• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.561-571
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• 2021

Cofferdams made of teel sheet piles are commonly utilized as support structures for excavation of sea-crossing bridge foundations. As cofferdams are often subject to tide variation, it is imperative to consider potential effects of tide on stability and serviceability of sheet piles, particularly, ultralong steel sheet piles (USSPs). In this study, a real USSP cofferdam constructed using new construction technology in Nanxi River was reported. The design of key parts of USSP cofferdam in the presence of tidal action was first introduced followed by the description of entire construction technology and associated monitoring results. Subsequently, a three-dimensional finite-element model corresponding to all construction steps was established to back-analyze measured deflection of USSPs. Finally, a series of parametric studies was carried out to investigate effects of tide level, soil parameters, support stiffness and construction sequence on lateral deflection of USSPs. Monitoring results indicate that the maximum deflection during construction occurred near the riverbed. In addition, measured stress of USSPs showed that stability of USSP cofferdam strengthened as construction stages proceeded. Moreover, the numerical back-analysis demonstrated that the USSP cofferdam fulfilled the safety requirements for construction under tidal action. The maximum deflection of USSPs subject to high tide was only 13.57 mm at a depth of -4 m. Sensitivity analyses results showed that the design of USSP cofferdam system must be further improved for construction in cohesionless soils. Furthermore, the 5th strut level before concreting played an indispensable role in controlling lateral deflection of USSPs. It was also observed that pumping out water before concreting base slab could greatly simplify and benefit construction program. On the other hand, the simplification in construction procedures could induce seepage inside the cofferdam, which additionally increased the deflection of USSPs by 10 mm on average.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.2627-2642
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• 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a typical, chronic neurodegenerative disease involving the concentration of dopamine, which can disrupt motor activity and cause different degrees of gait disturbance relevant to PD severity in patients. As current clinical PD diagnosis is a complex, time-consuming, and challenging task that relays on physicians' subjective evaluation of visual observations, gait disturbance has been extensively explored to make automatic detection of PD diagnosis and severity rating and provides auxiliary information for physicians' decisions using gait data from various acquisition devices. Among them, wearable sensors have the advantage of flexibility since they do not limit the wearers' activity sphere in this application scenario. In this paper, an attention-based temporal network (ATN) is designed for the time series structure of gait data (vertical ground reaction force signals) from foot sensor systems, to learn the discriminative differences related to PD severity levels hidden in sequential data. The structure of the proposed method is illuminated by Transformer Network for its success in excavating temporal information, containing three modules: a preprocessing module to map intra-moment features, a feature extractor computing complicated gait characteristic of the whole signal sequence in the temporal dimension, and a classifier for the final decision-making about PD severity assessment. The experiment is conducted on the public dataset PDgait of VGRF signals to verify the proposed model's validity and show promising classification performance compared with several existing methods.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1066-1072
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• 2011

시스템 호출 순서에 대한 관계를 분석하는 방법은 정상적인 시스템 호출 순서를 일정한 크기로 시스템 호출 순서를 분할하여 진을 생성하여 탐지자로 사용한다. 시스템 호출의 매개변수를 고려하는 방법은 매개변수의 길이에 대한 평균과 표준편차를 이용하여 탐지자로 사용한다. 시스템 호출 순서만을 고려한 모델은 시스템 호출 순서는 정상이지만 포맷 스트링 공격과 같이 매개변수의 값만 변하는 공격을 탐지할 수 없으며, 시스템 호출 매개변수만을 고려한 모델은 매개변수 각각을 고려하므로 공격이 시작되지 않은 구간에서 획득한 정보에 의해 긍정적 결함률이 높게 나타나는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 공격과 관련된 시스템 호출의 여러 속성들을 동시에 고려하는 접근 방법으로서 연속적인 시스템 호출 순서 및 매개변수를 그룹(Group)화하여 보다 효율적으로 학습 및 탐지하는 방법이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 비정상적인 행위를 정상적인 행위로 판단하는 긍정적 결함률을 개선하기 위하여 시스템 호출 순서 및 매개변수에 시간 개념을 적용하여 시스템 호출 순서 및 매개변수의 비정상행위를 탐지한다. 실험 결과 제안 기법은 DARPA 데이터 셋을 사용한 실험에서 시스템 호출의 긍정적 결함률은 시간을 고려하지 않은 시스템 호출 순서 모델보다 시간을 고려한 시스템 호출 순서 모델의 긍정적 결함률이 13% 향상되었다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2006

