• 대한미생물학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.393-402
• /
• 1987

The halophilic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus, previously called lactose-positive(L+) Vibrio and Beneckea vulnifica, causes acute, fulminating wound infections and septicemia in humans. Septicemia is very serious infection with a fatality rate of about 50%. Most patients with primary septicemia due to V. vulnificus have preexisting liver disease. V. vulnificus also cause severe wound infections usually after trauma and exposure to marine animals or the marine environment. The mortality rate is not nearly as high as in primary septicemia caused by this organism. In most cases human disease results from ingestion of contaminated seafood or from infection of a wound, frequently of seawater or crab origin. The author made an attempt to isolation of the V vulnificus from seawater, seamud, fish, shellfish, and algae on the southern sea of Korea from January to September in 1987, using for the purpose of vaccine preparation. The author investigated for bacteriological identification, hemolysis and determination of serotypes of isolated V. vulnificus strains. Eighty-five strains(5.9%) out of 1450 specimens collected of V. vulnificus were isolated. The distribution of the 85 isolates were as follows: 21 strains from seawater, 11 strains from seamud, 28 strains from fish, 19 strains from shellfish, and 6 strains from algae, respectively. All 85 isolates were positive reaction on human blood agar. The distribution of serotypes of V. vulnificus isolates were O1 to O8: 13 strains of O1, 6 strains of O2, 11 strains of O3, 9 strains of O4, 10 strains of O5, 7 strains of O6, 15 strains of O7, and 10 strains of O8, respectively. Eighty-one strains showed agglutination with O antisera, but 4 strains failed to show agglutination. In this study, the author suspected that serotypes of V. vulnificus isolates distributed also in the seaside of Korea as well as in most seaside of the world, and new serotypes were in existence in the seaside of Korea except reported up to now.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.139-153
• /
• 1996

Porcine E coli infection is a disease caused by Enterotoxin produced by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC). Enteric colibacillosis has become an economically important disease in pigs as a result of increasing intensification of farrowing management. The present study undertaken to obtain the antibiotic sensitivity and distribution of serogroups and pili producibility test of ETEC from E. coli isolates in Chonnam. The results obtained were as follows. 1. A total of 71 isolates identified as E, coli employing IMViC system from rectal specimens of 54 piglets with diarrhea. 2. In antibiotic sensitivity test, isolates showed high sensitivity to AN, CM, Fox, GM, but resistance to EM, NA TC. 3. The distribution of 25 Isolates of serogroups were 0141:K85(11.3%), 08:K87(8.5%), 064:K (5.6%), 0138:K8l (4.2%), 0139 :K82(2.8%), 0157:K88ac(1.4%) and 0149:K9l (1.4%). 4. MRHA of guinea pig erythrocytes was detected in 8 out of 25OK serotypes and 9 out of 46 unidentified serotypes. MRHA titers of serotypes showed from 64 to 128 in 0141: K85, 2 in 0138:K8l and no titers in 0139:K82. 5. The production of heat labile enterotoxin of ETEC was detect 39 out of 52 isolates showed $\beta$-hemolysin, 7 out of 52 isolates showed ${\gamma}$-hemolysin and 6 out of 52 isolates showed ${\gamma}$-hemolysin by $GM_1$ganglioside ELISA. The distribution of LT toxin were in 12 isolate showed $\beta$-hemolysin, 2 isolates showed ${\alpha}$-hemolysin and 3 isolates showed ${\gamma}$-hemolysin in 25 OK serotypes.

• Infection and chemotherapy
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.328-339
• /
• 2018

Background: Pneumococcal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in patients with comorbidities and advanced age. This study evaluated trends in epidemiology of adult pneumococcal disease in Crete, Greece, by identifying serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of consecutive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from adults during an 8-year time period (2009-2016) and the indirect effect of the infant pneumococcal higher-valent conjugate vaccines 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by E-test and serotyping by Quellung reaction. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as non-susceptibility to penicillin (PNSP) combined with resistance to ${\geq}2$ non-${\beta}$-lactam antimicrobials. Results: A total of 135 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from adults during the study period. Twenty-one serotypes were identified with 17F, 15A, 3, 19A, and 11A, being the most common. The coverage rates of PCV10, and PCV13 were 17.8% and 37.8%, respectively. PCV13 serotypes decreased significantly from 68.4% in 2009 to 8.3% in 2016 (P = 0.002). The most important emerging non-PCV13 serotypes were 17F, 15A, and 11A, with 15A being strongly associated with antimicrobial resistance and MDR. Among all study isolates, penicillin-resistant and MDR strains represented 7.4% and 14.1%, respectively. Predominant PNSP serotypes were 19A (21.7%), 11A (17.4%), and 15A (17.4%). Erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin resistant rates were 30.4%, 15.6%, 16.3%, 16.3%, and 1.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Although pneumococcal disease continues to be a health burden in adults in Crete, our study reveals a herd protection effect of the infant pneumococcal higher-valent conjugate vaccination. Surveillance of changes in serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance among pneumococcal isolates are necessary to guide optimal prevention and treatment strategies.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2013

