• Economic Analysis
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-36
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• 2021

Given the US dollar's status as a global safe haven, global factors, such as US monetary policy, may have considerable impacts on financial markets in other countries. Regarding such hypothesis, this paper looked at the impacts of US monetary policy on domestic bond and FX swap markets through an event study. According to our analysis, US monetary policy had significant positive impacts on domestic interest rates. In particular, it turned out to have bigger impacts on long-term products with high term premiums. By period, the correlation between US monetary policy and domestic interest rates was not significant before the financial crisis, but was clearly positive after the crisis. The US conventional monetary policy was seen to have big impacts on short-term and medium-term KTB yields, while its unconventional monetary policy had major impacts on long-term KTB yields. Moreover, FX swap rates reacted very sensitively to US monetary policy shocks before the financial crisis, while they did not show any significant reactions after the crisis. This suggests that, in line with the covered interest rate parity, the impact of US monetary policy shocks was transmitted to domestic financial markets mainly through swap rate adjustments before the global financial crisis, but through the changes in domestic interest rates during the post-crisis period.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.111-129
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• 2012

Domestic franchise industry is a promising business to more than 10% per year growth rate and emerging as core of retail. In addition, due to the socio-cultural phenomena, including the retirement of the baby-boom generation, the growth of the franchise industry for some time expected to continue. But Domestic franchise reveals that limits to ensure for new franchisees because that few industries are concentrated to advance for franchisor and franchisees. Franchisors that within the industry came to a saturated, are for the growth and expansion of business into new industries to deploy as second, third brand. But reality is that the more success rather than failure. Therefore, in this study is a new brand development approach and case study results it focus on the BEERBARKET's successful story of INTO FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC. Case analysis results of this study, are reveled that franchise headquarters derived through research methods and research information, environmental survey and analysis should be continuously and objectively. Thus, based on the derived contents, the new brand Biz-Model should be established for recognition from the industry and customers. Ability to respond sensitively to changes in the environment and business activities can be associated with linking franchise headquarters belonging to the saturated competitive environment more is needed. Through proactively respond Franchise New business launching instance that BEERBARKET's successful story of INTO FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC. suggests the need to study about how to respond to environmental changes.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.258-269
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Currently, safety pharmacological tests for the central nervous system depend on animal behavioral analysis. However, due to the subjectivity of behavioral analysis and differences between species, there is a limit to appropriate nervous system toxicity assessment, therefore a new neurotoxicity assessment that can simulate the human central nervous system is required. Methods and Results: In our study, we developed an in vitro neurotoxicity assessment focusing on neuronal function. To minimize the differences between species and fast screening, hiPSC-derived neurons and a microelectrode array (MEA) that could simultaneously measure the action potentials of the neuronal networks were used. After analyzing the molecular and electrophysiological characters of our neuronal network, we conducted a neurotoxicity assessment on neurotransmitters, neurotoxicants, illicit drugs, and new psychoactive substances (NPS). We found that most substances used in our experiments responded more sensitively to our MEA-based neurotoxicity assessment than to the conventional neurotoxicity assessment. Also, this is the first paper that evaluates various illicit drugs and NPS using MEA-based neurotoxicity assessment using hiPSC-derived neurons. Conclusions: Our study expanded the scope of application of neurotoxicity assessment using hiPSC-derived neurons to NPS, and accumulated evaluation data of various toxic substances for hiPSC-derived neurons.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.86-99
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• 2016

