• Title/Summary/Keyword: sense of well-being

검색결과 238건 처리시간 0.029초

순회진료사업(巡回診療事業)의 문제점(問題点)과 개선방향(改善方向) (일부(一部) 무의지역에 대(對)한 지역사진단(地域社診斷)을 중심(中心)으로) (A Study on the Mobile Medical Service Program -Based on the Community Diagnosis of a Remote Farm Area-)

  • 박항배;최동욱
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.86-97
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    • 1978
  • The mobile medical service has been operated for many years by a number of medical schools and hospitals as a most convenient means of medical service delivery to the people residing in such area where the geographical and socioeconomic conditions are not good enough to enjoy modern medical care. Despite of official appraisal showing off simply with numbers of outpatients treated and medical persons participated, however, as well recognized, the capability (in respect of budget, equipment and time) of those mobile medical teams is so limitted that it often discourages the recipients as well as medical participants themselves. In the midst of rising need to secure medical service of good quality to all parts of the country, and of developing concept of primary health care system, authors evaluated the effectiveness of and problems associated with mobile medical servies program through the community diagnosis of a village (Opo-myun, Kwangju-gun) to obtain the information which may be halpful for future improvement. 1. Owing to the nationwide Sae-Maul movement powerfully practiced during last several years, living environment of farm villages generally and remarkably improved including houses, water supply and wastes disposal etc. Neverthless, due to limitations in budget time and lack of knowledge (probably the most important), these improvements tend to keep up appearances only and are far from the goal which may being practical benefit in promoting the health of the community. 2. As a result of intensive population policy led by the government since 1962, there has been considerable advances in understanding and the rate of practicing family planning through out the villages and yet, one should see many things, especially education, to be done. Fifty eight per cent of mothers have not received prenatal check and the care for most (72%) delivery was offered by laymen at home. 3. Approximately seven per cent of the population was reported to have chronic illness but since only a few (practically none) of the people has had physical check up by doctors, the actual prevalence of chronic diseases may reach many times of the reported. The same fact was observed also in prevalence of tuberculosis; the patients registered at local health center totaled 31 comprising only 0.51% while the numbers in two neighboring villages (designated as demonstration area of tuberculosis control and mass examination was done recently) were 3.5 and 4.0% respectively. Prevalence rate of all dieseses and injuries expereinced during one month (July, 1977) was 15.8%. Only one tenth of those patients received treatment by physicians and one fifth was not treated at all. The situation was worse as for the chronic patients; 84% of all cases either have never been treated or discontinued therapy, and the main reasons were known to be financial difficulty and ignorance or indifference. 4. Among the patients treated by our mobile clinic, one third was chronic cases and 45% of all patients, by the opinion of doctors attended, were those who may be treated by specially trained nurses or other paramedics (objects of primary care). Besides, 20% of the cases required professional managements of level beyond the mobile team's capability and in this sense one may conclude that the effectiveness (performance) of present mobile medical team is quite limitted. According to above findings, the authors would like to suggest following for mobile medical service and overall medicare program for the people living in remote country side. 1. Establishment of primary health care system secured with effective communication and evacuation (between villages and local medical center) measures. 2. Nationwide enforcement of medical insurance system. 3. Simple outpatient care which now constitutes the main part of the most mobile medical services should largely be yielded up to primary health care unit of the village and the mobile team itself should be assigned on new and more urgent missions such as mass screening health examination of the villagers, health education with modern and effective audiovisual aids, professional training and consultant services for the primary health care organization.

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국내 조경산업의 기술인력 현황과 수급 예측 (A Human Resources Study of the Landscape Architecture Industry in Korea)