목 적 : 폐구균 단백결합 백신의 교차혈청형에 대한 교차방어 능력에 대한 연구는 매우 부족하다. 본 연구는 12-23개월 연령 소아에게 PCV7 추가접종 후 얻어진 면역혈청에서 교차혈청형 6A, 6C, 19A에 대한 교차 항체의 혈청학적 특성을 연구하기 위해 수행하였다. 방 법 : 백신 혈청형 6B, 19F와 교차혈청형 6A, 6C, 19A의 IgG, IgM 항체 농도와 옵소닌 인덱스를 ELISA와 OPA를 통해 측정하였다. 혈청군 6과 19에 대한 방어항체의 혈청학적 특성과 항원 특이도는 면역혈청내 IgM 제거, OPA, cOPA를 통해 확인하였다. 결 과 : 대조군 혈청에 비교하여 IgM 제거 면역혈청의 6B와 19F에 대한 옵소닌 인덱스가 감소하였고, 6A, 6C, 19A에 대한 옵소닌 인덱스도 역시 감소하였다. cOPA에서 6B 다당질, 19F다당질은 백신 혈청형 6B, 19F 뿐 아니라 6A, 6C, 19A의 방어 면역도 완전히 억제하였다. 결 론 : 6B, 19F를 포함한 PCV7은 교차혈청형 6A, 6C, 19A에 대한 IgG 및 IgM 교차방어 항체를 유도하였다. IgM 방어항체는 IgG 항체와 비교하여 백신 혈청형뿐 아니라 백신-연관 혈청형에 대해 더 높은 옵소닌 인덱스를 나타내었다. 향후 더 많은 소아와 성인의 면역 혈청으로 연구가 필요하다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2003

목 적 : 폐구균은 비인두에 존재하는 정상균주이나 중이염 등의 국소 감염 뿐 아니라 폐렴, 뇌수막염, 패혈증 등의 침습성 질환을 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근 전 세계적으로 다제내성 폐구균이 증가하는 추세를 보여 큰 문제가 되고 있는바 이에 저자들은 폐구균의 혈청형과 항생제 감수성을 검사하고, 향후 시행될 폐구균 예방접종의 효용성 등을 예측해 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 9월부터 2003년 1월까지 연세의료원에 내원한 환자 중 배양 검사상 폐구균이 검출된 116명을 대상으로 하였다. 폐구균의 혈청형 검사는 Quellung 반응을 통해 결정하였고, 페니실린 내성 여부는 oxacillin 디스크 확산법으로 판정하였다. 결 과 : 폐구균은 객담 76례(65.5%), 혈액 13례(11.2%), 이루 12례(10.3%), 인두 7례(6.0%), 비강 2례(1.7%), 뇌척수액, 안구분비물, 복수, 수술 후 창상부위, 두부 농양, 도관 각 1례(0.9%)로 총 116례에서 배양되었으며, 98례에서 혈청형 검사가 가능하였다. 분리된 혈청형을 살펴보면 19F 15례(15.3%), 19A 11례(11.2%), 11A 8례(8.2%), 6A, 14와 3이 각 7례(7.1%), 6B, 23F와 35가 각 6례(6.1%)의 순이었다. 총 116례 중 82례(70.7%)에서 페니실린 내성을 보였으며, 페니실린 내성균주의 혈청형은 19F, 19A, 11A, 23F, 6A, 9V등이 49례(59.8%)를 차지하였고, cotrimoxazole(74.4%), tetracycline(69.5%), erythromycin(90.3%) 등의 다른 항생제에도 높은 내성률을 보였다. 소아 환자 22례 중 20례에서 혈청형 분석이 가능하였고, 19A, 19F가 각 5례(25.0%), 6A, 6B, 23F가 각 2례(10.0%), 11A, 14, 19, 29가 각 1례(5.0%)를 차지하여 7가 폐구균 단백결합백신에 포함되는 혈청형이 50%(10/20), 백신관련 혈청형을 포함하여 85%(17/20)이었으며, 22례 중 86.4%(19/22)에서 페니실린 내성을 보였다. 결 론 : 이전의 보고에 비해 백신포함 혈청형의 빈도가 약간 낮은 소견을 보였으며, 최근 일부 폐구균 혈청형의 변화가 보고되고 있는 바 7가 폐구균 단백결합 백신의 상용화에 앞서 전국적인 폐구균 혈청형의 조사가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1968

