• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.481-485
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate serial changes of hypoxia-inducible factor $1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$), as a key regulator of hypoxic ischemia, and apoptosis of hippocampus induced by bilateral carotid arteries occlusion (BCAO) in rats. Methods : Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to the permanent BCAO. The time points studied were 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after occlusions, with n=6 animals subjected to BCAO, and n=2 to sham operation at each time point, and brains were fixed by intracardiac perfusion fixation with 4% neutral-buffered praraformaldehyde for brain section preparation. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot and terminal uridine deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were performed to evaluate HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression and apoptosis. Results : In IHC and western blot, HIF-$1{\alpha}$ levels were found to reach the peak at the 2nd week in the hippocampus, while apoptotic neurons, in TUNEL assay, were maximal at the 4th week in the hippocampus, especially in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ levels and apoptosis were found to fluctuate during the time course. Conclusion : This study showed that BCAO induces acute ischemic responses for about 4 weeks then chronic ischemia in the hippocampus. These in vivo data are the first to show the temporal sequence of apoptosis and HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a detection method of reduced computational complexity aimed at separating the moving objects from the background in a generic video sequence. In generally, indoor environments, it is difficult to accurately detect the object because environmental factors, such as lighting changes, shadows, reflections on the floor. First, the background image to detect an object is created. If an object exists in video, on a previously created background images for similarity comparison between the current input image and to detect objects through several operations to generate a mixture image. Mixed-use video and video inputs to detect objects. To complement the objects detected through the labeling process to remove noise components and then apply the technique of morphology complements the object area. Environment variable such as, lighting changes and shadows, to the strength of the object is detected. In this paper, we proposed that environmental factors, such as lighting changes, shadows, reflections on the floor, including the system uses mixture images. Therefore, the existing system more effectively than the object region is detected.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.568-572
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• 2015

Acetes chinensis is an economically important shrimp that belongs to the Sergestidae family; following fermentation, A. chinensis' economic value, however, is low in China, and much of the catch in China is exported to Korea at a low price, thus leading to potential false labeling. For this reason, we developed a simple method to identify A. chinensis' origin using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from partial (i.e., 570 bp) DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial 16s rRNA gene in 96 Korean and 96 Chinese individual shrimp. Among 10 SNP sites, four sites were observed in populations from both countries, and two sites located in the middle with SNP sites at their 3'-ends were used to design allele-specific primers. Among the eight internal primers, the C220F primer specific to the Chinese A. chinensis population amplified a DNA fragment of 364 bp only from that population. We were able to identify the A. chinensis population origin with 100% accuracy using multiplex PCR performed with two external primers and C220F primers. These results show that the 16S rRNA gene that is generally used for the identification of species can be used for the identification of the origin within species of A. chinensis, which is an important finding for the fair trade of the species between Korea and China.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.11
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• pp.789-794
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• 2013

A vehicle tracking system makes it possible to induce the vehicle movement path for avoiding traffic congestion and to prevent traffic accidents in advance by recognizing traffic flow, monitoring vehicles, and detecting road accidents. To track the vehicles effectively, those which appear in a sequence of video frames need to identified by extracting the features of each object in the frames. Next, the identical vehicles over the continuous frames need to be recognized through the matching among the objects' feature values. In this paper, we identify objects by binarizing the difference image between a target and a referential image, and the labelling technique. As feature values, we use the center coordinate of the minimum bounding rectangle(MBR) of the identified object and the averages of 1D FFT(fast Fourier transform) coefficients with respect to the horizontal and vertical direction of the MBR. A vehicle is tracked in such a way that the pair of objects that have the highest similarity among objects in two continuous images are regarded as an identical object. The experimental result shows that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods that use geometrical features in tracking accuracy.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.403-409
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• 2010

Accurate methods for the identification of closely related species or breeds in raw and processed meats must be developed in order to protect both consumers and producers from mislabeling and fraud. This paper describes the development of DNA markers for the discrimination and improvement of Korean native pig (KNP) meat. The KIT gene is related to pig coat color and is often used as a candidate marker. A 538 bp fragment comprising intron 19 of the pig KIT gene was amplified by PCR using specific primers, after which the PCR amplicons of a number of meat samples from KNP and three major improved breeds (Landrace, Duroc and Yorkshire) were sequenced in order to find a nucleotide region suitable for PCR-RFLP analysis. Sequence data showed the presence of two nucleotide substitutions, g.276G>A and g.295A>C, between KNP and the improved pig breeds. Digestion of KIT amplicons with AccII enzyme generated characteristic PCR-RFLP profiles that allowed discrimination between meats from KNP and improved pig. KNP showed three visible DNA bands of 264/249, 199, and 75 bp, whereas DNA bands of 249, 199, and 90 bp were detected in the three improved pig breeds. Therefore, the 75 bp DNA fragment was specific only to KNP, whereas the 90 bp DNA fragment was specific to the improved breeds. The breed-specific DNA markers reported here that target the KIT gene could be useful for the identification of KNP meat from improved pig meats, thus contributing to the prevention of falsified breed labeling.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.231-241
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• 2006

