• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2023

In this detailed and comprehensive study, our primary focus has been placed on accurately gauging the number of visitors and their real-time locations in commercial spaces. Particularly, in a real cafe, using security cameras, we have developed a system that can offer live updates on available seating and predict future congestion levels. By employing YOLO, a real-time object detection and tracking algorithm, the number of visitors and their respective locations in real-time are also monitored. This information is then used to update a cafe's indoor map, thereby enabling users to easily identify available seating. Moreover, we developed a model that predicts the congestion of a cafe in real time. The sophisticated model, designed to learn visitor count and movement patterns over diverse time intervals, is based on Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) to address the vanishing gradient problem and Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) for processing data with temporal relationships. This innovative system has the potential to significantly improve cafe management efficiency and customer satisfaction by delivering reliable predictions of cafe congestion to all users. Our groundbreaking research not only demonstrates the effectiveness and utility of indoor location tracking technology implemented through security cameras but also proposes potential applications in other commercial spaces.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

Objective: The present study explored the effects of grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on rumen fermentation, methane production and archaeal communities in vitro. Methods: A completely randomized experiment was conducted with in vitro incubation in a control group (CON, no GSPE addition; n = 9) and the treatment group (GSPE, 1 mg/bottle GSPE, 2 g/kg dry matter; n = 9). The methane and volatile fatty acid concentrations were determined using gas chromatography. To explore methane inhibition after fermentation and the response of the ruminal microbiota to GSPE, archaeal 16S rRNA genes were sequenced by MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. Results: The results showed that supplementation with GSPE could significantly inhibit gas production and methane production. In addition, GSPE treatment significantly increased the proportion of propionate, while the acetate/propionate ratio was significantly decreased. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccus was significantly increased, while the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter decreased significantly in the GSPE group. Conclusion: In conclusion, GSPE is a plant extract that can reduce methane production by affecting the structures of archaeal communities, which was achieved by a substitution of Methanobrevibacter with Methanomassiliicoccus.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 2001

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of l-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) in vivo. The plasma concentration and liver concentration of ANS were determined after its i.v. bolus administration at a dose of $30\;{\mu}mol/kg$ in rats. The hepatic uptake clearance $(CL_{uptake})$ of ANS was 0.1 ml/min/g liver. On the basis of the unbound concentration of ANS, the permeability-surface area product $(PS_{influx})$ was calculated to be l0.4 ml/min/g liver, being comparable of in vitro data. On the other hand, we determined the plasma concentration, liver concentration and biliary excretion rate of ANS at steady-state after its i. v. infusion $(0.2-1.6\;{\mu}mol/min/kg)$ in rats. The excretion clearance $(CL_{excretion})$ of ANS showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with increasing the infusion rate. The permeability-surface area product $(PS_{excretion})$ based on the unbound concentration in the liver was calculated to be 0.0165 ml/min/g liver, which is negligible compared with the intrinsic clearance $(CL_{int}=3.3\;ml/min/g\;liver)$ by rat liver microsomes. The sequestration process of ANS, therefore, was considered to be mainly due to the metabolic process in the liver $(PS_{seq}{\risingdotseq}CL_{int})$. Furthermore, $PS_{efflux}$ value calculated from $PS_{influx}$ and $PS_{seq}$ was 4.4 ml/min/g liver, which was comparable of in vitro data. In conclusion, in vivo parameters such as $PS_{influx}$, $PS_{efflux}$ and $PS_{seq}$ in the present study showed good in vivo-in vitro relationship. Thus, the kinetic analysis method proposed in the present study would be useful to analyze the hepatic transport of drugs in vivo.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2019

Melanoma cells have been shown to respond to BRAF inhibitors; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance limits their clinical application. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq analysis with BRAF inhibitor-sensitive (A375P) and -resistant (A375P/Mdr with acquired resistance and SK-MEL-2 with intrinsic resistance) melanoma cell lines, to reveal the genes and pathways potentially involved in intrinsic and acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. A total of 546 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 239 up-regulated and 307 down-regulated genes, were identified in both intrinsic and acquired resistant cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the top 10 biological processes associated with these genes included angiogenesis, immune response, cell adhesion, antigen processing and presentation, extracellular matrix organization, osteoblast differentiation, collagen catabolic process, viral entry into host cell, cell migration, and positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling. In addition, using the PAN-THER GO classification system, we showed that the highest enriched GOs targeted by the 546 DEGs were responses to cellular processes (ontology: biological process), binding (ontology: molecular function), and cell subcellular localization (ontology: cellular component). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) network analysis showed a network that was common to two BRAF inhibitorresistant cells. Taken together, the present study may provide a useful platform to further reveal biological processes associated with BRAF inhibitor resistance, and present areas for therapeutic tool development to overcome BRAF inhibitor resistance.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2023

