• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.45-47
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• 2006

Cleft palate is a congenital deformity condition with separation of the two sides of the lip resulting in nose deformity. Evaluation of surgical corrections and outcome assessments for nose deformity due to the cleft lip depends mainly on doctor's subjective judgment. An objective method for evaluation of the condition and surgical outcome of nose deformity due to the cleft palate is needed. This study aimed at objective assessment of a cleft palate nose deformity condition by analyzing the following parameters obtained from photographic images of a cleft palate patients: (1) angle difference between two nostril axes. (2) center of the nostril and distance between two centers. (3) overlapped area of two nostrils, and (4) the overlapped area ratio of the two nostrils. A regression equation of doctor's grades was obtained using the eight parameters. Three plastic surgeons gave us the grades for the each photographic image by 10 increments with maximum grade of 100. The average reproducibility of the grades given by the three plastic surgeons and the three laymen using the developed program was $10.8{\pm}4.6%$ and $7.4{\pm}1.8%$, respectively. Kappa values representing the degree of consensus of the plastic surgeons and the three laymen were 0.43 and 0.83. respectively. Correlation coefficient of the grades evaluated by the surgeons and obtained by the neural network was 0.798. In conclusion. the developed neural network model provided us better reproducibility and much better consensus than doctor's subjective evaluation in addition to objectiveness and easy application.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

Purpose: The increase in patients requiring hemodialysis has resulted in an increase dialysis-associated infections risk. but there are no Renal Dialysis unit design standard meet specified safety and quality standards. Therefore, appropriate Establish standards and legal regulation is important for the provision of initial certification and maintenance of facility, equipment, and human resource quality. Methods: Literature survey on the design guideline and standards of Renal Dialysis unit design in Korea, U.S, Germany, Singapore, Hongkong, Dubai. Results: There are no established standards for facilities in dialysis units in Korea. To prevent infections in dialysis patients, necessary establish standards. Considering the domestic and overseas Health-care facilities standards, the major factors to be considered in the medical environment for Renal Dialysis Unit are as follows. First, planning to separate Clean areas(treatment area) from contaminated areas(medical waste storage area). Second, ensure sufficient space and minimum separation distance. Although there may be differences depending on the circumstances of individual institutions, renal dialysis unit consider the space to prevent droplet transmission. Third, secure infrastructure of infection prevention such as sufficient amount of hand hygiene sinks. Hand washing facilities for staff within the Unit should be readily available. Hand hygiene sinks should be located to prevent water from splashing into the treatment area. Fourth, Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system for Renal Dialysis Unit is all about providing a safer environment for patients and staff. Implications: The results of this paper can be the basic data for the design of the Renal Dialysis Units and relevant regulations.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.605-612
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• 2017

One of the biggest environmental issues that our world has been facing is climate change. In order to cope with such environmental issues, the world is putting a great deal of effort into energy conservation. The building sector, in particular, consumes 36% of the energy consumed worldwide and emits considerable amount of greenhouse gases. Therefore, introduction of renewable energies in the building sector is highly recommended. Renewable energy sources that can be utilized in the building sector include sunlight, solar heat, geothermal heat, fuel cells and wind power. The wind power generation system which converts wind energy into electrical energy has advantages in that wind is an unlimited and pollution-free resource. It is suitable to be connected to existing buildings because many years of operational experience and the enhanced stability of the system have made it possible to downsize the electrical generator. In case of existing buildings, it is necessary to consider the live loads of the buildings to connect the wind power generation system. This paper, through the connection of the wind power generation with existing buildings, promotes reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and energy independence by reducing energy consumption in the building sector. In order to connect the wind power generation system with an exciting building, the live load of the building and the area of the rooftop should be considered. The installable model is selected by comparing the live load of the building and the load of the wind power generation system. The maximum number of the wind turbines that can be installed is obtained by considering the separation distance between the wind turbines within the area of the rooftop. Installations are divided into single installations and multiple installations of two different types of wind turbines. After determining the maximum installable number, the optimal model that can achieve the maximum annual power generation will be selected by comparing the respective total annual amount of the power generation of different models.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 1978

The crystal and molecular structure of theophylline hydrochloride has been determined from X-ray data by Patterson techniques. The structure has been refined by block-diagonal least-squares and Fourier synthesis on three dimensional data. The unit cell is orthorhombic, space group $P_{na21}$, with a = 14.01, b = 11.49, c = 6.77${\AA}$, and contains four molecules. The final R value based on 743 observed reflexions is 12.2%. The intramolecular distances are similar to those in other compounds containing a purine or pyrimidine group. The molecules are nearly planar and are stacked in layers parallel to the (001)plane. The chlorine atom is coordinated to N(1) atom at a distance of 3.06${\AA}$. The structure is stabilized mainly by van der Waals interactions; however, a short N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$Cl contact of length $3.06\AA$, which is slightly less than the expected van der Waals separation, suggest that weak charge transfer interaction may be present. The relationship between this structure and the known structures of theophylline monohydrate and caffeine monohydrate are discussed.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2005