  • 변재상;신상현
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.33-45
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    • 2009
  • 인력 중심의 산업적 성격이 강한 조경업은 실질적 생산 활동의 주체라고 할 수 있는 기술인력의 관리가 매우 중요하다. 그러나 조경업은 경기에 민감한 산업적 특성으로 인하여 최근과 같은 국내외 경제여건과 정책의 변화 등에 따라 매우 민감하게 반응하게 되고 이러한 특성은, 곧 조경현장의 인력수급에 많은 영향을 미치게 된다. 결과적으로 인력에 대한 올바른 수급 균형이 깨지게 되어, 산업체에서는 조경기술인력의 부족에 허덕이게 되고, 새로 사회에 진출하는 신규 인력은 마땅한 일자리를 찾지 못하는 상황으로 악순환을 계속하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구는 현 조경산업의 올바른 기술인력 수급현황을 파악하고 이를 통해 향후 요구되는 인력수요와 공급상황을 분석함으로써, 기존 기술인력과 신진 기술인력의 적절한 수급균형을 맞추고, 이를 통해 미래 조경산업의 안정화를 꾀하고자 진행되었다. 본 연구에서 도출된 결과에 따르면, 초급기술자에 해당하는 조경산업기사 이상의 기술인력은 매년 10% 수준의 인력공급 증가가 예상된다. 이를 2008년 기술인력 공급현황인 1,137명을 기준으로 추정하면 1,251명의 인력공급이 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 이에 비하여 조경업체의 수요 기술인력은 현재 조경산업에 종사하는 기술인력을 14,783명으로 추정하였을 경우, 매년 540여명 정도의 증가가 예상된다. 결과적으로 1,251명의 공급 기술인력은 현재 조경산업체에서 필요로하는 540여명의 기술인력에 비하여 약 2.3배 정도에 해당하는 수치이다. 즉 조경분야에서는 공급인력의 초과를 충분히 예상할 수 있으며, 적절한 통제를 통하여 수요에 대응할 수 있는 인력공급계획이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 올바른 인력수급체계가 갖춰지지 못한다면, 앞으로도 기술인력에 대한 공급과 업체에서의 수요 불균형으로, 조경 인력에 대한 경쟁력이 저하될 수밖에 없을 것이다. 또한 학 경력 인정기술자 제도의 폐지로 자격증에 대한 수요가 더욱 가속화될 것으로 예상되는 시점에서 각 교육기관에서는 해당 인력에 대한 자격요건을 충분히 갖춘 후에 졸업시킬 수 있는 경쟁력 있는 인재양성 방안을 좀 더 적극적으로 강구하여야 할 것이다.

디자인의 형태와 기능에 관한 연구 (Essay on Form and Function Design)

