• 한국양식학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1995

난황형성 중인 암 참돔의 혈청 내에는 암 특이혈청단백질이 존재하고 있음이 Ouchterlony의 면역확산 검정과 면역 전기영동에 의하여 밝혀졌으며, 이러한 암 특이혈청단백질은 암 $\cdot$수 혈청과 난추출액의 면역학적인 조사에 의해 난황단백 전구체임이 밝혀졌다. 또한 난추출액으로부터 정제된 난황단백질은 난황전구체와 공통의 항원성이 있음도 면역학적인 조사에 의하여 알 수 있었다. 변형한 효소면역측정법의 타당성을 조사하였다. 일정 비율로 희석한 성숙중인 암 혈청의 흡광도 곡선은 난황단백질의 표준곡선과 평행하였다 본 효소면역측정법의 평균 회수율은 $109\pm5.6\%$이었으며, $10\%$ 이내의 assay내 변동계수 범위는 $31\~1,000ng/ml$이었다. 생식소의 성숙 단계에 대한 혈장내의 난황단백전구체의 양과의 관계를 조사하기 위하여 휴지기후기(1월)부터 난황형성기(4월)까지 난황단백질에 대한 항체를 이용한 효소면역측정법에 의하여 혈장 난황단백전구체의 양을 측정하였다. 난황단백전구체의 양은 난황형성 전기인 2월부터 증가하기 시작하여, 난황형성기(3월부터 4월) 동안에는 난이 성장하면서 계속 증가하였다 2월부터 혈장내의 난황단백전구체의 양이 암$\cdot$수에 따라 현저하게 차이가 났다. 따라서 참돔 친어의 성 구분은 효소면역 측정법에 의하여 2월부터는 명확히 할 수 있다

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2009

교통신호제어기의 표준규격에서 센터시스템과 지역제어기 간 통신방식은 전용선을 기준으로 한 모뎀방식의 시리얼통신으로 규정되어 있어, 지방도시에서 구축 운영되는 TCP/IP의 ITS 통신망에 내에 교통신호제어시스템에 대한 통신규격을 수용하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 또, ITS 부문에서 데이터 교환을 위한 국내외 표준으로 이더넷 통신망을 기반으로 한DATEX-ASN 데이터 교환기술이 채택되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 교통신호제어시스템이 ITS 통신망 내에 구성이 가능하도록, TCP/IP 프로토콜을 기반으로 한 교통신호제어기 통신규격(안)을 개발을 목적으로 한다. 제어, 상태정보와 데이터 베이스 정보 등 표준규격 교통신호제어기의 23개 통신항목에 대한 통신규격(안)이 DATEX-ASN 통신처리 절차 및 구조 (KS ISO X 14827 Part1, 2, ISO/ DIS 15784 Part-3)를 적용하여 개발하였다. 실험을 위하여 통신항복별로 응용프로그램을 개발하였으며, 실험결과 통신항목 모두 인코딩 및 디코딩처리가 가능하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2008

The present study describes the evaluation of the bioequivalence of two atorvastatin tablets, Lipitor $Tablet^{(R)}$ (Pfizer, reference drug) and Atorva $Tablet^{(R)}$ (Yuhan, test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Forty-nine healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the atorvastatin dose of 40 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study with a two weeks washout interval. After drug administration, serial blood samples were collected at a specific time interval from 0-48 hours. The plasma atorvastatin concentrations were monitored by an high performance liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) employing electrospray ionization technique and operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and positive ion mode. The total chromatographic run time was 4.5 min and calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.1-100 ng/mL for atorvastatin. The method was validated for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy and precision. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 48hr) was calculated by the linear log trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were complied trom the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for Atorva $Tablet^{(R)}$ / Lipitor $Tablet^{(R)}$ were ${\log}\;0.9413{\sim}{\log}\;1.0179$ and ${\log}\;0.831{\sim}{\log}\;1.0569$, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of ${\log}\;0.8{\sim}{\log}\;1.25$. Based on these statistical considerations, it was concluded that the test drug, Atorva $Tablet^{(R)}$ was bioequivalent to the reference drug, Lipitor $Tablet^{(R)}$.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2022