인간과 같은 2배체의 각 염색체는 부모로부터 물려받은 2벌의 복제로 이루어져 있다. 이들 각 복제에서 SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism) 서열 정보를 하플로타입이라 부른다. 인간의 하플로타입 지도를 완전히 찾는 것은 인간 지놈의 중요한 작업 중의 하나인데, 실험적인 방법으로 하플로타입을 직접 얻는 것은 시간이 많이 걸리고 비용이 많이 든다. 따라서 두 하플로타입 정보가 혼합된 지노타입의 샘플들로부터 하플로타입을 추론하는 것에 대하여 연구되어왔다. 이 논문에서는 지노타입들을 설명하는 최소 개수의 하플로타입들을 찾는 모델(최소 하플로타입 추론문제)에 근거하여, 유전자 알고리즘을 사용하여 하플로타입을 추론하는 새로운 접근 방법을 제시한다. 좋은 결과를 주는 것으로 알려진 HAPAR[1]와 이 논문에 제시한 알고리즘을 컴퓨터 실험에 의한 비교를 통하여, 입력이 클 때 이 논문의 알고리즘이 수행시간은 적게 걸리면서 정확성이 비슷함을 보인다. 또한 이 실험 결과를 최근에 제시된 방법인 PTG[2]와 비교한다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.73-75
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• 2017

Debris disks are important observational clues to understanding on-going planetary system formation. They are usually identified by significant mid-infrared excess on top of the photospheric emission of a central star on the basis of prediction from J-, H-, and Ks-band fluxes and the stellar model spectra. For bright stars, 2MASS near-infrared fluxes suffer large uncertainties due to the near-infrared camera saturation. Therefore we have performed follow-up observations with the IRSF 1.4 m near-infrared telescope located in South Africa to obtain accurate J-, H-, and Ks-band fluxes of the central stars. Among 754 main-sequence stars which are detected in the AKARI $18{\mu}m$ band, we have performed photometry for 325 stars with IRSF. As a result, we have successfully improved the flux accuracy of the central stars from 9.2 % to 0.5 % on average. Using this dataset, we have detected $18{\mu}m$ excess emission from 57 stars in our samples with a $3{\sigma}$ level. We find that some of them have high ratios of the excess to the photospheric emission even around very old stars, which cannot be explained by the current planet-formation theories.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.486-493
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• 2007

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and the pathogenesis of AD is associated with the release of various cytokines/chemokines due to activated $Th_2$ immune responses. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotide in the context of particular base sequence (CpG motifs) are known to have the immunostimulatory activities in mice and to convert from Th2 to Th1 immune responses in AD. We aimed to investigate that CpG ODN, especially phosphodiester form, can stimulate the protective immunity in NC/Nga mice with AD. We isolated BMDCs from NC/Nga mice and then, cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days, and treated for 2 days by either phosphorothioate ODN or phosphodiester ODN. CpG ODN-treated DCs resulted in more production of IL-12. When CpG ODN-treated DCs were intravenously injected into the NC/Nga mice, the NC/Nga mice with CpG ODN-treated DCs showed significant improvement of AD symptoms and decrease of IgE level. Histopathologically, the NC/Nga mice skin with CpG ODN-treated DCs showed the decreased IL-4 and TARC expression comparing with non-injected mice. These results may suggest that phosphodiester CpG ODN-treated DCs might function as a potent adjuvant for AD in a mouse model.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2005

There are some critical drawbacks in the use of biomarkers for a global assessment of the toxicological impacts many chemicals and environmental pollutants have, primarily due to an individual biomarker's specificity for an explicit chemical or toxicant. In other words, the biomarker-based assessment methodology used to analyze toxicological effects lacks a high-throughput capability. Therefore, eco-toxicogenomics, or the study of toxicogenomics with organisms present within a given environmental locale, has recently been introduced with the advent of the so-called "-omics" era, which began with the creation of microarray technologies. Fish are comparable with humans in their toxicological responses and thus data from toxicogenomic studies performed with fish could be applied, with appropriate tools and implementation protocols, to the evaluation of environments where human or animal health is of concern. At present, there have been very active research streams for developing expression sequence tag (EST) databases (DBs) for zebra fish and rainbow trout. Even though few reports involve toxicogenomic studies with fish, a few groups have successfully fabricated and used cDNA microarrays or oligo DNA chips when studying the toxicological impacts of hypoxia or some toxicants with fish. Furthermore, it is strongly believed that this technology can also be implemented with non-model fish. With the standardization of DNA microarray technologies and ample progress in bioinformatics and proteomic technologies, data obtained from DNA microarray technologies offer not only multiple biomarker assays or an analysis of gene expression profiles, but also a means of elucidating gene networking, gene-gene relations, chemical-gene interactions, and chemical-chemical relationships. Accordingly, the ultimate target of eco-toxicogenomics should be to predict and map the pathways of stress propagation within an organism and to analyze stress networking.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.793-799
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• 2009