  • 이재국
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.63-97
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    • 1989
  • There is nothing more important than the form and function in design, because every design product can be done on the basis of them. Form and Function are already existed before the word of design has been appeared and all the natural and man-made things' basic organization is based on their organic relations. The organic relations is the source of vitality which identifies the subsistance of all the objects and the evolution of living creatures has been changed their appearances by the natural law and order. Design is no exception. Design is a man-made organic thing which is developed its own way according to the purposed aim and given situations. If so, what is the ultimate goal of design. It is without saying that the goal is to make every effort to contribute to the -human beings most desirable life by the designer who is devoting himself to their convenience and well-being. Therefore, the designer can be called the man of rich life practitioner. This word implies a lot of meanings since the essence of design is improving the guality of life by the man-made things which are created by the designer. Also, the things are existed through the relations between form and function, and the things can keep their value when they are answered to the right purpose. In design, thus, it is to be a main concern how to create valuable things and to use them in the right way, and the subject of study is focused on the designer's outlook of value and uk relations between form and function. Christopher Alexander mentioned the importance of form as follows. The ultimate object of design is form. Every design problem begins with an effort to achieve fittness between the form and its context. The form is the solution to the problem: the context defmes the problem. In other words, when we speak of design, the real object of discussion is not form alone, but the ensemble comprising the form and its context. Good fit is a desirable property of this ensemble which relates to some particular division of the ensemble into form and context. Max Bill mainatined how important form is in design. Form represents a self-contained concept, and its embodiment in an object results in that object becoming a work of art. Futhermore, this explains why we use form so freguently in a comparative sense for determining whether one thing is less or more beautiful than another, and why the ideal of absolute beauty is always the standard by which we appraise form, and through form, art itself. Hence form has became synonymous with beauty. On the other hand, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy stated the importance of function as follows. Function means the task an object is designed to fulfill the task instrument is shaping the form. Unfortunately, this principle was not appreciated at the same time but through the endeavors of Frank Lloyd Wright and of the Bauhaus group and its many collegues in Europe, the idea of functionalism became the keynote of the twenites. Functionalism soon became a cheap slogan, however, and its original meaning blurred. It is neccessary to reexamine it in the light of present circumstances. Charles William Eliot expressed his idea on the relations between function and beauty. Beauty often results chiefly from fittness: indeed it is easy to manitain that nothing is fair except what is fit its uses or functions. If the function of the product of a machine be useful and valuable, an the machine be eminently fit for its function, it conspicuously has the beauty of fittness. A locomotive or a steamship has the same sort of beauty, derived from the supreme fittness for its function. As functions vary, so will those beauty..vary. However, it is impossible to study form and function in separate beings. Function can't be existed without form, and without function, form is nothing. In other words, form is a function's container, and function is content in form. It can be said that, therefore, the form and function are indispensable and commensal individuals which have coetemal relations. From the different point of view, sometimes, one is more emphasized than the other, but in this case, the logic is only accepted on the assumption of recognizing the importance of the other's entity. The fact can be proved what Frank Hoyd wright said that form and function are one. In spite of that, the form and function should be considered as independent indivisuals, because they are too important to be treated just as the simple single one. Form and function have flexible properties to the context. In other words, the context plays a role as the barometer to define the form and function, also which implies every meaning of surroun'||'&'||'not;dings. Thus, design is formed under the influence of situations. Situations are dynamic, like the design process itself, in which fixed focus can be cripping. Moreover, situations control over making the good design. Judging from the respect, I defined the good design in my thesis An Analytic Research on Desigh Ethic, "good design is to solve the problem by the most proper way in the situations." Situations are changeable, and so is design. There is no progress without change, but change is not neccessarily progress. It is highly desirable that there changes be beneficial to mankind. Our main problem is to be able to discriminate between that which should be discarded and that which should be kept, built upon, and improved. Form and Function are no exception. The practical function gives birth to the inevitable form and the $$\mu$ti-classified function is delivered to the varieties of form. All of these are depended upon changeable situations. That is precisely the situations of "situation de'||'&'||'not;sign", the concept of moving from the design of things to the design of the circumstances in which things are used. From this point of view, the core of form and function is depended upon how the designer can manage it efficiently in given situations. That is to say that the creativity designer plays an important role to fulfill the purpose. Generally speaking, creativity is the organization of a concept in response to a human need-a solution that is both satisfying and innovative. In order to meet human needs, creative design activities require a special intuitive insight which is set into motion by purposeful imagination. Therefore, creativity is the most essential quality of every designer. In addition, designers share with other creative people a compulsive ingenuity and a passion for imaginative solutions which will meet their criteria for excellence. Ultimately, it is said that the form and function is the matter which belongs to the desire of creative designers who constantly try to bring new thing into being to create new things. In accordance with that the main puppose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of the form and function and to close analyze their relations for the promotion of understanding and devising practical application to gradual progression in design. The thesis is composed of four parts: Introduction, Form, Function and Conclusion. Introduction, the purpose and background of the research are presented. In Chapter I, orgin of form, perception of form, and classification of form are studied. In Chapter II, generation of function, development of function, and diversification of function are considered. Conclusion, some concluding words are mentioned.ioned.

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PMO 역량에 따른 프로젝트 성과에 관한 연구 (An Exploratory Study on the Project Performance by PMO Capability)