Scuticociliatosis caused by Miamiensis avidus is a very important parasitic disease in olive flounder farming industry. The aim of this study was to determine effect of combined treatment with blue LED (light-emitting diode) illumination and formalin on olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with M. avidus. Different intensity of 405 nm LED (20, 40, and 60 μmol·m^-2·s^-1) was illuminated on 2.2×10⁴ cells/well of M. avidus in a 24 well microplate for 24 h. Also, 2.4×10⁴ cells/well of M. avidus were exposed to varying combinations of 60 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 of 405 nm LED and serial 10-fold dilutions of formalin (from 10 to 100 ppm) for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. Surviving M. avidus were counted using a hemocytometer. For in vivo test, flounder acclimatized at 11-12 practical salinity unit (psu) were challenged with 2×10⁶ cells/ml of M. avidus by immersion method for 1 h. Then, fish were moved and divided into four groups; "F" group, treated with formalin at 50 ppm; "L" group, treated with 60 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 of 405 nm LED; "C" group, treated with combination of the two methods; and the control group. After treatment for 30 min, fish were transferred to new tanks (salinity = 11-12 psu) and observed for 3 weeks. As a result, illumination of 405 nm LED at 60 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 killed 100% of M. avidus after 12 h, while 67% and 90% of the scuticociliate died at 20 and 40 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively, after 24 h exposure. One hundred percent of M. avidus was killed at 90, 80, 80 and 70 ppm after exposure to formalin for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, respectively. However, combined method (e.g., 60 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 of 405 nm-LED plus 50 ppm formalin) killed the parasite within 30 min. From in vivo test, similarly, survival rates of fish challenged with M. avidus were 100%, 43%, 29% and 0% in the C, F, L, and control groups, respectively. Results obtained in this study demonstrates that the combined treatment method has clear synergistic effect on scuticociliatosis in fish.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.52-52
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• 2001

Many nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for the exchange of ${\gamma}$-phosphates between tri- and diphosphonucleosides. The catalytic Many nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinases are ubiquitous enzymes responsible for the exchange of ${\gamma}$-phosphates between tri- and diphosphonucleosides. The catalytic reaction follows a ping-pong mechanism in which the enzyme is transiently phosphorylated on a histidine residue conserved in all nucleoside diphosphate kinases. Beside their role in nucleotide synthesis, these enzymes present additional functions, possibly independent of catalysis, in processes such as differentiation, cell growth, tumor progression, metastasis and development. To clone murine nm23-M5, several expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the GenBank data base, selected according to their homology to nm23-H5 cDNA, reconstituted a complete open reading frame (GenBank AF222750). To test whether murine NDPKs (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) can inhibit Bax-mediated toxicity in yeast, co-transformation was performed respectively. The yeast S.cerevisiae was transformed with a copy expression plasmid containing the histidine selection marker and expressing murine Bax under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. Several clones were selected and found to be growth inhibited when Bax expression was induced with galactose. A representative clone was transformed again with a copy expression plasmid containing the tryptophane selection marker and expressing either murine Bcl-xL or NDPK under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. Several subclones of the double-transformants were selected and characterized. The ability of Bcl-xL and NDPKs to suppress Bax-mediated toxicity was determined by growing yeast cells overnight in galactose media and spot-testing on galactose plates starting with an equal number of yeast cells as determined by taking the OD$_{600}$. Ten-fold serial dilutions were used in the spot-test. Plates were grown at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 2-3 days. All murine NDPKs suppressed Bax dependent apoptosis. Futher study will be peformed whether Bax-toxicity inhibition was caused by NDP kinase activity or additional function.n.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2005

