• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.35-55
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• 2001

Recently attention has been focused on the effects of early intervention, or its lack, on both normal and preterm infants. Particularly numerous studies suggest that premature infants are not necessarily understimulated but instead are subjected to inappropriate stimulation. Developmental support and sensory stimulation have become clinical opportunities in which nursing practice can impact on the neurobehavioral outcome of premature infants. Developmental care has been widely accepted and implemented in neonatal intensive care units across the country. Increasingly, attention and concern in caring for low-birth-weight infants and premature infants has led clinicians in the field to explore the effects of a complex of interventions designed to create and maintain a developmentally supportive environment; to provide age-appropriate sensory input; and to protect the infant from inappropriate, excessive and stressful stimulation. The components of developmental care include modifications of the macro-environment to reduce NICU light and sound levels, care clustering, nonnutritive sucking, and containment strategies, such as flexed positioning or swaddling. Sensory stimulation of the premature infants is presented to standardize the modification of a developmental intervention based on physiologic and behavioral cues. The most appropriate type of stimuli are those that are sensitive to infant cues. Evaluation of infant physiological and behavioral responds to specific intervention stimuli may help to identify more appropriate interventions based on infants' cues. A critical question confronting the clinician is that of determining when the evidence supporting a change in practice is sufficient to justify making that change. There are acknowledged limitations in the current studies. Many of the studies examined had small sample sizes; used nonprobability sampling; and used a phase lag design, which introduces the possibility of threats to internal validity and limits the generalizability of the results. Although many issues regarding the effects of developmental interventions remain unresolved, the available research base documents significant benefits of developmental care for LBW infants in consistent outcomes, without significant adverse effects. Particularly, although the individual studies vary somewhat in the definition of specific outcomes measured, instrumentation used, time and method of data collection, and preparaion of the care providers, in all studies, infants receiving the full protocol of individualized developmentally supportive care had improvements in some aspect of four areas of infant functioning: level of respiratory or oxygen support, the establishment of oral feeding; length of hospital stay, and infant behavioral regulation. In summary, based on the available literature, individualized developmental intervention should be incorporated into standard practice in neonatal intensive care. And this implementation needs to be coupled with ongoing research to evaluate the impact of an individualized developmental care programs on the short- and long-tenn health outcomes of LBW infants.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.307-311
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of changes in the intensity of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) on CorticoMuscular Coherence (CMC) during action observation. This paper presents a neurophysiological basis for the effective intensity of FES. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy volunteers were asked to observed a video with FES. The FES was provided with a sensory stimulation level, nerve stimulation level, and motor stimulation level. Simultaneously, an electroencephalogram (EEG) of the sensorimotor cortex and electromyogram (EMG) from the wrist extensor muscle were recorded. The peak CMC and average CMC were analyzed to compare the differences caused by the FES intensity. Results: The peak CMC showed a significant increase in the alpha band during motor stimulation (p<0.05). The average CMC showed a significant increase in the beta band during motor stimulation (p<0.05). Conclusion: The intensity of FES, which causes actual movement, increased the CMC during action observation. These results show that the intensity of the FES can affect the functional connection between the sensorimotor cortex and muscle.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.442-448
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of neuro-feedback training and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on stress, quantitative sensory threshold and pain in patients suffering from tension type headache. Methods: 22 participants who passed the preliminary evaluation were enrolled in the study and 11 participants were randomly assigned to each group. The control group (n=11) was subject to the TENS treatment of which was composed of a 20-minute session for 5 times a week during 4 weeks, and the experimental group (n=11) was subject to both neuro feedback training and TENS treatment for 10 minutes a day and 5 days a week during 4 weeks. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to measure a level of stress and the quantitative sensory testing (QST) was used for the measurement of cold pain threshold (CPT) and heat pain threshold (HPT); A degree of pain was evaluated through the headache impact test-6 (HIT-6). Results: In comparision of all dependent variables between the control and subject groups, there were significant differences in stress, quantitative sensory threshold and pain after the treatment (p<0.05), and the experimental group showed significant differences in stress, CPT, HPT and pain (p<0.05) and the control group showed only a significant difference in HPT (p<0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrate that the concomitant administration of the TENS treatment and neuro feedback training is effective on alleviation of stress, quantitative sensory threshold and pain in patients with tension type headache.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.170-179
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• 2013

There is a correct way to avoid any sequale in the central motor area during neurosurgery procedures. A clear way to find the circumference of the central sulcus, central motor, and sensory areas by giving cortical electrical stimulation to the central motor area immediate after surgery is proposed. Looking at patients who underwent brain surgery September 2009 to July 2013, the central sulcus and speech areas around the central area of the brain was investigated, using the practices of either a localized brain map check or a direct cortical electrical stimulation test. Brain maps localized around the surgical site through functional movement or speech areas were identified. Accurate tests done during surgery without damage to motor neurons or after surgery were conducted smoothly. Although successful brain map test localization can be accomplished, there are some factors that can interfere. The following phenomena can reverse the phase: (1) the first sensory / motor in the case of patients severe nerve damage; (2) placement of the electrode on top of the vessel; (3) presence of a brain tumor near the brain cortex; (4) use of anesthesia if patient cooperation is difficult; and (5) location of the electrode position and stimulus is inappropriate.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.171-183
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• 1994