  • 배재권;김진화;김상열
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.53-77
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    • 2008
  • In recent years, although numbers of corporations are bringing in PMO, they seem to be indifferent to PMO performance measurement. This demonstrates that there are also other reasons beside performance measurement of information systems (IS) project being ambiguous by introducing PMO; the lack of acknowledging the concrete function of PMO, and the scarcity of empirical study about the effect of PMO on the project members and project performance. In this sense, this study is aimed at proposing a new research model in which project success factors (i.e., standardization, management advocacy, and staff expertise) affect PMO capability (i.e., knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency) positively, leading to project performance (i.e., task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes) eventually. To empirically test the research model, data are surveyed from PMO department and IS department. To prove the validity of the proposed research model, PLS analysis is applied with valid 132 questionnaires. By employing PLS technique, the measurement reliability and validity of research variables are tested and the path analysis is conducted to do the hypothesis testing. The path analysis results can be organized into 7 ways in large scale. First, standardization of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency of PMO capabilities. The findings of this result indicate that the multiple or single project management should satisfy standardization in order to operate an effective PMO. Second, management advocacy of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency. Management advocacy refers to the willingness of management to provide the required resources and authority for project success. There is agreement among researchers regarding the importance of management advocacy for favorable PMO capability. Third, staff expertise of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency. The findings of this result indicate that the formation of an exceptional consultant or members with a proficient knowledge for staff expertise of project member is the key factor to elevate the PMO capability. Past research suggests that experience and knowledge and the resultant familiarity with the problem faced can be an important determinant of PMO capability. A capable project with appropriate staff expertise means that it enjoys a diversity of abilities and experiences. Fourth, knowledge management competency of PMO capabilities has a positive impact on psychological outcomes but has no direct effect on task outcomes and organizational outcomes. In domestic case of S. Korea, PMO was finally introduced to many other corporations in 2005 though it started bringing in 2000. Therefore, it had neither a significant impact on the task outcomes nor organizational outcomes by lacking the contents and the infrastructure of the knowledge management because the knowledge consolidation and management period of PMO is comparatively shorter by terms than other foreign nations. Fifth, resources management competency of PMO capabilities has a positive association with task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes. In addition, problem solving competency of PMO capabilities has a positive association with task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes. Therefore, the findings of this results stress that PMO capabilities has a positive impact on project performance. Sixth, according to the path analysis of the hypothesis, which suggested in this research, problem solving competency is the PMO capability which is the key success factor for task, psychological, and organizational outcomes as an integrated performance model. Further, the analysis reveals that problem solving competency is an important factor for integrated performance model. The finding is in line with past IS research, which affirms that the work of IS projects is essentially a problem solving endeavor. Seventh, in the path analysis of the hypothesis in this research, the path of the management advocacy $\rightarrow$ problem solving competency $\rightarrow$ organizational outcomes appears to be the most important and strongest path. In brief, the finding of this study suggests that project success factors influence PMO capability positively, and project performance as well. From the results, it can be concluded that PMO helped great improve the project success rate and project performance. This study advances research on PMO capability in three important aspects. First, the findings of our study have implications for IS theory and future research. Our study contributes to IS theory by synthesizing concepts from PMO research and project management research with those in IS research. We proposed and tested PMO capability of IS projects and the findings of our investigation provided some preliminary answers to some of the questions raised. Secondly, this thesis does not only help depicting the concept of IT governance but also approaches empirically. It makes a gradual approach to the main content, step by step, in contrary of simple standard, scholastic way of thinking. Finally, we argued that this task-oriented(technical) view is not sufficient to adequately conceptualize IS project performance. Hence, we applied that the research on organization teams, which provides a flip viewpoint to that of project management research in that it gives more weight for psychological outcomes of organizational work groups, can be very helpful in reconceptualizing the IS project performance construct. The limitations of this study are also discussed to provide research directions for future research.

창옥병(蒼玉屛)의 위치 비정(比定) 및 사암(思菴) 박순(朴淳)의 정원유적 연구 (Assumptions on the Location of Changokbyeong and Saahm Park Soon's Garden Remains)

  • 노재현;박주성;최종희
    • 한국전통조경학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.37-50
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    • 2016
  • 창옥병의 지명 오류에 대한 문제의식을 바탕으로 고지도, 옛시문, 옛그림 등의 문헌자료조사와 암각 및 조망특성에 대한 현장조사 그리고 인터뷰를 통해 창옥병의 위치를 비정하고, 이곳의 향유주체인 사암 박순과 그가 경영한 배견와 및 별업 이양정의 공간 구조와 정원적 면모를 고찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 창옥병은 옥병서원과 일체감을 갖는 공간역으로 옛그림과 고지도 그리고 암각문의 존재로 볼 때 옥병서원 바로 앞의 석벽임을 추정할 수 있다. 이 지역과 현재 창옥병으로 알려진 오가리석벽과는 직선거리로 불과 약 460m거리에 위치하고 있어 광의의 창옥병 경관영향권으로 볼 수 있다. 시문에 등장하는 "창옥병급산금(蒼玉屛及散襟)"이란 표현에서도 산금대라 암각된 병풍바위가 바로 협의의 창옥병임이 유추된다. 또한 오가리석벽에서는 단 1점의 암각도 확인되지 않는 반면 옥병서원 전면부 암벽 도처에는 사암 박순이 명명하고 주문하여 새긴 11개소의 암각 중 8개의 경물명과 제영시가 필첩(筆帖)처럼 밀집되어 있음은 옥병서원 앞의 강벽(江壁)이 의심할 여지없는 창옥병인 것으로 비정된다. '수월정신송균절조(水月精神松筠節調)'암각은 창옥병의 향유주체였던 사암의 고매한 인격과 덕행을 함축하는 창옥병의 상징언어이자 이곳의 장소 요체(要諦)로, 기존 알려진 것과는 달리 우암 송시열의 필적으로 바로잡아야 한다. 한편 사암의 정원유적 창옥병은 왼쪽으로부터 산금대-수경대-청학대-백학대의 4개 대로 구성되어 있다. 산금대 후면에는 본제인 배견와를, 백학대 좌측의 기암석벽 위에는 별업 이양정을 조성하여 멀리 오가리석벽의 장관(壯觀)을 관망하는 조망구도를 갖도록 계획되었다. 사대(四臺)) 좌측 가장 높은 곳에 입지한 이양정은 사암의 별업이자 독서처이자 장구지소(杖屨之所)이며 그 앞 너럭바위에 존재하는 와준(窪樽)은 사암의 술풍류를 반영한 정원시설로 비정된다.