목적: 자가 슬괵건을 이용한 전방 십자 인대 재건술 후 대퇴 터널 내의 고정은 2개의 생흡수성 핀인 Rigidifix system (Mitek Product, Johnson and Johnson, USA)를 이용하여 고정하고, 경골 터널 내는 Intrafix system을 이용한 생간섭나사로 고정 후 이식건의 경골 족에 인대 고정 나사를 이용한 부가적 고정이 수술 후 슬관절 전방 안정성에 영향을 주는지를 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 5월부터 2003년 1월까지 Rigidfix와 Intrafix를 이용하여 관절경적 전방 십자 인대 재건술을 시행 받은 39명 중 추시 관찰이 되지 않은 2명을 제외한 37명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 추시 기간은 14개월(범위: $25{\sim}13$개월) 이었다. 부가적 고정 여부의 결정은 수술 순서에 따라서 교대로 선택하였고, 경골 터널 밖으로 나온 이식건을 인대 고정 나사로 고정하였고 이식건이 짧은 경우는 봉합사를 인대 고정 나사에 묶었다. Intrafix만으로 고정한 경우 17명, 부가적 고정을 한 경우가 20명이었다. 내측 반월상 연골의 절제 2예, 내측 반월상 연골의 봉합 2예, 외측 반월상 연골의 봉합 1예에서 시행하였다. 임상적 평가는 이학적 검사인 Lachman검사, Pivot shift 검사와 재건술 후의 Lysholm점수, IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee)평가 기준, KT-1000관절 계측 결과를 이용하였다. 결과: 최종 추시 상 수술 후 Lysholm점수는 93.1점(범위: $65{\sim}98$점), IKDC 평가 기준에 의한 최종 평가 상 정상(A) 26예, 거의 정상(8) 10예, 비정상(C) 1 예이었으며, 심한 비정상은 (D)은 없었다. 최종 추시 상 KT-1000 관절계를 이용한 최대 도수 부하 검사 상 건측과의 차이는 평균 2.5mm$(0{\sim}6mm)$ 이였다. 술 후 시행한 Lachman 검사 상 정상 32예, 1 등급 4예, 2 등급 II 1예 이었고, Pivot shift 검사 상 정상 34예, 1 등급 2예, 2등급 1예 이었다. KT-1000 관절계를 이용한 최대 도수 부하 검사 상 건측과의 차이는 부가적 고정을 한 경우는 평균 2.2 mm$(0{\sim}4mm)$ Intrafix 만으로 고정한 경우는 평균 2.8 mm$(0{\sim}6mm)$였다. 두 군 사이에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 결론: 자가 슬괵건을 이용한 전방 십자 재건술 후 전방 안정성은 Intrafix를 이용한 경골 터널 내의 이식건의 고정이 부가적 고정을 한 경우와 비교하여 차이가 없었다. 따라서 경골 터널 내에서 부가적 고정 없이 슬괵건의 고정만으로도 전방 안정성을 얻을 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.49-70
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• 2009

This study proviedes GARCH model(Bollerslev, 1986) to analyze the structural characteristics of price volatility in domestic aquacultural fish market of Korea. As a case study, flatfish and rock-fish are analyzed as major species with relatively high portion in an aspect of production volume among fish captured in Korea. For analyzing, this study uses daily market data (dating from Jan 1 2000 to June 30, 2008) published by the Noryangjin Fisheries Wholesale Market which is located in Seoul of Korea. This study performs normality test on trading volume and price volatility of flatfish and rock-fish as an advanced empirical approach. The normality test adopted is Jarque-Bera test statistic. As a result, first, a null hypothesis that "an empirical distribution follows normal distribution" was rejected in both fishes. The distribution of daily market data of them were not only biased toward positive(+) direction in terms of kurtosis and skewness, but also characterized by leptokurtic distribution with long right tail. Secondly, serial correlations were found in data on market trading volume and price volatility of two species during very long period. Thirdly, the results of unit root test and ARCH-LM test showed that all data of time series were very stationary and demonstrated effects of ARCH. These statistical characteristics can be explained as a reasonable ground for supporting the fitness of GARCH model in order to estimate conditional variances that reveal price volatility in empirical analysis. From empirical data analysis above, this study drew the following conclusions. First of all, from an empirical analysis on potential effects of seasonality and the day of week on price volatility of aquacultural fish, Monday effects were found in both species and Thursday and Friday effects were also found in flatfish. This indicates that Monday is effective in expanding price volatility of aquacultural fish market and also Monday has higher effects upon the price volatility of fish than other days of week have since it has more new information for weekend. Secondly, the empirical analysis led to a common conclusion that there was very high price volatility of flatfish and rock-fish. This points out that the persistency parameter($\lambda$), an index of possibility for current volatility to sustain similarly in the future, was higher than 0.8-equivalently nearly to 1-in both flatfish and rock-fish, which presents volatility clustering. Also, this study estimated and compared and model that hypothesized normal distributions in order to determine fitness of respective models. As a result, the fitness of GARCH(1, 1)-t model was better than model where the distribution of error term was hypothesized through-distribution due to characteristics of fat-tailed distribution, was also better than model, as described in the results of basic statistic analysis. In conclusion, this study has an important mean in that it was introduced firstly in Korea to investigate in price volatility of Korean aquacultural fishery products, although there was partially a limited of official statistic data. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study will be useful as a reference material for making and assessing governmental policies. Also, it is looked forward that the results will be helpful to build a fishery business plan as and aspect of producer, and also to take timely measures to potential price fluctuations of fishery products in market. Hence, it is advisable that further studies related to such price volatility in fishery market will extend and evolve into a wider variety of articles and issues in near future.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.350-355
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• 2009