This study was for analyzing the external environment and internal space structure and improving the way of use efficiency in waterfront through the Dragon boat festival to utilize waterfront actively. Through from the four target area, Hongkong, Busan, Incheon and Daejeon, this study was for an importance and satisfaction analysis for users about the element effect on the waterfront use efficiency and the contribution to cultural contents revitalization of waterfront by giving basic data. The result is as follows. First, in the importance analysis about 12 items, modern cultural infra around the waterfront was ranked highest, 8.26 and waterfront landscape, square & openspaces, convenience facilities, transport, green area, quality of viewing space, historic resources, pedestrian, suitability of width, wave, depth, water quality, berth & mooring were ranked in descending order. Second, waterfront landscape was interpreted by rather the external environmental impact according to city size than the matter of spatial structure in target area and judged as an important factor effect on site selection for waterfront. In the analysis of waterfront landscape, the reason of the high satisfaction about domestic target area was that riverside parks were recently made considering their waterfront activities. Viewing space was major infra where people could experience the pleasant waterfront and watch dynamic water leisure sports like Dragon boat three dimensionally and was thought to be improved for the use efficiency. Third, tourism resources were very important element that affect the use efficiency of waterfront, so waterfront users react sensitively to modern tourism resources rather than to historic resources. This meant that tourism infrastructure for shopping and leisure of the young affected the use efficiency of waterfront, so Hongkong and Busan were in a better position in terms of using waterfront that was near the tourism infrastructure. Fourth, in the analysis of traffic accessibility, both Hongkong and Busan were high evaluated in terms of excellent traffic accessibility by subway. Daejeon was low rated in terms of the satisfaction of use efficiency, because of the relative lower place awareness compared with transportation infrastructure. In Hongkong, waterfront was connected with downtown and in Busan, housing complex and shopping centers were located in the place for users in an easily accessible on foot, so the satisfaction was high-pitched. Finally, in the importance of water surface width and the analysis of satisfaction, except Incheon, all the three were over 200m in width of water surface and this meant the surface width above certain level was interpreted to interrupt the concentration of enjoying the water leisure sports. In the analysis of surface condition such as water quality, water depth and wave, through a survey, Busan had a problem with water quality and Gapcheon in Daejeon had a problem with optimal water depth by the festival participants.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.355-365
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• 1994

An analytical model of return flow is presented outside the surf zone. The governing equation is derived from the Navier-Stokes equation and the continuity. Each term of the governing equation is evaluated by the ordering analysis. Then the infinitesimal terms, i.e. the turbulent normal stress, the squared vertical velocity of water particle and the streaming velocity, are neglected. The driving forces of return flow are calculated using the linear wave theory for the shallow water approximation. Especially, the space derivative of local wave heights is described considering a shoaling coefficient. The vertical distribution of eddy viscosity is discussed to the customary types which are the constant, the linear function and the exponential function. Each coefficient of the eddy viscosities which sensitively affect the precision of solutions is uniquely decided from the additional boundary condition which the velocity becomes zero at the wave trough level. Also the boundary conditions at the bottom and the continuity relation are used in the integration of the governing equation. The theoretical solutions of present model are compared with the various experimental results. The solutions show a good agreement with the experimental results in the case of constant or exponential function type eddy viscosity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.207-215
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• 2020

In this experiment, investigated toxicity evaluation of chemicals using Asian toad embryos, along FETAX(Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) protocol. Asian toad, Bufo gargarizans embryo incubated and investigation of Benomyl(Germicide), Carbofuran(Insecticide) and Thiobencarb(Herbicide) effect by probit analysis. As a result, depends on the concentrations of Benomyl, Carbofuran and Thiobencarb, along mortality and malformation rates were increases and larval body length were decreased. The teratogenic concentration(EC₅₀) of Benomyl, Carbofuran and Thiobencarb were 1.03, 8.74, 4.98mg/ℓ, respectively. And when exposed to Benomyl, larvae responded most sensitively to malformations. Embryo lethal concentration (LC₅₀) Benomyl, Carbofuran and Thiobencarb were 7.26, 560.72, 16.87mg/ℓ, respectively. And Benomyl were at the lowest concentration of lethal the embryos. The teratogenic index(TI) were 7.05 in Benomyl, 64.16 in Carbofuran and 3.39 in Thiobencarb, thus TI values were above 1.5, which is the criterion of teratogenicity. Three of the pesticides used in this study were considered to be a teratogenic substances and Carbofuran was the most potent teratogen. And more specific researches are needed to investigate the effects of pesticides on the embryo development of toads and amphibians and their mechanism.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.76-83
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• 2017