에스테렐은 반응형 시스템 설계에 적합하도록 디자인 된 명령형 동기언어이다. 시스템 개발 시에는 디버깅을 위해 다양한 테스트가 필요하다. 반응형 시스템을 테스트 하려면 일련의 입력을 시간의 흐름에 따라 순서대로 나열하여야 한다. 하지만 원하는 목적에 적합한 테스트 데이터를 생성해 주려면 많은 노력이 필요하며, 이 과정에서 오류가 발생하기도 한다. 따라서 디버깅의 특성상 빠르면서 원하는 목적의 테스트 데이터를 쉽게 표현할 수 있는 도구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 디버깅에 도움을 줄 수 있는 테스트 데이터 자동 생성기를 개발하였다. 본 연구는 개발자가 원하는 테스트 데이터를 쉽게 표현할 수 있고, 빠르게 테스트 데이터를 만들어내는 것에 초점을 두었다. 또한 사례 연구를 통해 실제 시스템 개발에 우리의 테스트 데이터 생성기를 적용한 예를 보여준다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.529-535
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• 2011

Single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is a fusion protein of the variable regions of the heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains of immunoglobulin, connected with a short linker peptide of 10 to about 20 amino acids. In this study, the scFv of a monoclonal antibody against the third domain of human CD4 was cloned from OKT4 hybridoma cells using the phage display technique and produced in E. coli. The expression, production, and purification of anti-CD4 scFv were tested using SDS-PAGE and Western blot, and the specificity of anti-CD4 scFv was examined using ELISA. A 31 kDa recombinant anti-CD4 scFv was expressed and produced in bacteria, which was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assays. Sequence analysis proved the ScFv structure of the construct. It was able to bind to CD4 in quality ELISA assay. The canonical structure of anti-CD4 scFv antibody was obtained using the SWISS_MODEL bioinformatics tool for comparing with the scFv general structure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for generating scFv against human CD4 antigen. Engineered anti-CD4 scFv could be used in immunological studies, including fluorochrome conjugation, bispecific antibody production, bifunctional protein synthesis, and other genetic engineering manipulations. Since the binding site of our product is domain 3 (D3) of the CD4 molecule and different from the CD4 immunological main domain, including D1 and D2, further studies are needed to evaluate the anti-CD4 scFv potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.51-74
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate critical success factors for effective implementation of web-based distance learning system. First of all, four critical success factors are theoretically derived from reviewing previous research. They are: (1) learner-related factor including the variables such as teaming ability, learning attitude, and attending motivation, (2) environmental factor including the variables of physical and mental support for learners, (3) instructional design factor represented by one variable, the degree of appropriateness of learning contents, and (4) the factor concerning the level of self-directed learning readiness embracing the variables such as curiosity for learning, openness towards challenge of learning and affection for learning. Subsequently, the relationships between these four critical success factors and the degree of learning satisfaction are empirically investigated. The data for empirical analysis of the research are collected from 1,020 respondents who have already passed the web-based distance learning courses which have been implemented in Information and Communication Officials Training Institute. Out of 1,020 responded questionnaires, 875 data were available for statistical analyses. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the most important factor for successful implementation of the web-based distance learning system is shown to be the instructional design factor, and in the next place, the self-directed learning readiness factor, the environmental factor and the learner-related one in sequence. Secondly, additional analysis of the variables included in the instructional design factor shows that availability of practical information and knowledge is the most influencing variable, and next, interesting composition of contents, reasonable learning amount, optimal level of instruction, and understandable explanation are significantly important in the descending order. Lastly, among learning motivators, strong intention of acquiring business knowledges and skills is found to be the most important satisfier in the web-based distance learning. The theoretical contribution of this study is to derive a comprehensive model of critical success factors for implementing the web-based distance learning system. And, the practical implication of this study is to propose efficient and effective guidelines for developing and operating the web-based distance learning system in the various kinds of organizations.