복합 레진은 중합되는 동안 수축으로 인한 응력이 발생하게 되고 이는 결합력 실패를 야기한다. 치질과의 결합력은 접착면의 성질에 영향을 받게 되는데 대부분의 연구들은 편평한 접착면상에서 이루어졌으며 와동내 와벽 위치에 따른 결합력 차이에 관한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Ⅰ급 복합레진 수복시 단일 충전한 경우와 적층 충전한 경우에 있어서 와동의 치수벽과 측벽에서의 결합력 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 발거된 20개의 건전한 제3 대구치를 대상으로 6 ${\times}$4 ${\times}$3 mm 크기의 박스 형태로 와동을 형성한 후 레진 충전방법과 와동벽에 따라 4개 군으로 분류하였다. 단일 충전하고 치수벽의 결합력을 측정한 A군, 단일 충전하고 측벽의 결합력을 측정한 B군, 적층 충전하고 치수벽의 결합력을 측정한 C군, 적층 충전하고 측벽의 결합력을 측정한 D군으로 설정하였다. 제조사의 지시에 따라 Clearfil SE $bond^{(R)}$(Kuraray Corp., Osaka, Japan)로 치면 처리한 후 Filteck Z $250^{(R)}$(3M/ESPE., St. Paul, USA)을 사용하여 와동을 충전하였다. 적층 충전군의 경우 1.5 mm씩 두 번에 나누어 충전하고 각각 40초씩 중합하였다. $37^{\circ}C$의 증류수에서 24시간 보관 후 교합면쪽 법랑질을 제거하고 수복물의 근원심 폭의 절반되는 지점에서 협설 방향으로 치아를 잘랐다. 주수하에 고속 diamond saw를 사용하여 각 치아의 접착면에 수직으로 1 ${\times}$1 ${\times}$7 mm의 막대 형태의 시편을 만들었으며 만능시험기에 부착하고 1 mm/min의 속도로 미세인장 결합강도를 측정하였다. 2-way ANOVA test와 t-test를 이용하여 95% 유의수준으로 통계 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 충전 방법의 경우, 적층 충전군이 단일 충전군보다 높은 평균값을 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 2. 와동벽에 따른 결합력 차이의 경우, 치수벽 군이 측벽 군보다 결합력이 큰 것으로 나타났으나 유의성은 없었다. 본 연구 결과만을 토대로 볼 때, 충전 방법과 와동벽의 두 가지 요소가 치질과의 결합력에 미치는 영향이 크지 않았다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제24_2집
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• pp.85-115
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• 2015

