• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2016

Objective: This study is executed systematic review targeted at international journals intended to investigate on effect of peripheral sensory nerve stimulation on upper extremity function for stroke patients. Method: After literature search, researchers selected for 10 studies registered up to October 2015 based on PubMed database, using the following search terms: peripheral nerve stimulation, electrical stimulation, sensory stimulation, somatosensory stimulation, stroke, hemiplegia, hemiparesis and hand, arm, upper limb. Result: There were significant improves of upper extremity function and positive effect on the cortical activation in the use of peripheral sensory nerve stimulation. Conclusion: domestic studies in future requires a study of the method for measuring more accurately the effect of peripheral sensory nerve stimulation in RCT studies applying various intervention.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.977-987
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on sensory' motor development and adaptive behavior of cerebral palsy children. The design of this study was quasi experiments with a non-equivalent pre- and post-test control design. Subjects of the study were arbitrarily chosen based on predetermined selection criteria among the cerebral palsy children who were treated as out-patients at two rehabilitation hospitals one in Seoul, and the other in Kyunggi-do. The study was conducted between early April and late July in 2000. Fifteen children were in the experimental group and eleven in the control group. The allocation was done based on ease of experimental treatment. A five-step SIT program was devised from a combination of SIT programs suggested by Ayres(1985) and Finks(1989), and an author-designed SIT program for cerebral palsy children. The experimental group was subjected to 20 to 30 minutes of SIT per session. two sessions a week for ten -week period. The effects of SIT were measured with respect to 9 sub-areas that can be administered to cerebral palsy children out of a total of 17 sub-areas in the Southern California Sensory Integration Test (SCSIT) developed by Ayres (1980). In addition. the scale developed by Russell (1993) for Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). and Perception Motor Development Test developed by 中司利一 et al.(1987) were also applied. Adaptive behavior was analyzed using guidelines in two unpublished documents - School-Age Checklist for Occupational Therapy by the Wakefield Occupational Therapy Associates, and the OTA-Watertown Clinical Assessment by the Watertown Occupational Therapy Associates-, and an author-developed Adaptive Behavior Checklist. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC for chi square test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. The results were as follows: 1. In sensory development, the experimental group exhibited a score increase compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant, Although the experimental group showed improvements in all. 9 sub-areas compared to the control group, only right-left discrimination exhibited statistically significant change. 2. In gross motor development, the experimental group showed improvements in score compared to the control group, but it was not statistically significant. In fine motor development, the experimental group exhibited statistically significant improvements compared to the control group. In sub-area analysis, figure synthesis showed positive change. 3. In adaptive behavior development, post-experimental adaptive behavior scores were higher compared to pre-experimental scores with statistical significance. Furthermore, sub-areas emotional behavior, perception behavior, gross-fine motor function, oral-respiration function, motor behavior, motor planning, and adaptive response exhibited higher scores after SIT. In conclusion SIT was found to be partially effective in sensory and fine motor development, effective in all adaptive behavior areas, and not effective in gross motor development. Thus, this study has shown that SIT is an effective intervention for sensory development, fine motor development, and adaptive behavior for cerebral palsy children. But, for the effectiveness of SIT on gross motor development, further studies employing longer-time experiments are recommended.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2017

Transform variation technique is constituted the vibration status of the flash-gap recognition level (FGRL) on the distribution recognition function. The recognition level condition by the distribution recognition function system is associated with the scattering vibration system. As to search a position of the dot model, we are consisted of the distribution value with character point by the output signal. The concept of recognition level is composed the reference of flash-gap level for variation signal by the distribution vibration function. For displaying a variation of the FGRL of the maximum-average in terms of the vibration function, and distribution position vibration that was the a distribution value of the far variation of the $Dis-rf-FA-{\alpha}_{MAX-AVG}$ with $5.74{\pm}1.12$ units, that was the a distribution value of the convenient variation of the $Dis-rf-CO-{\alpha}_{MAX-AVG}$ with $1.64{\pm}0.16$ units, that was the a distribution value of the flank variation of the $Dis-rf-FL-{\alpha}_{MAX-AVG}$ with $0.74{\pm}0.24$ units, that was the a distribution value of the vicinage variation of the $Dis-rf-VI-{\alpha}_{MAX-AVG}$ with $0.12{\pm}0.01$ units. The scattering vibration will be to evaluate at the ability of the vibration function with character point by the distribution recognition level on the FGRL that is showed the flash-gap function by the recognition level system. Scattering recognition system will be possible to control of a function by the special signal and to use a distribution data of scattering vibration level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 1998

The objective of the study was to observe the difference of moving function of lower-limb in relation to the length 8t silouutte of tight skirt. Four types of tight skirts (2 lengths$\times$2 silhouettes) were made for the experiment. The surface E.M.S in four different locations of leg muscles (Rectos femoris, Semitendinosus, Tibalis anterior, Gastrocnemius) were recorded. The sensory test to decide how to be fatigued after longtime wearing of skirt were examined two times per a day. The fatigue sensory test was scored a Likert-type scale (1= no fatigue, 5=heavy fatigue). Data were analyzed by the repeated ANOVA ann Duncan's multiple range test with use of SAS Package. The main results of this study were as follows: 1. As a result of analysis of E.M.S., in case of walking on the floor there was significant difference in the moving function according to length of skirt and in case of stepping there was significant differnce in three ways (length silhouette, length, silhouette). 2. From the record of walking the step-length, stride-length, step-width were found affected by garments, but foot-angle was not affected. The moving function of slim type was lower than that of semi type and that of ankle-length skirt was lower than that of knee-length skirt. 3. The results of the sensory test agreed with that of E.M.G and Footprints.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10b
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• pp.224-229
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• 1993