우리나라 어머니의 자녀 양육의 의미 - 거제지역을 대상으로 - (An Ethnography of Child-Rearing Experiences of Korean Mothers Living on Koje Island)

  • 이수연
    • 여성건강간호학회지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.518-535
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    • 2001
  • Nursing practices should be based on the understanding of human beings. In order to understand human beings, it is important to study the lifestyles and thoughts of people in their natural environment. In this sense, the cultural aspects of a society need to be studied for a culture-bound nursing service. Child care, which is an important element of nursing, is also strongly influenced by the culture of a society. Therefore, a cultural study is necessary to understand the child-rearing practices of any society. The major purpose of this dissertation is to provide basic foundations for developing a culture-based theory for nursing intervention through studying traditional cultural elements of child care in Korean society. The study examined child-rearing practices in a small village on Koje Island in the southern part of Korea. It utilized ethnographic methodologies including participatory observations and in-depth interviews. The study participants were 9 Korean mothers living on Koje Island. The average age was 52. The data were collected between July in 1998 and December in 1999. The average number of interviews per person was 7-8, and the duration of each interview was approximately 2 hours. The data were analyzed using the Spradley Analytical Method. The following 9 major child-rearing aspects of mothers on Koje Island were discovered as a result of the study: 1. Firstly, mothers on Koje Island were mostly concerned about the "Old Birth Goddess' Curse", especially during their child's early years. This concern was evidenced by their careful behavior when their child was very young and by their praying to the Old Birth Goddess not to be jealous of their babies. 2. Secondly, they wished their children to live a different and better life than themselves. It was represented by their strong motivation toward their children's education as well as their expectation for their children's success. In traditional Korean culture, Korean people think that the rise and fall of the household depend on their offsprings. Therefore, Korean mothers wish their children attain to a higher level of social status through education. 3. Third, mothers are concerned about their children's righteousness. Mothers on Koje island expect their children to live with discretion, justice, strength, respect, harmony, and to do their best in life. 4. Next was an 'anticipation of their children's happy marriage'. The attributes of this category were an 'anxiety about their children's married life', and 'an expectation of a good spouse for their children'. Because Korean people believe that only a son can continue the bloodline of a family, especially Korean mothers have a great concern of the possibility of their daughters not having a son after marriage. Also they have different expectations toward their daughter-in-laws than son-in-laws. 5. Korean mothers also derived their satisfaction from their son. It was characterized by 'excessive affection toward their son', 'dependency on their son', and 'being afraid of their married daughter having a girl like themselves'. Korean society has been a patriarchy. Therefore, a son is beloved as someone who will take care of his old parents, be in charge of ancestral rites, and provide a daughter-in-law who can conceive a son. 6. The sixth category concerned 'the differences in their expectations for their children'. The attributes in this category were 'different expectations depending on their children's gender', 'different expectations depending on their children's ability', and a 'great sympathy toward children with low abilities'. Korean mothers expect their son to become better than their daughter. 7. The seventh category was related to their 'roles in child-caring practices'. Traditionally a child was raised in an extended family system in Korea So it was not the sole duty of a mother to bring up the child. Korean mothers used to receive much help rasing children from their in-laws, and family members. On the other hand, many children grew up by themselves, because their mothers were very busy taking care of housework. Furthermore, many children also grew up in poverty. 8. Mothers also had issues related to 'conflicts in child rearing'. They were characterized by 'lack of understanding', 'rudeness of children', and 'giving vent to one's anger'. 9. Finally, mothers regretted not doing their best in child-rearing practices. It was characterized by a 'bitter feeling of repentance', 'feeling irritated', and 'feeling of unsatisfaction'.

