• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권11호
• /
• pp.1760-1772
• /
• 2006

Mature acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene (gm, 1,836 bp) was cloned from the housefly and successfully expressed in the E. coli CodonPlus (DE3) RIL system (GM-E, 72 kDa) with a yield of 1,630 mU/g fresh cells. Using the gm, 10 kinds of mutants were constructed and expressed for enhancing sensitivity to insecticides. The sensitivity of these mutants to five kinds of organophosphate (OP) and three carbamate insecticides was investigated by measuring the apparent bimolecular inhibition constant ($k_i=k_2/K_d$). Surprisingly, the sensitivity of quadruple mutant IGFT was enhanced as much as 7-fold for acephate, 164-fold for demeton-S-methyl, 484-fold for dichlorvos, 523-fold for edifenphos, 30-fold for ethoprophos, 30-fold for benfuracarb, 404-fold for carbaryl, and 107-fold for furathiocarb, compared with that of GM-E, although the sensitivity of each single point mutant was slightly increased. These mutational studies indicated that (i) contradictory to Walsh et al. [39], the residue 327 is the important key residue for enhancing sensitivity as much as the residue 262, (ii) the residue 82 and additional residues of 234, 236, and 585 are also important, and (iii) sensitivity was cooperatively accelerated as the number of strategic mutations increased.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제20권9호
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2021

Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is a displacement sensor and is commonly used owing to its wide measurement range, excellent linearity, high sensitivity, and precision. To improve the output characteristics of LVDT, a few studies have been conducted to analyze the output using a theoretical method or a finite element method. However, the material properties of the core and the electromagnetic force acting on the core were not considered in the previous studies. In this study, a finite element analysis model was proposed considering the characteristics of the LVDT composed of coils, core, magnetic shell and electric circuit, and the core displacement. Using the proposed model, changes in sensitivity and linear region of LVDT according to changes in process and material parameters were analyzed. The outputs of the LVDT model were compared with those of the theoretical analysis, and then, the proposed analysis model was validated. When the electrical conductivity of the core was high and the relative magnetic permeability was low, the decrease in sensitivity was large. Additionally, an increase in the frequency of the power led to further decrease in sensitivity. The electromagnetic force applied on the core increased as the voltage increased, the frequency decreased, and the core displacement increased.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.559-571
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study is to determine the predictive validity of the St. Thomas Risk Assessment Tool in Falling Elderly Inpatients (STRATIFY) for inpatients' fall risk. Methods: A literature search was performed to identify all studies published between 1946 and 2014 from periodicals indexed in Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, NDSL and other databases, using the following key words; 'fall', 'fall risk assessment', 'fall screening', 'mobility scale', and 'risk assessment tool'. The QUADAS-II was applied to assess the internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Fourteen studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDisc 1.4. Results: The predictive validity of STRATIFY was as follows; pooled sensitivity .75 (95% CI: 0.72~0.78), pooled specificity .69 (95% CI: 0.69~0.70) respectively. In addition, the pooled sensitivity in the study that targets only the over 65 years of age was .89 (95% CI: 0.85~0.93). Conclusion: The STRATIFY's predictive validity for fall risk is at a moderate level. Although there is a limit to interpret the results for heterogeneity between the literature, STRATIFY is an appropriate tool to apply to hospitalized patients of the elderly at a potential risk of accidental fall in a hospital.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of multisensory exercise on foot pressure sensitivity and balance for the elderly. Method : The subjects were 17 elderly women (11 for the experimental group and 6 for the control group) with a mean age of 83. The subjects all lived in senior residence centers in Seoul. Multisensory exercise was done twice a week for 40 minutes during a 12 week period. Exercise programs were changed every 3 weeks according to the principal of gradual progress of the exercise. In order to train the vision system subjects were asked to open and close their eyes during exercise. When it came to training the vestibular system, subjects stood and walked on high elastic mats with their bare feet. For the somatasensory system subjects always stood and walked with their bare feet. The sub-Metatarsal Pad Elasticity Acquisition Instrument (MPEAI) was used to measure foot pressure sensitivity. MFT Balance test (V1.7) was used to measure anterior / posterior and medial / lateral directional balance. For the statistical analysis the IBM SPSS 21.0 was used to perform Repeatde measured ANOVA and Wilcoxon ranked test. Results : For the multisensory exercise group Hallux (after 6 weeks, 12 weeks), heel (after 6 weeks) and 2nd Metartarsal $40^{\circ}$ (after 6 weeks) pressure sensitivity increased statistically, but the control group didn't change. Also, balance didn't change for the experimental and control group statistically. Conclusion : Exercise with bare feet on a high elastic mat had a partially positive effect on foot sensitivity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.443-448
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium-potassium ratio on insulin resistance and sensitivity in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were 3,722 adults (1,632 men and 2,090 women) aged 40-69 years participating in the Korean genome and epidemiology study_Ansan and Ansung study. Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HoMA-IR) and fasting insulin, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). The 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion were estimated from spot urinary samples using the Tanaka formula. The generalized linear model was applied to determine the association between urinary sodium-potassium ratio and insulin resistance. RESULTS: HoMA-IR (P-value = 0.029, P-trend = 0.008) and fasting insulin (P-value = 0.017, P-trend = 0.005) levels were positively associated with 24-h estimated urinary sodium-potassium ratio in the multivariable model. QUICKI was inversely associated with 24-h estimated urinary sodium-potassium ratio in all models (P-value = 0.0002, P-trend < 0.0001 in the multivariate model). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that high sodium-potassium ratio is related to high insulin resistance and low insulin sensitivity. Decreasing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake are important for maintaining insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in longitudinal studies.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.1110-1118
• /
• 2018

