This study is about to evaluation of postural stability according to characteristics of electrical stimulation on the ankle muscles. We measured body sway(center of pressure, COP) when various parameters of electrical stimulation was applied to ankle muscles in stable and unstable posture. Subjects consisted of 10 young adults, and electrical stimulation was delivered on right and left of tibialis anterior and Achilles tendon. The body sway was measured during electrical stimulation of three duty cycle and frequencies in stable posture and three amplitudes of sensory threshold in unstable posture. Consequently, the COP Shift is higher during electrical stimulation of 1/30(duty ratio) and 100Hz(frequency) in stable posture. In unstable posture, 100% amplitude of sensory threshold induced postural stability. These findings are important for the rehabilitation system of postural stability and the use of electrical stimulation as somatosensory information.
In this study, the odor of the parts and the odor of the surrounding environment were classified and verified. In order to increase the reliability of odor quantitative/qualitative analysis, the selection criteria for 5 sensory evaluators were established, and the n-Butanol control solution for each odor intensity was periodically trained to recognize the odor intensity before sensory evaluation. In addition, although various odor thresholds have been used through several studies, verification of whether the odor intensity value obtained through GC/MSD analysis is similar to the degree to which a person directly smells and feels it. It is important to select the odor threshold that has the best correlation with the odor intensity calculated by the person smelling the odor. Finally, sampling and measuring flowing airflow and temporary odors such as odor component analysis was experimentally difficult due to limited collection space and differences in concentration of generated components. In this study, a quantitative analysis was made possible by using the low temperature concentration (cooling) trap method. Through this, it was confirmed that the correlation with the actual odor intensity was not caused by the product itself, but by the environmental factor discharged from the product after creating the odor environment.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation for sensory nerve conduction change. Nd:YAG laser was irradiated to mental region for 5 minutes with the parameters that 10 Hz and 20 Hz of 100 mJ/pulse. Target size of irradiation was 30 mm diameter of circle and target-tip distance was about 10 mm. Therefore, the power density were 212 $mW/cm^2$ and 424 $mW/cm^2$. Sensory nerve conduction was evaluated with $Neurometer^{\circled}$ CPT/C before and after Nd:YAG laser irradiation. As an outcomes, the current perception threshold(CPT) and pain tolerance threshold(PTT) were obtained. We made a comparison of these two values and the results were as follows. 1. There was no significant difference in CPT at 1W, 10 Hz and 2 W, 20 Hz Nd:YAG laser irradiation. 2. There was no significant difference in PTT at 10 Hz, 20 Hz of 100 mJ/pulse Nd:YAG laser. 3. There were no significant differences in CPT and PTT between 1 W, 10 Hz group and 2 W, 20 Hz group. Therefore, We can make a conclusion that Nd:YAG laser irradiation to mental region have no effect on mental nerve conduction in our study model.
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
/
v.37
no.5
/
pp.355-364
/
2011
Introduction: This study evaluated nerve recovery through retrospective study of patients with lingual nerve damage. Patients and Methods: The patients who visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital for an injury to the lingual nerve from April 1988 to August 2009 were enrolled in this study (n=41). The relevance of various factors including the causes of damage, age, etc. was analyzed by the subjective improvement based upon questionnaires and the clinical records. The evaluation variants were a subjective assessment and neurosensory examination composed of the direction, contact threshold, two-point discrimination, pin prick, thermal discrimination and current perception threshold. Results: The causes of lingual nerve damage were an extraction of the lower third molar (75.6%), local anesthesia (9.7%), incision and drainage (4.88%), trauma (2.44%). The evaluation of subjective prognosis exhibited no difference in sensory improvement depending on the cause, age and gender. Based upon the subjective evaluation, 44.7% of patients showed sensory improvement. The first hospital visit from injury was shorter in the group showing subjective improvement (3.41 months) than those showing no improvement (5.24 months) (P=0.301). Thirty six out of 41 patients were treated with only conservative therapy and 5 patients were treated by surgical intervention. Neurosensory examinations revealed improvement, although not statistically significant, and the degree was higher in the subjectively improved group. The contact threshold discrimination showed the highest correlation with subjective improvement (P=0.069). Most of the sensory recovery was gained within 12 months and the degree of improvement at the tip of the tongue was higher than that of the dorsum (P<0.001). Conclusion: The damaged lingual nerve improved at a rate of 44.7% and mostly within 12 months after the incident. There was no difference between the subjective prognosis and neurosensory examination depending on the cause of damage, age and gender, whereas the contact threshold discrimination was the best variant that reflected the subjective prognosis statistically.
The purpose of this study was to identify whether cutaneous sensory (CS) changes induced by mechanical intervention(MI) increases the trigger point threshold and muscle tone of the same spinal segment to neck disc patients. Thirty persons with Neck disc patients were recruited in this experiment. The subjects consisted of 10 men and 20 women. The mechanical stimulus group induced CS changes for 5 minutes using the Graston instrument and the control group received no action. The CS changes were estimated by using the Von Frey Filament, PPT changes were measured by using the pressure threshold meter and msucle tone changes were measured by using Myotone pro. CS threshold increased significantly when MI was applied (p<0.05). On the same spinal segment, increases in the right infraspinatus PPT and muscle tone was observed (p<0.05) and decreases in the right trapezius PPT was observed(p<0.05). However, the PPT and muscle tone changes in other muscles were not significantly different. Furthermore, the control group CS, PPT and muscle tone were not significantly different. As a result, CS changes induced by MI make to change PPT and muscle tone on the same spinal segment. Therefore, application of MI to the same spinal segment may be of clinical significance as a new rehabilitation method for increasing pain threshold, muscle tone and pain control in neck disc patients.
