Food intake of birds can be affected by particle size as well as diet composition, In order to investigate whether food intake of diets including excessive amount of phenyalanine(Phe) was influenced by diet types. a series of experiments were conducted in growing chicks and laying hens. Growing chicks significantly decreased food intake in a semipurified excessive Phe diet compared with a semipurified control diet, while laying hens fed a practical diet including excess Phe did not significantly reduce their food intake over a corn starch-substituted control diet. In an attempt to find out whether diet type affects food intake in layers, the semipurified type diet with excess Phe greatly reduced food ingestion, but the effect was delayed in the practical type diet. Moreover, under choice feeding regimes between the Phe and either starch, tyrosine(Tyr) or fiber diets in order to investigate whether the decreased food intake in the presence of an excess of dieary Phe in laying hens is involved in the palatability for the diet, there was no significant difference between Phe and starch diet while a preference for the Phe diet tended to be increased when birds were offered Tyr. Laying hens ingested significantly more the Phe diet than the fiber diet within 1 h after feeding. For supporting the idea that preference for the Phe diet may be affected by manipulating taste sense, an anaesthetic or saline was intramuscularly administered under the tongue just before a choice feeding. Preference for the Phe diet was not significantly different from that for the fiber reference diet within 1 h in the anaesthetized birds while the birds preferred the Phe diet in the saline treated group. It is suggested that because birds are able to select a diet, the decreased food intake induced by dietary excess Phe may be due to the repulsive effect of Phe after ingestion but not the taste of Phe.
This experiment was conducted to develop an experimental model and a semipurified diet for vitamin C requirement study in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Prior to the start of the feeding trial, fish were fed the control diet for four weeks to deplete their body reserves of vitamin C, Then fish were divided into six groups and given one of the laboratory developed semipurified diets supplementing either 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 150, o. 1500 mg L-ascorhic acid (AA)/kg diet for eight weeks. Fish fed control diet had lower hematocrit than did fish from groups fed the other diets (P<0.05). Also these fish had significantly lower percent weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and muscle AA than did fish fed diets containing 150 and 1500 mg AA/kg diet (P<0.05). Diet analysis of vitamin C showed that the control diet had 39,7 mg AA/kg diet. Therefore, these fingings suggest that the experimental model and the semipurified diet can be useful for vitamin C requirement study, and the dietary vitamin C requirement is greater than 40 mg AA/kg diet, but 150 mg AA/kg diet is adequate for the maximum growth in juvenile Korean rockfish.
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.27
no.4
/
pp.698-704
/
1998
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of diet of Korean safflower(Carthamus tinctorious L.) seed powder on bone tissue during the recovery of rib-fracture in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats of 10 weeks old, weighing 370$\pm$5g, were divided into two groups including the control group(C group, AIN-76 semipurified diet) and safflower seed group(S group, AIN-76 semipurified diet+10% safflower seed powder) and were fed experimental diets for 12 days after adaptation period. After this period, the 9th right rib was fractured surgically and sham-operation was also performed. Rats were fed with experimental diets for up to 30 more days after rib-fracture. The degree of bone repair was evaluated during the recovery period at the 8th, 11th, 16th, 21st, 30th days after the surgical operation by microscopic observation of the fractured rib tissue. In callus formation, the portion of hyaline cartilage was noticably higher in S group than C group. The intracatilagenous ossification was observed at the 8th day in S group, but at 11th day in C group. The intramembranous ossification in callus was widely found over the 8th day to the 11th day in S group, but it was shown over the 11th day to the 16th day in C group. Bone resorption was also occured more rapidly in S group as indicated by large numbers of osteoclasts observed. At the 30th day, most of trabecular bones were disappeared in S group, whereas still shwon in C group over wide ranges of fractured ribs. These results imply that the supplementation of Korean safflower seed powder influences in the recovery of bone fracture by accelerating the process of bone repair.