여러가지 저장온도(貯藏溫度)에서 S. typhi-murium, S. anatum 및 S. meleagridis의 생육내(生肉內) 증식(增殖) 및 생존(生存)에 관하여 관찰하였다. $10^{\circ}C$에서는 세가지 균종(菌種)이 모두 증식하고 접종후(接種後) 3일(日) 내지 5일(日)만에 최대균수(最大菌數)에 이르렀지만 $7^{\circ}C$나 그 이하에서는 증식하지 못하였다. $7^{\circ}C$ 및 $5^{\circ}C$에서는 접종후(接種後) 3적일(適日)까지는 균수(菌數)의 변동이 별로 없었지만 그 이후엔 약간 감소되었다. $12^{\circ}C$에서는 6개월간(個月間)의 실험기간 동안에 S. typhi-murium파 S. anatum 은 균수(菌數)가 대단히 서서히 감소되었지만 S. meleagrids는 다른 두 균종(菌種)보다는 균수(菌數)의 감소율(減少率)이 약간 더 컸다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 2013

The objectives of this study are to develop a molecular diagnosis to differentiate serotypes and mating-types of C. neoformans/C. gattii complex isolates from pigeon droppings in Korea and to elucidate molecular epidemiology of the isolates. Phenotypes and genotypes of C. neoformans/C. gattii complex isolates were identified by biochemical properties and PCR using specific CNLAC1 gene, respectively. To classify serotypes and mating-types of C. neoformans/C. gattii complex isolates, the five reference strains and thirty-three isolates in Korea were investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using CNLAC1 gene for varieties, by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for serotyping, and by PCR using specific primer sets for mating typing. All isolates in Korea were belonged to C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A) by RFLP and RAPD patterns which showed high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, RFLP and RFLP were available to differentiate varieties and serotypes of C. neoformans. Amplification patterns of the five reference strains by specific PCR for mating typing were differentiable, and all isolates were classified into $MAT{\alpha}$. All C. neoformans environmental isolates in Korea were Cr. neoformans serotype A and $MAT{\alpha}$ which is a more virulent pathogen. This study suggests that RFLP and RAPD are rapid and correct molecular diagnosis tools for epidemiology of C. neoformans/C. gattii complex isolates.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.534-540
• /
• 1999

Thirty-seven strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from Korean soil and examined for H-antigen serotyping, toxicity, and different spectra of biological activities. The isolate HL-175 bore a specific H-antigen, different from the 51 known serotypes, a spherical $\delta$-endotoxin crystal, and minor different biochemical characteristics. It was resistant to ampicillin, colistin, and penicillin G. Therefore, it was classified as a new serotype, H52, with the name kim. The other 36 isolates also produced endotoxin crystals and endospores. The crystal shape of eight strains was cuboidal while the others were bipyramidal. Biochemical characteristics of the isolates were only slightly different from the known serotypes of B. thuringiensis. The flagellar (H) antigens of the 36 isolates were identified as: one colmeri (H21), three galleriae (H5a,5b); two pakistani (H13); one toumanoffi (H11a, 11b); and twenty-nine kurstaki (H3a,3b). All 36 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, colistin, penicillin, cephalothin, and chloramphenicol.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 1989

Edwardsiella tarda, the causative organism of Edwardsiellosis, was isolated from the water and the eel, Anguilla japonica of the recirculating eel culture ponds in 1988. E. tarda was always isolated from the water of eel culture ponds in the number of log 2.30~log 4.78 CFU/$m{\ell}$ without distinguishable seasonal characteristics. The counts of isolated E. tarda were changed with the health condition of the eel, i. e., a number of E. tarda were isolated from all checked organs, intestine contents, liver, spleen and kidney of the diseased eel, however, it was hardly isolated from spleen and kidney of the healthy eel. The isolates were classified according to o-agglutinating test into three serotypes (I, II, III). There were no distinct differences in the composition of the serotypes between intestine contents of eel and pond water samples(I, 52.4~53.3% ; II, 20.0~23.8% ; III, 4.8~6.7%). Serotype I was ascendant in the spleen(66.7%) and the kidney(73.7%) samples. By experimental challenge, most of serotype I proved highly virulent to eel in comparison with the other serotypes tested.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.179-183
• /
• 2005

Epidemiological characteristics of a total of 48 swine herd with diarrhea or a history of diarrhea in Gyeongsang-do between 1999 and 2000 were performed to evaluate the prevalence of Salmonella spp., their serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns with respect to the different stages of swine production system. A total of 139 Salmonella spp. (21%) were isolated from 662 fecal samples and the overall herd prevalence of Salmonella spp. ranged from 12.5% to 88%. The average prevalence of Salmonella spp. from swine stages of suckling/nursery, grow/finisher and sow stage were 25.7%, 19.2% and 18.4%, respectively. Ten serotypes of Salmonella spp. were identified with a predominance of S. Typhimurium, S. Derby and S. Agona. Twenty-five isolates (18%) were found to be untypable. One hundred and two Salmonella isolates (73.4%) resistant to more than 1 antibiotic were characterized by 24 diverse resistance patterns, and their frequency of antibiotic resistance was highest in grow/finisher stage (83.3%). Resistance to tetracycline (TE; 67.6%), sulfamethoxazole (SU; 46.8%) and streptomycin (ST; 28%) was most common and the most common resistance patterns were TE SU (31.4%), TE (21.6%) and TE SU ST (20.6%) in order.