• 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2008

This paper examined the acoustic differences in English speech production between English native speakers and Korean learners. Korean speakers seem to produce errors by over-applying the Korean phonological rules(nasalization and lateralization) to English speech under the conditions comparable to those of Korean which contain nasal+lateral or lateral+nasal sequences. Being based on this prediction, the experimental data is grouped into three sets, [n]+[l] sequence, [l]+[n]sequence, and [m]+[l] sequence. The result shows that, Korean speakers usually nasalize or lateralize the target words or phrases in every three categories while English natives don't. In set A([n]+[l] sequence), both nasalization and lateralization were found in [n]+[l] sequence, the same circumstances where both nasalization and lateralization can be placed as in Korean. In the case of set B([l]+[n] sequence), only lateralization is observed. It is because the nasalization never occurs in the sequence of l-n in Korean. There is no lateralization in set C([m]+[l] sequence), because only nasalization occurs in the sequence of m-l in Korean. This results reconfirmed that the nasalization and lateralization rules in Korean deeply influence on the English production data. Korean speakers need to be taught not to over-apply Korean phonological rule to English production for accurate pronunciation.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.450-457
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• 2018

The determination of assembly sequence in general mechanical assemblies plays an important role in terms of manufacturing cost, duration and quality. In the production of ships and offshore plants, the consideration of productivity factors and welding deformation is crucial in determining the optimal assembly sequence. In shipbuilding and offshore industries, most assembly sequence planning has been done according to engineers' decisions based on extensive experience. This may result in error-prone planning and sub-optimal sequence, especially when dealing with unfamiliar block assemblies composed of dozens of parts. This paper presents an assembly sequence planning method for block assemblies. The proposed method basically considers geometric characteristics of blocks to determine feasible assembly sequences, as well as assembly process and productivity factors. Then the assembly sequence with minimal welding deformation is selected based on simplified welding distortion analysis. The method is validated using an asymmetric assembly model and the results indicate that it is capable of generating an optimal assembly sequence.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권2C호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 이진 낮은 상관 구역 수열군의 새로운 생성법을 제안한다. 새로운 수열군은 Kim과 Jang, No, Chung이 제안한 4진 낮은 상관 구역 수열군에 Gray 사상을 적용하여 생성한다. 새로 생성된 이진 수열군의 주기는 생성에 사용한 4진 수열군의 주기의 2배이며, 낮은 상관구역 내 상관 값의 최대 크기 및 수열군의 크기는 생성에 사용한 수열군의 그것의 2배가 된다. 그러나 낮은 상관 구역의 크기는 그대로 유지된다. 생성에 사용한 4진 낮은 상관 구역 수열군의 최적인 경우 새로 생성된 이진 수열군은 높은 확률로 최적의 수열군이 된다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2017

MCP(Multi-chip Package)는 두 개 이상의 Chip을 적층하여 하나의 패키지로 합친 제품이다. MCP를 만들기 위해서는 두 개 이상의 Chip이 동일한 Substrate에 적층되기 때문에 다수의 조립 공정이 필요하다. Package 공정에서는 Lot들이 동일한 특성을 가지는 Chip으로 구성되고 MCP를 구성하는 Chip의 특성은 Layer sequence에 의해 결정된다. MCP 생산 공정에서 WIP Balance 뿐만 아니라 Throughput을 달성하기 위해서는 Chip의 Layer sequence가 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 Chip들의 Layer sequence의 제약 조건을 고려한 스케쥴링 방법론을 제안한다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2014

Power system fault analysis is commonly based on well-known symmetrical component method, which describes power system elements by positive, negative and zero sequence impedance. The majority of fault in transmission lines is unbalanced fault, such as line-to-ground faults, so that both positive and zero sequence impedance is required for fault analysis. When unbalanced fault occurs, zero sequence current flows through earth and ground wires in overhead transmission systems and through cable sheaths and earth in underground transmission systems. Since zero sequence current distribution between cable sheath and earth is dependent on both sheath bondings and grounding configurations, care must be taken to calculate zero sequence impedance of underground cable transmission lines. In this paper, EMTP-based sequence impedance calculation method was described and applied to 345kV cable transmission systems. Calculation results showed that detailed circuit analysis is desirable to avoid possible errors of sequence impedance calculation resulted from various configuration of cable sheath bonding and grounding in underground cable transmission systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.296-311
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• 2021

Topological Data Analysis (TDA), a relatively new field of data analysis, has proved very useful in a variety of applications. The main persistence tool from TDA is persistent homology in which data structure is examined at many scales. Representations of persistent homology include persistence barcodes and persistence diagrams, both of which are not straightforward to reconcile with traditional machine learning algorithms as they are sets of intervals or multisets. The problem of faithfully representing barcodes and persistent diagrams has been pursued along two main avenues: kernel methods and vectorizations. One vectorization is the Betti sequence, or Betti curve, derived from the persistence barcode. While the Betti sequence has been used in classification problems in various applications, to our knowledge, the stability of the sequence has never before been discussed. In this paper we show that the Betti sequence is unstable under the 1-Wasserstein metric with regards to small perturbations in the barcode from which it is calculated. In addition, we propose a novel stabilized version of the Betti sequence based on the Gaussian smoothing seen in the Stable Persistence Bag of Words for persistent homology. We then introduce the normalized cumulative Betti sequence and provide numerical examples that support the main statement of the paper.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in EEG through attention. Concentration training and performing tasks are important factors in the improvement of motor learning ability. Methods: In the experiment, 22 healthy people were divided into two groups: the trail making test (TMT) group and the computerized neurocognitive function test (CNT) group. A one-way Neuro Harmony M test to see whether there was a significant difference among the groups. Results: The TMT group showed a significant increase in ${\alpha}$ wave, ${\alpha}$ wave sequence, and ${\beta}$ wave sequence; however, there were no significant differences in SMR wave, SMR wave sequence, and ${\beta}$ wave. The CNT group showed increases in ${\alpha}$ wave, ${\alpha}$ wave sequence, SMR wave, SMR wave sequence, and ${\beta}$ wave sequence; however, there was no significant difference in ${\beta}$ wave. In EEGs before and after two performance tasks were changed, there were significant differences in ${\beta}$ wave, SMR wave, SMR wave sequence; however, there were no significant differences in ${\alpha}$ wave sequence, ${\beta}$ wave, and ${\beta}$ wave sequence. Conclusion: Attention training and concentration training offer feedback and repetition for constant stimulus and response. Moreover, attention training and concentration training can contribute to new studies and motivation by developing fast sensory and motor skills through acceptable visual and auditory stimulation.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.11-22
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• 1997