In this paper, we have analyzed the effects of the interference from HAPS airship stations to P-MP FWA base station and to P-MP FWA terminal station, using more detail parameters such as a new interference model, a realistic HAPS scenario, practical antenna patterns for both HAPS system and FWA system. The analysis results show that, in the case of interference from HAPS AS into the P-MP FWA BS, compatibility between two systems can be obtained by using a sectored BS antenna with the boresight directed away from the nadir. However, in the case of Interference from HAPS AS into the P-MP FWA TS, the two systems cannot operate effectively in the same bands unless the separation distance is guranteed and/or some form of interference mitigation technique is employed such as dynamic channel allocation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.577-580
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• 2012

RRA Notification No.2010-36 suggests the 3-point method(fall-of-Potential) using 2 auxiliary poles only as a test method of earth resistance. However this method needs to much space to install auxiliary poles so it is very difficult to measure the earth resistance in spots such as a mountain district, rocky district. So, we have analyzed the methods of 2-point method and loop resistance method in IEEE std. 81 and ITU-handbook(Earthing and Bonding) and applied these methods in test bed with 3-point method. In this paper we have compared and analyzed the earth resistance value using these 3 methods.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.429-438
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• 2013

In this study, compare and analyze for high-rise evacuation safety design criteria improvement about internal high-rise building egress safety rule. To the result, high-rise evacuation safety design criteria improvement data can be summarized as follows. First, should compute the evacuation capacity about the number of persons and when more than 2 exits are requested, over 50% of evacuation capacity must be satisfied even approaching to 1 exit is unable. Second, 2 ways of evacuation can be made smoothly by the stair or exit separation-distance standard regulation. Third, regulate the length limitation of dead-end corridor or passageway and it should give grades in limitation of whether the spring-cooler has been installed. Fourth, must secure the evacuation way and do the evacuee guidance when it's safety area and elevator or stair. Also needs to provide extra safety area to secure horizontal direction Escape Safety except fire escaping floor.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1165-1172
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• 2009

The laminar boundary layer along a streamwise corner formed by two flat plates intersecting at right angle is measured by using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) technique. The free stream velocity ranges from 2.96m/s to 3.0m/s. The angle of incidence of the corner is set to 1.2 degree providing slightly favourable pressure gradient to ensure a laminar flow in the corner region. A round shape leading edge is used and the length of the model is about 1000mm. In the bisector plane, the measurement data show separation type velocity profiles having an inflection point which is a typical characteristic of laminar corner boundary layers. As the distance away from the bisector plane increases, velocity profiles are found to change into the Blasius profile. The change completes around half length of the boundary layer thickness in the bisector plane away from the bisector plane along the plate. In the bisector plane, the growth characteristic of the boundary layer thickness and the approximate similarity of velocity profiles are confirmed from the measurement data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2014

The wave power, extracted from a circular array of small power buoys, is investigated under the potential theory. It is assumed that the buoy's radius, the draft, and the separation distance are much smaller than the water depth, the wave length, and the radius of a circular deployment area. The boundary value problem involving the macro-scale boundary condition on the mean surface covered by buoys is solved using the eigenfunction expansion method. The capture width, which is defined as the ratio of the extracted power to the wave power per unit length of the incident wave crest, is assessed for various combinations of packing ratio, radius of a circular array, and PTO damping coefficient. It is found that the circular array deployment is more effective in the viewpoint of efficiency than the single large buoy of the same total displaced volume.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2018

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze dosimetric parameters of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) delivered to extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the stomach (gastric MALT lymphoma) to find out advantages of VMAT and conditions for definite benefits of VMAT. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with stage I-II gastric MALT lymphoma received VMAT (n = 14) or 3D-CRT (n = 36) between December 2005 and April 2018. Twenty-seven patients were categorized according to whether the planning target volume (PTV) overlaps kidney(s). Dosimetric parameters were analyzed by dose-volume histogram. Results: Radiation dose to the liver was definitely lower with VMAT in terms of mean dose (p = 0.026) and V₁₅ (p = 0.008). The V₁₅ of the left kidney was lower with VMAT (p = 0.065). For those with PTV overlapping kidney(s), the left kidney V₁₅ was significantly lower with VMAT. Furthermore, the closer the distance between the PTV and kidneys, the less the left kidney V₁₅ with VMAT (p = 0.037). Delineation of kidney(s) by integrating all respiratory phases had no additional benefit. Conclusions: VMAT significantly increased monitor units, reduced treatment time and radiation dose to the liver and kidneys. The benefit of VMAT was definite in reducing the left kidney V₁₅, especially in geometrically challenging conditions of overlap or close separation between PTV and kidney(s).