Creating controllable, responsive avatars is an important problem in computer games and virtual environments. Recently, large collections of motion capture data have been exploited for increased realism in avatar animation and control. Large motion sets have the advantage of accommodating a broad variety of natural human motion. However, when a motion set is large, the time required to identify an appropriate sequence of motions is the bottleneck for achieving interactive avatar control. In this paper, we present a novel method for training avatar behaviors from unlabelled motion data in order to animate and control avatars at minimal runtime cost. Based on machine learning technique, called Q-teaming, our training method allows the avatar to learn how to act in any given situation through trial-and-error interactions with a dynamic environment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through examples that include avatars interacting with each other and with the user.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2010

Expensive herbs such as ginseng are always a possible target for fraudulent labeling. New mountain ginseng strains have occasionally been found deep within mountain areas and commercially traded at exorbitant prices. However, until now, no scientific basis has existed to distinguish such ginseng from commonly cultivated ginseng species other than by virtue of being found within deep mountain areas. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer has been shown to be an appropriate method for the identification of the most popular species (Panax ginseng) in the Panax ginseng genus. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been identified between three newly found mountain ginseng (KGD4, KGD5, and KW1) and already established Panax species. Specific PCR primers were designed from this SNP site within the sequence data and used to detect the mountain ginseng strains via multiplex PCR. The established multiplex-PCR method for the simultaneous detection of newly found mountain ginseng strains, Korean ginseng, and foreign ginseng in a single reaction was determined to be effective. This study is the first report of scientific discrimination of "mountain ginsengs" and describes an effective method of identification for fraud prevention and for uncovering the possible presence of other, cheaper ginseng species on the market.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 1998

Human annexin I is a member of annexin family of calcium dependent phospholipid binding proteins, which have been implicated in various physiological roles including phospholipase A2(PLA2) inhibition, membrane fusion and calcium channel activity. In this work, the structure of N-terminally truncated human annexin I ({{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I) and its interactions with Ca2+, ATP and cAMP were studied at atomic level by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The effect of Ca2+ binding on the structure of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I was investigated. The addition of Ca2+ to {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I caused some changes in 13C NMR spectra. Carbonyl carbon resonances of some histidines were significantly broadened by Ca2+ binding. However, in the case of methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosin, small changes could be observed. We found that ATP and cAMP bind {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I, and the binding ratio of ATP to {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I is 1. These results are well consistent with the report that cAMP and ATP interact with annexin I, and affect the calcium channels formed by annexin I. Because {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I is a large protein with 35 kDa molecular weight, site-specific (carbonyl-13C) labeling technique was used to study the interaction sites of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I with Ca2+. NMR study was focused on the carbonyl carbon resonances of tyrosine, phenylalanine, methionine and histidine residues of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I because the number of these amino acids is small in the amino acid sequence of {{{{ DELTA }}-annexin I.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.676-683
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• 2012

Motion estimation in video coding greatly affects implementation complexity. In this paper, a reducing method of the complexity in motion estimation is proposed by using both the depth and color cameras. We obtain object information with video sequence from distance information calculated by depth camera, then perform labeling for grouping pixels within similar distances as the same object. Three search regions (background, inside-object, boundary) are determined adaptively for each of motion estimation blocks within current and reference pictures. If a current block is the inside-object region, then motion is searched within the inside-object region of reference picture. Also if a current block is the background region, then motion is searched within the background region of reference picture. From simulation results, we can see that the proposed method compared to the full search method remains the almost same as the motion estimated difference signal and significantly reduces the searching complexity.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2017

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect cattle material from processed meat products. Seventy-eight different commercial processed meat products were purchased from several big food marts. Among them, 17 products contained cattle material (10 samples contained only cattle, 5 samples mixed with cattle and porcine, 2 samples mixed with cattle, porcine and chicken). The genomic DNA was extracted directly from the processed meat products, and strain-specific primer targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA mitochondrial gene was used. All PCR products were cloned into the pGEM-T easy vector and sequenced. Consequently, the PCR products were amplified from 10 processed meat products, which contained only cattle material in our conditions. Furthermore, PCR reactions showed the same results at mixed samples. The DNA sequence obtained from pGEM-T easy/PCR products showed more than 95% identity with Bos taurus 16S rRNA gene using homology analysis. In conclusion, we suggest that the method using PCR, as performed in this study, could be useful in detecting cattle material in processed meat products. Moreover, our system could be applicable in inspection procedures to improve the verification of correct labeling for import and export processed meat products.