출력 수열의 수가 스트림암호의 새로운 평가요소로서 제안된 바 있으나 일반적으로 발표된 대부분의 이진 수열 발생기는 출력 수열이 1개 뿐인 것으로 알려졌다. 본 논문에서는 출력 수열의 수가 여러 개인 다수열 출력 이진 수열 발생기를 2가지 유형으로 제안하였다. 첫 번째는 여러개의 feedback tap중 하나를 초기키에 따라 선택하는 Switched-Tap LESR(STLFSR)과 이를 이용한 일반형 모델 및 Geffe 발생기의 적용 예를 제안하였다. 나머지는 다수열 출력 수열로 이미 알려진 golic의 메모리 수열발생기(MEM-BSG)를 개선하여 대용량 메모리 사용이 가능하도록 일반화시킨 대용량 메모리형 다수열 출력 발생기(GMEM-BSG)를 제안하고, 이 발생기의 주기, 선형복잡도 및 출력 수열의 수를 분석하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 1998

A. niger의 GOD(Glucose Oxidase) 대량생산과 효율적인 분비를 protein의 대량생산에 많이 사용되는 strain인 S. cerevisiae에서 시도하였다. S. cerevisiae의 ADH1과 GAL 10 promotor, 그리고 ${alpha}$-MF signal sequence와 A. oryzae의 ${alpha}$-amylase signal sequence 및 S. cerevisiae의 GAL7과 A. niger의 GOD terminator를 이용하여 4개의 expression vector를 합성한 후 S. cerevisiae 2805에 auxotroph 방법으로 형질변환시켰다. 변이체들을 배양하여 세포내와 세포외의 GOD활성도를 분석한 결과 GAL 10 promotor가 삽입된 pGAL변이체들이 ADH1 promotor가 삽입된 pADH 변이체들 보다 GOD 생산성이 높았다. GAL 10 promotor와 A. oryzae의 ${alpha}$-amylase signal sequence가 삽입된 pGALGO2에서 115시간 배양시 GOD의 생산이 가장 높았다($GOD_{total}$: 10.3 unit/mL, $GOD_{ex}$: 8.7 unit/mL). 이 수치는 같은 promotor인 GAL 10 promotor와 ${alpha}$-MF signal sequence가 삽입된 pGALGO1보다 3배정도 높다. 이 결과는 ADH 1 promotor를 사용하였을 경우에도 일치하였다. 또한 A. oryzae의 ${alpha}$-amylase signal sequence가 S. cerevisiae의 ${alpha}$-MF signal sequence보다 GOD를 더 효과적으로 분비시켰다. 상기 결과로 미루어 보면 signal sequence가 단백질의 분비 외에도 단백질 합성에도 많은 영향을 주는 것으로 추측된다. pGALGO1과 pGALGO2의 GOD분비효율은 각각 89%, 84%이었다. S. cerevisiae에서는 일반적으로 과당화가 일어나기 때문에 S. cerevisiae에서 합성된 재조합 GOD의 분자량은 250 kDa으로 A. niger의 GOD(170 kDa)보다 더 컸다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.187-198
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• 1990

Examinations of the temporomandibular joints were performed on a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance (MR) system. An MR surface receiver coil 3 inch in diameter was placed on plastic frame, the patient's head being placed in the frame so that the coil was pressed against the temporal region. In taking advantage of the magnetic resonance imaging that has been studied briskly till now, author obtained the images of parasagittal and paracoronal planes about the temporomandibular joint by using MPGR (Multi-Planar Gradient Recalled), GRASS (Gradient Recalled Acquisition in the Steady State), and CSMEMP (Contiguous Slice Multiple Echo, Multi-Planar), that differ from the Spin Echo pulse sequence which the previous authors used. Five subjects with no symptoms of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction were studied. The plane images obtained by these methods were compared with those by Spin Echo pulse sequence. The results were as follows: 1. The optimal repetition times (TR) and echo times (TE) for T.M.J. image were; a. 400 msec and 18 msec in PMGR pulse sequence. b. 40 msec and 12 msec in GRASS pulse sequence. c. 700 msec and 30 msec in CSMEMP pulse sequence. d. 500 msec and 20 msec in Spin Echo pulse sequence. 2. When the MPGR pulse sequence was using, T2-weighted image was obtained in very short time. On the image of the paracoronal plane by GRASS pulse sequence, meniscus showed the moderate signal intensity, and the meniscus and its anteromedial, posterolateral attachments were observed definitely with gray color. 4. The signal intensity of Spin Echo pulse sequence was equal to that of CSMEMP pulse sequence, but the image by CSMEMP pulse sequence showed relatively lower level in its resolution.