patients who were cared with tracheostomy and intubation at the intensive care unit of an university hospital in Pusan, and investigated the incidence of the lower respiratory tract infection, the consistency between the two methods, the level of specimen contamination. Major results were as follows: Among the patients, 35 were cared with tracheostomy and 11 were cared with intubation. In clinical diagnosis we were classified the subjects in to two group, 17 of pneumonia group and 29 of non-pneumonia group. A total of 247 strains were isolated. Among them, most three strains were Serratia marcescens (62 strains; 25.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (52 strains; 21.1%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (19 strains; 7.8%). Out of total, 188 (76.1%) strains were Gram negative bacilli. The isolated strains by the aspiration trap method were the average 2.1 strains, but by the canular cap swab method were 1.6 strains. In spite of the high contaminated possibility from the incision site and the oral cavity swab, the low isolated rates of the canular cap may be the dried environment of the canular of cap area. But the contamination rates were 57.2% of the canular cap, 51.5% of the oral swab and 50.5% of the incision site swab, respectively. The consistency of predominant microorganisms according to collection method were 86.7% of aspiration, 78.3% of canular, 74.3% of incision, and 63.6% of oral. In conclusion, the aspiration trap method fur the sputum collection from the patients with intubation of tracheostomy showed the lower contamination rate of the specimens and it was helpful for rapid, accurated interpretation of the lower respiratory tract infection and hospital infection.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.722-726
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• 2010

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an uncommon inherited disorder caused by mutations in any of the genes encoding subunits of the superoxide-generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase system, which is essential for killing catalase producing bacteria and fungi, such as $Aspergillus$ species, $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$, $Serratia$ $marcescens$, $Nocardia$ species and $Burkholderia$ $cepacia$. In case of a history of recurrent or persistent infections, immune deficiency should be investigated. Particularly, in the case of uncommon infections such as aspergillosis in early life, CGD should be considered. We describe here a case of CGD that presented with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a 2-month-old girl. We confirmed pulmonary aspergillosis noninvasively through a positive result from the culture of bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, positive serological test for $Aspergillus$ antigen and radiology results. She was successfully treated with Amphotericin B and recombinant IFN-${\gamma}$ initially. Six weeks later after discharge, she was readmitted for pneumonia. Since there were infiltrates on the right lower lung, which were considered as residual lesions, voriconazole therapy was initiated. She showed a favorable response to the treatment and follow-up CT showed regression of the pulmonary infiltrates.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2000

Chitin synthases are identified as key enzymes of chitin biosynthesis in most of the fungi. Among them, chitin synthase II has been reported to be and essential enzyme in chitin biosynthesis, and exists as a membrane-bound form. To search and screen new antifungal agents from natural resources to inhibit chitin synthase II, the assay conditions were established using the enzyme isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae ECY38-38A(pAS6) that overproduces only chitin synthase II. This enzyme was activated only by partial proteolysis with trypsin. Its actibity reached the maximum at $80{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ of trypsin and was strongly stimulated by 2.0 mM $Co^{2+}$, 1.0 nM UDP-[$^{14}C$]-GicNAc, and 32 mM free-GlcNAc. Under these assay conditions, the highest chitin synthase II activity was observed by incubation at $30^{\circ}C$ for 90 min. However, and extremely narrow range of organic solvents up to as much as 25% of DMSO and 25% of MeOH was useful for determining optimal assay conditions. After a search or potent inhibitors of chitin synthase II from natural resources, prodigiosin was isolated from Serratia marcescens and purified by solvent extration and silica gel column chromatographies. The structure of prodigiosin was determined by UV, IR, Mass spectral, and NMR spectral analyses. Its molecular weight and formula were found to be 323 and $C_{20}H_{25}N_{3}O$, respectively. Prodigiosin ingibited chitin synthase II by 50% at the concentration of $115{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$.