The Reordering of the Universe(天地公事) pursuing the Latter world(後天)'s ideal world while denying the Former world(先天) is composed of enormous rituals. The Dosu(度數) is formed through these rituals and the world is transformed according to the Dosu. The people who follow the Sangje(上帝), the subject of this universe reordering and also participate in the Reordering of the Universe are called as the followers. The follower group can be said as a ritual group in the aspect that they participate in the ritual for the Reordering of the Universe. They not only observed the rituals but also actively participated in them, so took certain roles in forming the Dosu. That is, they performed certain, given roles in developing the rituals, or actively proposed their ideas under the Sangje's leadership, and participated in the process realizing the Dosu. Therefore it can be said that they were a group initiatively participating in the process overcoming the Former world's Sangguk(相克) world, and making the latter world's ideal world. It seemed that the followers at that time might have gone through a certain entrance ritual process in order to join in such a follower group. The 『Jeon-Gyeong』 recorded the entrance rituals of a man called as Cha Gyeong Seok among tremendous followers relatively in detail. According to the 『Jeon-Gyeong』, he first had to get a unique test in the entrance process, and the test was proceeded in several stages: the wisdom test reflecting the Sangje's unusual intelligence, the patience test to endure physical, psychological pains for the great ethic, and the test to evaluate the testee's ability to give up past oneself and to follow the Sangje with a new body & mind. In the process separating himself from the past his appearance, Gyeong-Seok, the candidate to enter, faced a liminal situation, and then performed the incorporation rite. In this process, the purification rite going him out of the past relationship of benefits & grudges was performed, and he was given the regulations to comply as a member of the follower group. Through such serial processes, his entrance in the follower group was allowed. What requested to the candidate in this entrance process was the severance from one's past. For that, the candidate was needed to go out of his past life habits, to free from the relationship of benefits and grudges, and to sever him from his past faults. Such severance was the precondition for him to go out of the Former world's negative reality and to break from the Sanggeuk habits. Another thing requesting to the candidate as well as the severance from his past was to establish a new ideal. The new ideal should be matched with the ideal of the Reordering of the Universe whose main ideology was the Haewon-Sangsaeng(解冤相生). Such ideal can be said as the driving force to proceed toward the new ideal world of Latter World. And the candidate was requested to purify his mind and to participate in the Universe Fair Judgement (天地公庭). That can be said as an important condition for the new member directly to participate in the ritual of the Reordering of the Universe dramatically transforming the world. Finally, the candidate was given the regulations for his ascetic practice(修道) as well as his participation in the Reordering, and was requested to comply them. After becoming a member of this follower group, one had to practice his asceticism through the compliance with such regulations and the training of mantras(呪文) in order to accomplish the goal called as Dotong(道通). By fulfilling these requirements, the newly entered member could have the qualification to perform a certain role in the ritual of the Reordering of the Universe, and could accomplish his religious ideal.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.130-139
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• 2000

일련의 회분식실험을 통하여 음식폐기물의 동력학상수 및 메탄가스 발생량을 측정하였으며 음식폐기물의 고온혐기성 소화시 입자의 크기, 나트륨이온의 농도, 휘발성 고형물의 부하량이 따른 운전인자에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. 기초 동력학 실험에서는 최대 기질 분해 속도 상수 k는 $0.24hr^{-1}$로 나타났으며 반 포화상수 Ks는 $700mg/{\ell}$ 로 나타났다. 나트륨 농도에 따른 혐기성소화 영향에 관한 실험은 나트륨 농도가 $5g/{\ell}$ 까지는 총 메탄가스 발생량에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 점차로 농도가 증가함에 따라 총 메탄가스 발생량이 감소하기 시작하였으며 나트륨 농도가 $20g/{\ell}$ 로 증가시켰을 경우 이론적인 발생량의 50% 만을 발생하였다. 음식폐기물을 크기별로 분쇄하여 혐기성 소화를 시킨 후 Valentini 모델에 적용시킨 결과 모든 경우에 있어서 가수분해 상수 값 A는 0.45를 나타내었으며 입자의 크기가 1.02 mm에서 2.14 mm로 높아짐에 따라 최대 기질 분해 속도 상수 $k_{HA}$는 $0.0033hr^{-1}$에서 $0.0015hr^{-1}$로 감소하였다. 이것으로 음식폐기물의 혐기성 소화에 있어서 입자 크기가 중요한 운전인자 중의 하나임을 증명할 수 있었으며 휘발성 고형분의 부하량에 관한 연구에서는 최대 주입 휘발성 고형물 부하량은 $40g/{\ell}$ 로 나타났으며, 유기물 부하가 낮은 경우에서는 나트륨 이온에 따른 영향이 휘발성 고형물 제거에 나타나지 않았으나 $40g/{\ell}$ 인 경우 약간의 차이가 있는 것으로 판명되었다.