Objective: To perform a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of locally recurrent prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2016. Diagnostic accuracy was quantitatively pooled for all studies by using hierarchical logistic regression modeling, including bivariate modeling and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curves (AUCs). The Z test was used to determine whether adding functional MRI to T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) results in significantly increased diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Results: Meta-analysis of 13 studies involving 826 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy showed a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 91%, and the AUC was 0.96. Meta-analysis of 7 studies involving 329 patients who underwent radiotherapy showed a pooled sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 81%, and the AUC was 0.88. Meta-analysis of 11 studies reporting 1669 sextant biopsies from patients who underwent radiotherapy showed a pooled sensitivity of 54% and specificity of 91%, and the AUC was 0.85. Sensitivity after radiotherapy was significantly higher when diffusion-weighted MRI data were combined with T2WI than when only T2WI results were used. This was true when meta-analysis was performed on a per-patient basis (p = 0.027) or per sextant biopsy (p = 0.046). A similar result was found when $^1H$-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ($^1H$-MRS) data were combined with T2WI and sextant biopsy was the unit of analysis (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Functional MRI data may not strengthen the ability of T2WI to detect locally recurrent prostate cancer in patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy. By contrast, diffusion-weight MRI and $^1H$-MRS data may improve the sensitivity of T2WI for patients who have undergone radiotherapy.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.23-37
• /
• 2022

This study evaluated the engineering students' ethical sensitivity to an AI emotion recognition robot scenario and explored its characteristics. For data collection, 54 students (27 majoring in Convergence Electronic Engineering and 27 majoring in Computer Software) were asked to list five factors regarding the AI robot scenario. For the analysis of ethical sensitivity, it was checked whether the students acknowledged the AI ethical principles in the AI robot scenario, such as safety, controllability, fairness, accountability, and transparency. We also categorized students' levels as either informed or naive based on whether or not they infer specific situations and diverse outcomes and feel a responsibility to take action as engineers. As a result, 40.0% of students' responses contained the AI ethical principles. These include safety 57.1%, controllability 10.7%, fairness 20.5%, accountability 11.6%, and transparency 0.0%. More students demonstrated ethical sensitivity at a naive level (76.8%) rather than at the informed level (23.2%). This study has implications for presenting an ethical sensitivity evaluation tool that can be utilized professionally in educational fields and applying it to engineering students to illustrate specific cases with varying levels of ethical sensitivity.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.595-607
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The Braden Scale is one of the most intensively studied risk assessment scales used in identifying the risk of developing pressure sore. However, not all studies show that the predictive validity of this scale is sufficient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Braden Scale for predicting pressure ulcer development. Methods: Articles published 1946 and 2013 from periodicals indexed in Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, NDSL and other databases were selected, using the following keywords: 'pressure ulcer'. The QUADAS-II was applied to assess the internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Selected studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDisc 1.4. Results: Thirty-eight diagnostic studies with high methodological quality, involving 17,934 patients, were included. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the Braden Scale were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72-0.76), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74-0.76) respectively. However the predictive validity of the Braden Scale has limitation because there was high heterogeneity between studies. Conclusion: The Braden Scale's predictive validity of risk for pressure ulcer is interpreted as at a moderate level. However there is a limitation to the interpretation of the results, because of high heterogeneity among the studies.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
• /
• pp.67-70
• /
• 2003

In recent, the importance and necessity of some studies on reliability evaluation of grid come from the recent black-out accidents occurred in the world. The quantity evaluation of transmission system reliability is very important under competitive electricity environment. The reason is that the successful operation of electric power under the deregulated electricity market depends on transmission system reliability management. The various results of many case studies for the IEEE 25buses system using the Transmission Reliability Evaluation for Large-Scale Systems(TRELSS) Version 5_1, a program made in EPRI are introduced in this paper. Some sensitivity analysis has been included. This paper suggests that the some important input parameters of the TRELSS can be determined optimally from this sensitivity analysis for high reliability level operation of a system.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.639-648
• /
• 2018

The pyranometer for observing the solar radiation reaching the surface of the earth is manufactured by various companies around the world. The sensitivity of the pyranometer at the observatory is required to be properly controlled based on the reference value of the World Radiometric Center (WRC) and the observatory environment; otherwise, the observational data may be subject to a large error. Since the sensitivity of the pyranometer can be calibrated in an indoor or outdoor calibration, this study used a CSTMUSS-4000C Integrating Sphere by Labsphere Inc. (USA) to calibrate the sensitivity of CMP22 pyranometer by Kipp&Zonen Inc. (Netherlands). Consequently, the factory sensitivity of CMP22 was corrected from $8.68{\mu}V{\cdot}(Wm^{-2})^{-1}$ to $8.98{\mu}V{\cdot}(Wm^{-2})^{-1}$, and the result from the outdoor calibration according to the observatory environment was $8.90{\mu}V{\cdot}(Wm^{-2})^{-1}$. After the indoor calibration of the pyranometer sensitivity, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the observational data at the observatory on a clear day without clouds (July 13, 2017) was $7.11Wm^{-2}$ in comparison to the reference pyranometer. After the outdoor calibration of the pyranometer sensitivity based on these results, the RMSE of the observational data was $1.74Wm^{-2}$ on the same day. Periodic inspections are required because the decrease of sensitivity over time is inevitable in the pyranometer data produced at the observatory. The initial sensitivity after indoor calibration ($8.98{\mu}V{\cdot}(Wm^{-2})^{-1}$) is important, and the sensitivity after outdoor calibration ($8.90{\mu}V{\cdot}(Wm^{-2})^{-1})$ can be compared to the data at the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) or can be used for various studies and daily applications.