Ion channels regulate a large number of cellular functions and their functional role in many diseases makes them potential therapeutic targets. Given their diverse distribution across multiple organs, the roles of ion channels, particularly in age-associated transcriptomic changes in specific organs, are yet to be fully revealed. Using RNA-seq data, we investigated the rat transcriptomic profiles of ion channel genes across 11 organs/tissues and 4 developmental stages in both sexes of Fischer 344 rats and identify tissue-specific and age-dependent changes in ion channel gene expression. Organ-enriched ion channel genes were identified. In particular, the brain showed higher tissue-specificity of ion channel genes, including Gabrd, Gabra6, Gabrg2, Grin2a, and Grin2b. Notably, age-dependent changes in ion channel gene expression were prominently observed in the thymus, including in Aqp1, Clcn4, Hvcn1, Itpr1, Kcng2, Kcnj11, Kcnn3, and Trpm2. Our comprehensive study of ion channel gene expression will serve as a primary resource for biological studies of aging-related diseases caused by abnormal ion channel functions.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.798-807
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• 2018

Several studies have reported the effect of absorption of procyanidins and their contribution to the small intestine. However, differences between dietary interventions of procyanidins and interventions via antibiotic feeding in pigs are rarely reported. Following 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing, we observed that both procyanidin administration for 2 months (procyanidin-1 group) and continuous antibiotic feeding for 1 month followed by procyanidin for 1 month (procyanidin-2 group) increased the number of operational taxonomic units, as well as the Chao 1 and ACE indices, compared to those in pigs undergoing antibiotic administration for 2 months (antibiotic group). The genera Fibrobacter and Spirochaete were more abundant in the antibiotic group than in the procyanidin-1 and procyanidin-2 groups. Principal component analysis revealed clear separations among the three groups. Additionally, using the online Molecular Ecological Network Analyses pipeline, three co-occurrence networks were constructed; Lactobacillus was in a co-occurrence relationship with Trichococcus and Desulfovibrio and a co-exclusion relationship with Bacillus and Spharerochaeta. Furthermore, metabolic function analysis by phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states demonstrated modulation of pathways involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, energy, and nucleotides. These data suggest that procyanidin influences the gut microbiota and the intestinal metabolic function to produce beneficial effects on metabolic homeostasis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.224-230
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• 2015

Next generation sequencing technologies provide opportunities to reveal the genetic variants and differentially expressedgenes. The genetic variants are closely relevance to understanding of genes and phenotypic differences related to agronomic characteristics among cultivars. In this study, we conducted RNA-seq using two Korean soybean accessions, including Daewon and Hwangkeum, by using next generation sequencing against Williams 82 genome as reference. A number of variants such assingle nucleotide variants (SNV), multiple nucleotide variants (MNV), insertion/deletion (InDel) and replacement, was 34,411 and 55,544 in Daewon and Hwangkeum, respectively. Among these variants, 9,611 nonsynonymous variants were detected within 4,290 genes in Daewon and 13,225 non-synonymous variants were located on 5,672 genes in Hwangkeum. The distribution of nonsynonymous variants and expression values of genes can serve as invaluable resource for genotyping and study of traits within genes for soybean improvements.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.269-275
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• 2006

A recent report of the Korean Intellectual Property Office(KIPO) showed that the number of biological sequence-based patents is rapidly increasing in Korea. We present biological features of Korean patented sequences though bioinformatic analysis. The analysis is divided into two steps. The first is an annotation step in which the patented sequences were annotated with the Reference Sequence (RefSeq) database. The second is an association step in which the patented sequences were linked to genes, diseases, pathway, and biological functions. We used Entrez Gene, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. Through the association analysis, we found that nearly 2.6% of human genes were associated with Korean patenting, compared to 20% of human genes in the U.S. patent. The association between the biological functions and the patented sequences indicated that genes whose products act as hormones on defense responses in the extra-cellular environments were the most highly targeted for patenting. The analysis data are available at http://www.patome.net

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2018

Biodegradation pathway of dibenzofuran (DBF) of Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1, a high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degrading strain, was investigated via analysis of metabolic intermediates and transcriptome. As a result, 3(2H)-benzofuranone, a basic skeleton of the metabolic intermediates produced by lateral dioxygenation process, was detected as an intermediate. RNA-Seq analysis confirmed that most of the expressed genes upon exposure to DBF were related to the lateral degradation pathway. Based on these results, the biodegradation pathway of DBF by N. pentaromativorans US6-1 was proposed.

• The Korean Journal of Legal Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.41-45
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• 2017

Fetal DNA (fDNA) detection in maternal serum is a challenge due to low copy number and the smaller size of fDNA fragments compared to DNA fragments derived from the mother. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is a useful technique for fetal genetic analysis that is able to detect and quantify small amounts of DNA. In this study, seven clinical samples of maternal serum potentially containing fDNA were analyzed with a commercial single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, the HID-Ion $AmpliSeq^{TM}$ Identity Panel, and the results were compared to those from previous studies. Reference profiles for mothers and fetuses were not available, but multiple Y chromosomal SNPs were detected in two samples, indicating that fDNA was present in the serum and thereby validating observations of autosomal SNPs. This suggests that SNP-based MPS can be valuable for fDNA detection, thereby offering an insight into fetal genetic status. This technology could also be used to detect small amounts of DNA in mixed DNA samples for forensic applications.