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중학생의 신체상 지각수준과 성형수술 허용도 (Middle School Students' Perception of Body Image and Allowance for Plastic Surgery)

  • 배진주;박영수
    • 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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    • 제5권
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    • pp.25-42
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    • 2004
  • This study set out to investigate the relations between middle school students' perception of body image and their allowance for plastic surgery, to understand their perception of body image and desire for plastic surgery, and provide some data needed to warn against reckless plastic surgery and guide the students effectively. For those purposes, an examination was conducted of the relationships between the individual characteristics and perception levels of body image, the individual characteristics and allowance for plastic surgery, and perception levels of body image and allowance for plastic surgery. The subjects were drawn from sour middle schools located in two regions of Gyeonggi Province. Total 922 boys and girls were surveyed on a questionnaire, which was developed based on the pretest of previous literature, reviewed for appropriateness, and tested for reliability and reasonableness. The body image on the five scale was greater as the perception level was higher. The allowance for plastic surgery was also greater as the scores were more. The findings were as follows: First, the relationships between individual characteristics and perception levels of body image were examined. The third graders showed the highest perception level, being followed by the first and second graders. The girls were more perceptive than the boys, and those who were extrovert were more perceptive than those who were introvert. Those students whose parents earned 2 million won or more a month and who adapted themselves to the environmental changes had a higher perception level. In a word, the girls from the middle class that were well adapted, felt happy, and were extrovert had a higher perception level of body image. Second, the connections between individual characteristics and allowance for plastic surgery were investigated. The third graders were the most admissive of plastic surgery, followed by the second and first graders. That is, the upper graders were more admissive of plastic surgery. In addition, the girls were more admissive than the boys, and those who were extrovert were more than those who were introvert. There were no significant differences according to the monthly income of the parents, grades, adaptability to surroundings, and happiness, which results almost resembled the findings of a study conducted on adults. Third, there were negative correlations found between the perception levels of body image and the allowance for plastic surgery. To elaborate, the higher the perception levels were, the lower the allowance was, and vice versa. As for the items, the subjects showed more allowance for plastic surgery when they scored less in the item of caring about appearance, importance of looking pretty to others, and efforts to improve appearance. When they had a low value of body and easily felt tired, they were highly acceptive of plastic surgery. The allowance for plastic surgery was also great when their perception was much of how healthy they felt, how important they felt about their bodies, how they were satisfied with their current appearances, how they evaluated the appearance of others, how much they were satisfied physically, and how much demanding they were for physical changes. Meanwhile, there were no correlations between the allowance and physical attraction, the degree for one's activities to be hindered, and sickness. In short, the demand for plastic surgery was 41% for the girls and 20.2% for the boys. Just as the study on adults reported, those who had a low or negative perception of body image were more acceptive of plastic surgery. The middle school students were generally positive about their bodies with the lowest perception level at 2.91 and the highest at 3.21. Their individual allowance for plastic surgery was related to their individual body images, which were in turn affected by the mass communication, surrounding environments, and social values. Thus it's necessary for the entire society to try to improve or change the overall perception. Helping measures should be taken so that the students can form right sense of values about their bodies, avoid the obsession with appearance and appearance-based evaluation, and exercise righteous criteria against humans beings and things. In conclusions, the following suggestions were made: they need to develop such questionnaires or tools as can measure the body image of teens and fit the reality. Moreover, body image improvement programs should be more diverse and more applicable to teens. Despite the consistent reports that prove the correlations between body image and plastic surgery, there has been little effort to apply such factors as experience of the life of the disabled, volunteer activities for the disabled and at the hospitals, and others that can induce changes to body image to the body image improvement programs. In the future, comparative research should be carried out on body image and plastic surgery.