A long term feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of different dietary vitamin C levels on growth and its tissue distributions in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Prior to the start of feeding trial, fish were fed the basal diet supplementing no L-ascorbic acid for four weeks to minimize their body reserves of vitamin C. Then fish were divided into six groups with triplicates and given one of the laboratory semipurified diets supplementing either 0, 25, 50, 75, 150, or 1500 mg L-ascovbic acid (AA)/kg diet $(C_0,\;C_{25},\;C_{50},\;C_{75},\;C_{150},\;&\;C_{1500})$. Fish fed the $C_0$ diet had lower percent weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio than did fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). After 28 weeks of feeding trial, tissue AA concentrations of fish fed $C_0$ diet were lower than those of fish fed $C_{1500}$ diet (P<0.05). A large amount of total tissue Ah may be reserved in muscle, but the unit AA concentration seemed to be higher in brain than did the other tissues. The growth performances of fish fed $C_{25}$ diet were not different compared to those of fish fed $C_{50}-C_{1500}$ diets (P>0.05), and diet analysis of vitamin C showed that the $C_{25}$ diet had 65 mg AA/kg diet. Therefore, the present long-term study may suggest that the dietary vitamin C requirement is approximately 65 mg AA/kg diet in juvenile Korean rockfish.
A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the nutritional value of various dietary protein sources without a vitamin premix supplementation in juvenile black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Diets containing similar quantities of lipid and carbohydrate with 50% crude protein from fish meal (FM)/soybean meal (SBM)/corn gluten meal (CGM), FM only, casein/gelatin, high FM/low casein and low FM/high casein were fed to rockfish along with a commercial rockfish diet. The diet containing only 65.6% FM and the commercial rockfish diet produced significantly greater weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) than all other semipurified diets (SPDs); the economical diet with 52.8% FM, 10% SBM and 5% CGM produced lower WG than the diet containing FM and commercial rockfish diet, but FE and survival were similar both diets. Intermediate responses were observed for rockfish fed the SPD containing 32.8% FM and 27.4% casein, while SPDs containing 10% FM and 41.8% casein and 38.5% casein and 10% gelatin yielded the lowest WG and FE. Some differences in tissue indices and body composition of rockfish were induced by the diets containing various protein sources and levels without the vitamin premix supplementation.
Rumen bacterial amino acids in sheep on urea diet were monitored to assess a possible change in amino acid synthesis as a long term response to high rumen ammonia environment. A sheep was fed a semipurified diet with soybean meal, followed by a diet with urea as a main nitrogen source. Mixed rumen bacteria were harvested from ruminal fluid taken 3 h after feeding (twice in soybean meal feeding and 6 times in urea feeding) and fractionated as cell wall, proteins and protein-free cell supernatant of monitor amino acids in each fraction. Ruminal ammonia concentration at the sampling ranged from 5.7 to 39.5 mgN/dl. Cell wall and protein fractions of mixed rumen bacteria were stable in their amino acid composition regardless of nitrogen sources of diet and the feeding duration. However, protein-free cell supernatant fraction showed a higher alanine proportion with urea feeding (18.6 and 28.2 molar % of alanine for samples from sheep fed soybean meal and urea, respectively) and its duration (20.6 and 32.9 molar % for samples from sheep on urea diet for 1 and 65 days, respectively). Total free amino acid level of bacteria was depressed in the initial period of urea feeding but restored on 65th day of the feeding. These results suggest that an alanine synthesizing system may develop in rumen bacteria as urea feeding becomes longer.
To investigate the effects mustard leaf(Brassica Juncea) on Cholesterol metabolism, male Sprague Dawley rate were fed semipurified diets containing 2% or 4% mustard leaf with or without cholesterol for 5 weeks. Plasma cholesterol content decreased significantly by feeding 4% mustard leaf with of without cholesterol for 5 weeks. Plasma cholesterol content decreased significantly by feeding 4% mustard leaf in rats fed 1% cholesterol in the diet. In addition, HDL-cholesterol increased slightly by the feeding of mustard leaf, resulting in a significant increase in the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and a reduction of atherosclerotic index. However, levels of plasma lipids were not influenced by mustared leaf in rats fed cholesterol-free diet. The contents of all classes of lipid in liver increased by dietary cholesterol. Of the liver lipids, triglyceride and cholesterol ester were accumulated most, showing a fatty liver synodrome. Supplementation of mustard leaf to cholesterol-containing diet resulted in a slight decrease in neutral lipid contents of liver. Fecal cholesterol excretion was higher by more than 2.7 and 3.3-fold in rats fed 2 and 4% mustard leaf than in control rats fed cholesterol. Similar trends were found in fecal bile salt excretion; rats fed and 4% mustard leaf excreted more bile salts by more than 1.5 and 2% than those fed control diet containing cholesterol. In summary, mustard leaf may have an antiatherogenci effect of reducing plasma cholesterol level and increasing HDL-cholesterol level. The plasma cholesterol lowering effect of mustard leaf is suggested to be due, at least in part, to increase in fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids.