Purphose. This present study examines the effect of brief, intense transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(BTENS) on sensory nerve conduction, electrical pain threshold, and two-point discrimination measured at the superficial radial nevre distribution in 20 healthy subjects. Subjects. Twenty volunteercs, (10 females and 10 males(age range : 20-38 years : $mean{\pm}SD\;:\;27.00{\pm}5.12$), only subjects without prior traumatological and pathological were eligible to participated in this study. Methods. Nerve conduction were determined for the right superficial radial nerve. Electrical pain threshold were determined for the right wrist ipsilateral to the site of BTENS. Small disc electrodes were attached to the surface of the skin stradding the end of the radius. Square wave electrical pulses were delivered from an isolated stimulator through a constant current device at a frequency of 2 Hz(5 ms pulse width). Two-point discrimination, measured on the sensory distribution of superficial radial nerve. BTENS was delivered using a Max-SD( Medical design co.) portable battery powered stimulator. A cicular Ag/AgCl electrode in contact with hypertonic saline gel was attached to the lateral(radial side) surface of the forearm. Results. No significant effects were observed between stimulation methods in the prestimulation cycle(multi-way ANOVA repeated measures : distal latency ; F1.14=0.332. amplitude ; F 0.80=0.445, pain threshold ; F0.06=0.940.2 point discrimination ; F1.50=0.236). Highly significant effects were observed time with the pretreatment and 6 posttreatment cycles(p<0.01). Mighty significants differences in nerve conduction and pain threshold were found using un multi-way ANOVA repeated measures among stimulation methods for each cycles(p<0.01). Conclusion and Discussion The authors concludes that both nerve conduction and pain threshold changes are associated with therapy (stimulation) level of BTENS.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aims to investigate the effect of somatosensory stimulation on the upper limb sensory and function and self-esteem of stroke patients. Methods : This study period was march 4 to april 4 (5 weeks). The subject were 20 stroke patients with somatosensory impairment in B hospital, seongnam, gyeonggi province. They were devided into two group-experimental and control-with 10 members each. The members of the experimental group underwent somatosensory stimulation, whereas the members of the control group underwent an occupation-based intervention for 5 weeks. Thirty-minute therapy was provided 3 times per week for 5 weeks. Before and after the intervention, both groups were evaluated via light touch, static two-point discrimination, stereognosis, Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), and self-esteem scale Results : In this study, light touch was not significant in both groups. Static two-point discrimination was significant among the experimental group member's index fingers. Among the control group members, it was significant in the ring finger. The comparison between the two groups was significant in the index finger. The stereognosis results were significant in the experimental group but not in the control group. The comparison between the groups after the intervention was not significant. FMA was significant in the shoulder/ elbow/ forearm (SEF), hand and coordination among the experimental group. Among the control group, it was significant in the SEF and hand. The comparison between the groups was significant in the SEF, hand and coordination. The self-esteem scale results were significant among both groups, and the comparison between the group's score was likewise significant. Conclusion : In conclusion, somatosensory stimulation therapy increases the static two-point discrimination, stereognosis, upper extremity function, and self-esteem of patients with stroke. Therefore, while somatosensory stimulation therapy is not the best therapy, it is one of the best occupational therapies for stroke patients.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2006

Patients use the senses all the time, mostly simultaneously. Senses are never turned off even patients in serious condition use some of the senses. Space is the inexhaustible source of stimuli. So far we have thought that it is impossible to come up with a set of rules and guidelines that cover all the possible situations involving senses and when there have been usually no conscious coordination between different sensorial stimuli and the comprehensive perception of space always results from the engagement of combination of senses and other inputs based on knowledge and experience. This study concerns about patients' demand analysis through senses. The reflection of patients' demand to the ward planning can develope the healing environment.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 2001

This study explored the effectiveness of a hierarchical treatment of aphasic perseveration (TAP) program in a Korean client with transcortical sensory aphasia. The subject with 52% perserveration score (Korean version of Boston Naming Test : K-BNT) was 44 year-old female with MCA (Middle cerebral artery) infarction. The experimental design used was an alternating treatment design with the hierarchical TAP and conventional audio-visual stimulation. The frequency of occurrence of perseverative behaviors and correct response in naming performance were analyzed and compared. It was claimed that the hierarchical TAP was more effective in naming performance than conventional audio-visual stimulation in terms of correct naming response. The frequency of occurrence of perseverative behaviors was lower in hierarchical TAP but the difference was relatively small. Unlike in English, sentence completion task was no longer stimulable while unison speech was very stimulable among the specific strategies of TAP program in Korean. Therefore, it could be said that TAP is language-dependent.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.727-730
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• 2003

Electric pulp test is a method to examine the vitality of dental pulp using the electrical stimulation. During the pulp test, the current stimulates intradental nerve, and makes patients painful. Some studies were accomplished to measure the responses of subjects by stimulating over the sensory threshold. In this study, we examined the time delay between pain feeling and stimulation stop in clinical situation. And we measured the activated responses(EMG in anterior belly of digastric muscle, voice, and finger span). As a result, it was verified that the minimum and maximum delay was EMG and voice, respectively. By reducing the excessive stimulus time, the unnecessary pain can be minimized using EMG that has the minimum delay.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.985-986
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• 2010