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『서유기』에 나타난 유불도의 특징과 삼교회통론 (The Character of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and Intermixture of Three Religions in Journey to the West)

  • 김경수
    • 동양고전연구
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    • 제69호
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    • pp.593-622
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 "서유기"에 나타난 유교 불교 도교 각각의 특징과 더불어 세 종교가 함께 어울려 드러내는 삼교회통의 성격을 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 풍자와 해학이 중심을 이루면서도 감동과 희망 그리고 대리만족이라는 구조를 가지고 있는 이 소설은 민중들에게 하나의 도피처라고 할 수 있는데, 도교적 수련을 통하여 얻게 되는 불교적 깨달음의 경지에 대한 이야기가 바로 "서유기"인 것이다. 천계에서도 여러 신들이 모두 완전한 존재는 아니며 종종 실수를 범한다. 이러한 이야기 속에서 인간으로 살아가고 있는 존재들의 실수쯤이야 그야말로 하찮은 것이다. 이 세상의 삶의 구조와 다를 것이 없는 것이 여전히 천성의 세계인 것이다. 세상은 지상에서나 천상에서나 어디든 부조리와 모순이 난무하고 있다. "서유기"에 나타나는 삼교회통의 특징은 몇 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 삼장법사의 여행은 단순히 불법의 깨달음을 얻기 위한 것이 아니라 보다 큰 의미의 도를 구하는 여행이라고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 깨달음을 얻기 위한 방편은 굳이 어느 하나가 좋다든가 옳다는 주장을 하고 있지 않다는 사실이다. 셋째, 억압받고 착취당하는 민중들을 위한 자비와 선행 그리고 생명존중정신은 모든 종교에 공통하는 요소이다. 넷째, 이 이야기는 처음 시작부터 이미 모든 것은 마음의 문제임을 암시하고 있다. 사실 이 소설에서 등장하는 모든 요괴나 고난들은 다 평범한 사람들의 마음속에서 일어나는 갈등일 뿐이다. 다섯째, 이 소설에서 나타나는 유불도 삼교의 논리는 모두 '예정론'이라고 할 수 있다. 인간의 삶은 어쩌면 숙명처럼 예정된 길을 가고 있는 것임을 암시하고 있다. 그러나 중요한 것은, 모든 종교가 그러하듯이, 설사 그 길이 예정된 길이라고 할지라도 묵묵히 자기의 임무를 수행하면서 살아가는 자세 그것이 또한 삶의 길임을 "서유기"는 강하게 그리고 설득력 있게 이야기 하고 있는 것이다.

<옥소선 이야기> 속 소시민적 욕망의 성취와 한계 (The Achievements and Limitations of Petit Bourgeois Desires in "Oksosun Story")