The robot has spread remarkably, is used not only in manufacturing but also in various other fields, and is becoming more popular in everyday life. At the same time, the functional demands for all manner of robots have been diversified. Education regarding robots has been developing in the computer, mechanism, sensor and artificial intelligence fields. Technical education which integrates all of the above is necessary and in great demand. We have developed an educational robot so that it can be used in education in fields including structure, sensory and brain function and can also organically integrate those.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to find out whether group approach of sensory integration (SI) enhances sensory processing, fine motor function, and social skill for the children with sensory integration disorders. Method : Three children with problems related in sensory integration had got received 21 intervention sessions. We evaluated children with sensory profile(SP), social maturity test, Korean-developmental test of visual perception(K-DTVP), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency(BOTMP) before-and after intervention. The statistical significance of data is tested by the Wilcoxon matched-pair signed rank test. Results : All data of post-intervention did not show any statistically significant differences; SP, social maturity test, K-DTVP, BOTMP. Conclusions : This study is to verify the effect of group SI intervention on sensory processing, fine motor function, and social skill for children with sensory integration disabilities. The results were not statistically significant. However, the average score after SI intervention has been improved in the section of fine motor and social skill comparing to that of pre-intervention period. It would have positive impact for children with sensory integration disabilities. It is needed to study with the larger number of target children and more often treatment session are suggested. The confounding variables also should be controlled in the further study.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

Objective : This study compares sensory processing ability of children with and without spastic diplegia. In addition, it investigates characteristics of sensory processing differentiated by developmental phase such as pre-school age versus school age. Methods : Participants in this study are ordinal children without specific condition and children with spastic diplegia who are aged 3 to 10 years olds. Using Short Sensory Profile (SSP), sensory processing function of the participants was measured. The survey was distributed to caregivers of the children from November, 2013 to February, 2014, and it was suggested that the caregivers to record the questionnaire directly after approval from a rehabilitation hospital, a university hospital, welfare center, day care center, preschool and elementary school to participate in our study. Results : Group of children with spastic diplegia showed lower score than group of children with no special condition in the total score and the each score of all items of Short Sensory Profile. There was significant difference between the two groups in terms of the total score of sensory processing and the 5 factors except tactile sensitiveness and taste/smell sensitiveness among the 7 factors of test. In the comparison of different age groups, pre-school age group showed lower total score than school age group. Conclusion : This study provides a foundational evidence that can be used when therapist evaluate sensory processing function of children with spastic diplegia. There is need for more study about sensory processing functions of various types of children with cerebral palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2010

Objective : This study is designed to identify effect of a sensory integration(SI) program provided to elementary school students as an after-school activity. The study is looking at both occupational performance components and school-task performance which is an area of occupational performance. Methods : SI program specially designed as an after-school activity was provided to three boys who are first- or second grade students of Y elementary school in Dae-Jeon city. The SI intervention was organized with 25 sessions and carried out for two months. One group pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the SI program. Measurements used are Short Sensory Profile(SSP), K-DTVP-2, and BOTMP for occupational performance components, and School Function Assessment for functional schooltask performance. Results : It is found that posttest scores were enhanced in all assessments SSP; BOTMP; K-DTVP-2; and SFA. Conclusion : Results of this study simply propose that sensory integration program designed as after-school activity may have positive effects on not only occupational performance components but also on school-task performance of elementary school student. Since sample size is too small, however, there is limitation to find statistical significance. Further researches testing large number of subjects are required to boost the finding of this study.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.138-147
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• 1996

Although sensory deficits caused by stroke have been occasionally reported, dysfunctions of discriminative sensation have seldom been studied in patients with strokes. With the use of specifically designed methods, discriminative sensations including texture discrimination and position sense were tested in 67 patients with acute unilateral stroke. Thirty-two age and sex-matched healthy subjects were used as controls. Impaired discriminative sensation was common in patients with unilateral stroke (detected in 57 out of the 67 patients) regardless of the lesion location except for patients with lateral medullary stroke. Proprioceptive discriminative sensation remained intact in all except for three out of 25 patients who were initially diagnosed as having pure motor stroke on the bases of conventional sensory tests. However, tactile discriminative sensation remained intact in only 17 out of 25 patients. Discriminative sensory disturbances are common in patients with unilateral stroke even in those with intact sensory function on routine examination. The subtle disturbances of this sensation may explain, at least in part, the clumsiness of the patients that is not readily explained by conventional neurological tests.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2016

Background: Posture balance control is the ability to maintain the body's center of gravity in the minimal postural sway state on a supportive surface. This ability is obtained through a complicated process of sensing the movements of the human body through sensory organs and then integrating the information into the central nervous system and reacting to the musculoskeletal system and the support action of the musculoskeletal system. Motor function, including coordination, motor, and vision, vestibular sense, and sensory function, including proprioception, should act in an integrated way. However, more than half of stroke patients have motor, sensory, cognitive, and emotional disorders for a long time. Motor and sensory disorders cause the greatest difficulty in postural control among stroke patients. Objects: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of visual and somatosensory information on postural sway in stroke patients and carrying out a kinematic analysis using a tri-axial accelerometer and a quantitative assessment. Methods: Thirty-four subjects posed four stance condition was accepted various sensory information for counterbalance. This experiment referred to the computerized dynamic posturography assessments and was redesigned four condition blocking visual and somatosensory information. To measure the postural sway of the subjects' trunk, a wireless tri-axial accelerometer was used by signal vector magnitude value. Ony-way measure analysis of variance was performed among four condition. Results: There were significant differences when somatosensory information input blocked (p<.05). Conclusion: The sensory significantly affecting the balance ability of stroke patients is somatosensory, and the amount of actual movement of the trunk could be objectively compared and analyzed through quantitative figures using a tri-axial accelerometer for balance ability.