The purposes of this study were to(a) develop theoretical modifications of the extended gate control theory of pain using Fishbein's model and(b) test the efficacy of these modifications. Attitude, social subjective norm, personal subjective norm, habit and state anxiety were operationalized to represent internal stimuli for the cognitive-evaluative and motivational-affective dimensions of the theory. Pain expression was operationalized as sensory and affective responses to pain, and pain endurance. Sixty-two female nurses from 20 to 50 years of age participated. A semantic differential scale measured attitude and motivations to comply; a Likerty-type scale measured personal and social norms and habit. Spielberger's STAI measured state anxiety, Pain was produced using a modified submaximum effort tourniquet technique. Pair expression was measured using ratio scales of sensory intensity and unpleasantness developed by Gracely and his associates. Pain endurance was measured by subtracting time of pain threshold from pain tolerance. The first hypothesis examining whether pain endurance would be more significantly related to the affective response than to the sensory response was net rejected. Four remaining hypotheses, testing the ability of the five variables to predict the sensory and affective responses were not rejected. However, the habit of pain expression and the attitude toward pain expression contributed to the prediction of both sensory and affective responses to pain. The interaction between the cognitive-evaluative and the sensory-discriminative dimensions and the interaction between the cognitive-evaluative and motivational-affective dimensions were partially supported by the data from these two variables. The interaction between the motivational-affective and the sensory-discriminative dimensions was also supported by the relationship of sensory to affective responses. The variables which did not significantly predict pain expression appeared to have potential for prediction. Revision and testing of the tools for better reliability, validity, and clinical usuability are needed. The study contributed to theory building. The identification of variables which pre-dict pain behavior must occur before effective nursing interventions can be developed.
Objective: The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate sensory disturbance in cervical spondylosis using grip force and investigate the relationship between the grip force and upper extremity function. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Eleven cervical spondylosis patients with paresthesia conducted grip and lift tasks using a precision grip with the tips of the thumb and index finger on either side. The sum of the grip force used during the first four seconds was calculated and defined as the total grip force. The cutaneous pressure threshold of the fingers, the pinch power, the grip power and three subtests of the Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function (STEF) were also assessed. Correlations between the total grip force and cutaneous pressure threshold, pinch power, grip power, and STEF subtest times were evaluated. Results: We found that the total grip force correlated with the cutaneous pressure threshold (p<0.05). Moreover, the total grip force of the dominant thumb correlated with the results of the three STEF subtests (p<0.05). There were no significant correlations between the total grip force and pinch/grip powers. Conclusions: We found that the total grip force correlated with cutaneous pressure threshold and upper extremity function. The results suggest that the total grip force could serve as an objective index for evaluating paresthesia in cervical spondylosis patients, and that the impaired ability of the upper extremity function is related to grip force coordination.
The taste describing terms of Monosodium glutamate(MSG) was surveyed by questionnaires, and the sensory threshold value of MSG solution was compared to those of other basic taste substances. The effects of MSG addition to the other basic tastes were also evaluated. From the 96 responders, the taste of MSG itself was expressed as greasy(58%) or nauseous(24%), but the taste expected when MSG was added to food was expressed as sapidity and relish(79%). From the sensory evaluation, the panel expressed greasy, bitter or sweet at the absolute threshold level(0.002 M) of MSG solution, but changed to greasy and salty at the recognition threshold level(0.006 M). When MSG was added to salt solution, it expanded the salty taste, but with citric acid solution it suppressed the sourness. When MSG was added to sugar solution, it expanded sweet taste at the lower concentration of MSG(0.01 M), but suppressed the sweet taste as MSG concentration increased.
The bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) is preferred method of surgical correction for mandibular prognathism, retrognathism and asymmetry. This technique performed from primarily an intraoral incision to avoid a scar. After forward movement of the distal segment of the mandible, healing of bone by primary or secondary intention is easily accomplished through large areas of cancellous bony overlap. When rigid fixation is used for the BSSRO, it is possible to open the mouth during the immediate post-operative period because it promotes the healing process. Although this surgical procedure has been well-documented, the incidence of postoperative trigeminal neurosensory disorder in the region of the inferior alveolar nerve and the mental nerve remains one of the major complication. However, evaluation of objective methods for sensory recovery patterns is insufficient although most patients find their sensory return. Neurometer electrodiagnostic device performs automated neuroselective sensory nerve conduction threshold evaluation by determining current perception threshold (CPT) measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensory recovery patterns of inferior alveolar and mental nerve over time. Nerve examination with a neurometer was performed in 30 patients undergoing the BSSRO at pre-operative, post-operative 1-, 2-, 4- week, and 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- month follow-up visits after the osteotomy to compare the differences of nerve injury and recovery patterns after the BSSRO with or without genioplasty and sensory recovery patterns associated with the kind of nerve fiber.
The design of osteotomy plane in orthognathic surgery has been developed to diminish the nerve injury. Intraoral Vertico-Sagittal Ramus Osteotomy (IVSRO) is the one of the best way to minimize untoward results, which is designed not to expose the lingula. We evaluated the nerve damage before and after with current perception threshold (CPT) test which is modem and numerically expressible way of nerve damages. Sixty patients underwent IVSRO since 1998 were evaluated. They were divided into 2 groups; one group underwent IVSRO only, and the other underwent IVSRO plus genioplasty. The both groups were evaluated with CPT test 1 week before surgery, and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. The CPT test was performed on A-beta, A-delta and C fiber respectively. 111e result showed that the recovery of sensory function of damaged nerve fibers was observed at the period of three to six months after surgery. There was no impairment of nerve function after only the IVSRO . But there were sensory disturbances in cases of additional genioplasty group. We thought that one of major factors on nerve damages were exposure of nerve and traction injury during genioplasty.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.