Carcinogenicity of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP) to the mose forestomach and its inhibitor activity for the initiation of Benzo[a]pyrene(BP)-induced mouse forestomach neoplasia were studied on the mouse forestomach carcinogenesis regimen. One hundred female ICR mice(6~7 weeks of age) were hosed in a poly-carbonate cage (4 mice/cage) in a humidity- and temperature-controlled room subjected to a semipurified diet for a week. Mice were divided into 4 treatment groups (25 mice/treatment): Basal diet, DEHP, BP, and BP+DEHP. On Monday and wednesday, 0.1ML DEHP mixed with 0.1ml olive oil (for DEHP and DEHP+BP treatment groups) or 0.1ml saline+0.1ml olive oil (for basal diet group) was intubated, p.o., and on Friday, 2mg BP dissolved in 0.2ml olive oil (for BP and BP+DEHP treatment groups) was intubated, p.o. This cycle was repeated for 4 weeks. Beginning with the first intubation of BP an continuing thereafter, body weight and food intake were recorded once and twice weekly, respectively. All surviving mice were sacrificed 22 weeks after the first dose of BP intubation and countered forestomach tumor. No tumor was formed by DEHP treatment. 5.75 tumors per mouse was formed by BP treatment, whereas its number was reduced to 4.53 by BP+DEHP treatment. Similar results were seen in the tumor incidence. Body weight gain was not affected by DEHP treatment, when compared to that b basal diet treatment. The body weight was significantly reduced by BP treatment, but its reduction was recovered to the level of the basal diet group by BP+DEHP treatment. No significant difference was seen in food intake among all treatment groups. These results indicate that DEHP lacks carcinogenic activity to the mose forestomach and rather inhibits the initiation of BP-induced mose forestomach neoplasia.
Effects of hesperetin and naringenin on the concentration of triacylglycerol in the serum and liver were studied in male golden hamster fed with the semipurified diet containing at 1% level of them for 3 weeks. The concentration of triacylglycerol in serum of the naringenin group decreased by 31%, whereas that in liver increased by 37% compared to the control group. The concentration of triacylglycerol in the serum and liver of the hesperetin group was slightly lower than the control group. The activity of microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in the liver, which is a key enzyme for biosynthesis of triacylglycerol, was significantly inhibited in the hesperetin group, whereas it was not affected in the naringenin group. The effect of hesperetin on phosphatidate phosphohydrolase was also measured in vitro. Hesperetin decreased the activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase with a dose-dependent manner. Both naringenin and hesperetin did not statistically affect the daily food consumption, body weight, liver weight, and total cholesterol in the serum. The observation accounts for the hypotriglyceridemic effect of hesperetin in the hyperlipidemic hamster.
This study was designed to determine whether selenium (Se) nutrition affects pulmonary glutathione peroxidase and alveolarization in the neonatal rat. Twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats were bred and fed a semipurified Se-deficient (0.04 ppm, Se-) or a Se-adequate (0.5 ppm, Se+) diet through pregnancy and lactation. Pulmonary DNA synthesis was slightly higher in Se+ pups than in Se- pups on d 6 and d 9 of lactation, but significant difference was not found. As pulmonary alveolarization progressed, mean air space size decreased and internal surface area and lung volume increased. No difference in pulmonary alveolarization was found between Se- and Se+ pups by age. Pulmonary Se concentration was higher in Se+ pups than in Se- pups at all age. Glutathione peroxidase activity in lung tissur reflected Se status and was lower in Se- pups than in Se+ pups. In conclusion, selenium has no significant effect on alveolarization of neonatal lungs. but it is necessary for adequate supply of pulmonary antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.