  • 이원영
    • 고전문학과교육
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    • 제32호
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    • pp.327-355
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    • 2016
  • 이 연구에서는 천예록 소재 <옥소선 이야기>를 통해 작중 인물의 소시민적 욕망의 면모를 살펴보고자 하였다. 소시민적 인물의 욕망과 그 지향성은 다분히 세속적이며 이기적이다. 이러한 인물상은 봉건사회에서 근대사회로 이행하는 시기에 대두하기 시작한 중립적 존재로서의 소시민적 특성과 많이 닮아있다. 이 소시민이란 개념은 현대의 대중 및 서민의 한 특성을 가리키는 데에도 자주 사용된다. 소시민적 태도에 대한 지금의 이해와 작품 속 인물들의 특성은 크게 다르지 않다. 소시민에게 중요한 것은 사회에 대한 원대한 지배이념이나 현실개혁 의지가 아니라, 무엇보다 자기 삶의 만족을 이루고자 하는 현실적이고도 일상적인 욕망의 성취와 안정이다. 이에 주체가 어떠한 욕망을 가지는 지에 따라 충족의 태도와 과정에서 반사회적이거나 이기적인 경계적 특성이 나타나기도 한다. 그러나 그 행동의 반경은 거대한 현실의 지배체제 속에 국한되어 있고, 자신의 소유와 만족을 충족하는 것에 개인적인 삶의 목표가 그치는 것이 특징이다. 이는 생이 사랑을 추구하기 위해 가족과 사회를 저버리고 자란과의 결연을 충족하지만, 반사회적 태도로 끝까지 사회와 대립하기 보다는 과거급제를 통해 가정과 사회 속의 재진입하여 안정을 획득하는 것과 통한다. 또한 본 작품이 현재적으로 유의미한 이유는 사랑이라는 인간 본연의 자기 욕망을 발견하고, 그것을 긍정하여 충족하고자 반봉건적 행위-불효, 불충, 불열-마저 감행하며 움직인 생의 주체적 행보에 있다. 이러한 생의 욕망 추구에 힘입어 옥소선도 관기라는 자신의 신분적 굴레를 벗어나 사랑의 주체가 되고자 하는 자기욕망을 긍정하게 되어 사회제도로부터 일탈하는 것이다. 나아가 이 과정에서 자기 행적의 사회적 한계점을 인식하고, 이를 보완하기 위해 자구적 방식으로 노력한다. 이에 과거급제라는 개인의 지적능력 실현으로 사회에 재진입하는 점에서 소시민적 욕망의 성취와 한계의 일면을 찾을 수 있다. 조선 후기 근대로의 이행기 때에는 개인적 욕망과 자유의지에 목마른 근대적 인간형과 함께 주체적 삶에 대해 아직 이질적 몰이해 상태인 봉건적인 인간형이 혼재되어 있었을 것이다. 이는 지금, 여기의 현재적 상황과도 크게 다르지 않다. 작품은 현실의 거대한 장벽 안에서 왜소한 '자기'의 존재적 각성과 미진하게나마 발현되는 주체적 욕망에 큰 가치를 부여하며 이를 조명하고 있다. 나아가 현실논리 속에 실패를 경험한 개인의 경험과 각고의 노력을 소소한 성취로서 긍정한다. 이렇듯 스스로의 만족을 향한 행복을 능동적으로 추구하며 인간답게 사는 삶을 권면한다는 점에서 본 작품은 현대 독자들에게도 여전히 유효한 문학적 의미를 발한다.

지능형 온라인 핸드메이드 서비스 도입을 위한 구매자 의사결정모형에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Buyer's Decision Making Models for Introducing Intelligent Online Handmade Services)

  • 박종원;양성병
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.119-138
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    • 2016
  • 산업혁명 이후 기계로 만든 공산품이 시장의 대부분을 차지하고 있지만, 최근에는 장인의 노력, 품질에 대한 믿음, 제품의 희소성, 제품을 사용함으로써 얻는 자부심 등을 이유로 많은 소비자들이 같은 범주의 공산품보다 더 비싼 가격을 주고 핸드메이드 제품을 구매하고 있다. Etsy.com은 세계 최대 온라인 핸드메이드 플랫폼으로 2015년 4월 기업공개에서 2조원이 넘는 자금을 조달하면서 온라인 핸드메이드 플랫폼의 잠재력을 증명하였다. 그러나 실제 온라인 플랫폼 환경에서 이루어진 지능형 서비스 관련 선행연구들을 살펴보면 대부분 공산품만을 대상으로 하고 있어, 핸드메이드 제품에 대한 학술적 접근이 충분히 이뤄지지 않고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 신호 이론과 온라인 플랫폼에서의 구매자-판매자 관계 특성에 대한 선행연구를 바탕으로 온라인 핸드메이드 플랫폼에 적용 가능한 핵심 특성요인인 입점 상점 특성(명성, 규모)과 입점 상점 관계특성(정보공유, 관계기간)을 도출한 후, Etsy.com 웹사이트에서 웹 하베스팅 방법으로 수집된 데이터를 이용하여 실증 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 입점 상점 특성 가운데 명성과 규모, 그리고 입점 상점 관계특성 가운데 정보공유는 입점 상점의 총 판매량에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 입점 상점 특성 중 명성, 그리고 입점 상점 관계특성 중 관계기간은 입점 상점의 가격 프리미엄에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로 온라인 핸드메이드 플랫폼에서 지능형 서비스 도입 및 운영을 위한 효과적인 관리 기준을 제시하고, 나아가 입점 상점이 핸드메이드 제품에 대한 판매량 증진 및 가격 프리미엄 극대화를 위한 실질적 전략 마련에 도움이 될 수 있기를 기대한다.