Fish respond sensitively to light, so it is possible to develop fish management technology using this feature. In this study, we developed a light-based fish barrier and analyzed itsblocking effect using the difference in illuminance for the major fish species in Korea, bass and bluegill. The light was generated by a light emitting diode and the facility was installed vertically from the bottom. Considering the fish's ability to travel upstream, the flow rate was divided into three stages (0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 m/s). To prevent the learning effect, an experiment was carried out with fish that had rested for more than one day in a rearing tank. The experiment was carried out in such a way as tocompare the number of fish which travelled upstream after the introductionof the fish barrier and that of the fish which travelled upstream after itsremoval. It was also carried out after sunset to increase the effectiveness of the barrier. According to the results of the experiment, the fish blocking effect depending on the difference in illuminance was high and, overall, the blocking rate for bass was lower than that for bluegill. Based on the total size of the experimental population, the blocking rates for bass and bluegill were 96.33% and 99.00%, respectively. Based on the number of fish that travelled upstream, the blocking rates for bass and bluegill were 91.73% and 98.73%, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1997

This study was carried out to establish simple and easy methods to judge the survival, senescence and death of the protoplasts in culture system by identifying the marker substance related to metabolic status of the cells. When rice and tobacco protoplasts were cultured in MS and KM-8P media containing 2,4-D or coconut milk ABA decreased especially in the media containing coconut milk, but GA$_3$, IAA and zeatin increased as the cultures progressed. The decrease of ABA and increase of zeatin was especially remarkable. When the supraoptimal amount of osmoticum (mannitol) was added to the culture media ABA decreased after a momentary increase, but other growth hormones slowly increased as the concentration of the osmoticum increased. Contents of individual hormones were contrasted when protoplasts rice and tobacco were cultured on the same medium containing 10mM super mine or NaCl. Tobacco protoplasts were more sensitive to NaCl stress and stopped protoplast division at the late stage of culture. Protoplast viability decreased greatly in 48 hours when the protoplast were at 32$^{\circ}C$ on a medium lacking several components. ABA content increased up to 10 days from incubation in negative proportion to the protoplast viability. On the other hand contents of other growth hormones, especially zeatin, decreased. The present results clearly showed that the contents of individual growth hormones in the plant protoplasts in culture varied sensitively in response to environmental factors that they are faced with. This indicates that the physiological states of the protoplast, such as survival, senescence or death can be simply judged based on the quantitative analysis of those hormones by ELISA.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

To study the differences of focal liver lesion image detection at 3 minute, 10 minute and 15 minute time points on gadoxetic acid (GA)'s enhanced MR imaging with a flip angle (FA) of $30^{\circ}$ compared with a $11^{\circ}$. The subjects were 69 patients evaluated with GA enhanced MR imaging with 3.0T MR scanner. The patients are total 35(23 men and 7 women at the mean age of 60.4 years), hepatocellular carcinoma(23) and metastsis(12) except for normal, cyst and hemangioma. After GA was injected, FA $11^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ images were obtained at 3 minute, 10 minute and 15 minute time points respectively. After quantitative and qualitative assessment of each image was done, statistical analysis was performed by using the independent sample T-test. From both quantitative and qualitative assessment of 3 minute and 10 minute MR images after the injection of GA, FA $30^{\circ}$ images was found to be superior than FA $11^{\circ}$, but there were no statistical significance. However, at 15 minute time point, Statistically significant FA $30^{\circ}$ image(p<0.05) was better than FA $11^{\circ}$ therefore, the FA $30^{\circ}$ improves the focal liver lesion detection. FA $30^{\circ}$ of MR image can detect liver lesion more sensitively than the existing $FA11^{\circ}$ image after GA contrast enhancement at 15 minute time point.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.173-186
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• 2004

This paper proposed the content-based retrieval system as a method for performing image retrieval through the effective feature extraction of the object of significant meaning based on the characteristics of man's visual system. To allow the object region of interest to be primarily detected, the region, being comparatively large size, greatly different from the background color and located in the middle of the image, was judged as the major object with a meaning. To get the original features of the image, the cumulative sum of tile declination difference vector the segment of the object contour had and the signature of the bipartite object were extracted and used in the form of being applied to the rotation of the object and the change of the size after partition of the total length of the object contour of the image into the normalized segment. Starting with this form feature, it was possible to make a retrieval robust to any change in translation, rotation and scaling by combining information on the texture sample, color and eccentricity and measuring the degree of similarity. It responded less sensitively to the phenomenon of distortion of the object feature due to the partial change or damage of the region. Also, the method of imposing a different weight of similarity on the image feature based on the relationship of complexity between measured objects using the fractal dimension by the Boxing-Counting Dimension minimized the wrong retrieval and showed more efficient retrieval rate.