• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제6권6호
• /
• pp.433-440
• /
• 2000

To flexibly evaluate performance and reliability of a real-time system which is intrinsically characterized by stringent timing constraints to generate correct responses, we propose fuzzyrandom variables and build a discrete event model embedded with fuzzy-random variables. Also, we adapt fuzzy-variables to a path-space approach, which derives the upper and lower bounds of reliability by using a semi-Markov model that explicitly contains the deadline information. Consequently, we propose certain formulas of state automata properly transformed by fuzzy-random variables, and present numerical examples applying the formulas to RTP(Rapid Thermal Process) to show that a complex system can be properly evaluated based on this model by computer simulation.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.424-431
• /
• 2006

Many types of tuned mass dampers (TMDs), such as active TMDs, multiple TMDs, hybrid TMDs etc., have been studied to effectively reduce the dynamic responses of a structure subjected to various types of dynamic loads. In this study, we replace a passive damper by a semi-active tuned mass damper to improve the control performance of conventional TMDs (STMD). An idealized variable damping device is used as semi-active dampers. These semi-active dampers can change the properties of TMDs in real time based on the dynamic responses of a structure. The control performance of STMD is investigated with respect to various types of excitation by numerical simulation. Groundhook control algorithm is used to appropriately modulate the damping force of semi-active dampers. The control effectiveness between STMD and a conventional passive TMD, both under harmonic and random excitations, is evaluated and compared for a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure. Excitations are applied to the structure as a dynamic force and ground motion, respectively. The numerical studies showed that the control effectiveness of STMD is significantly superior to that of the passive TMD, regardless of the type of excitations.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제26권6A호
• /
• pp.1001-1011
• /
• 2006

재료인수, 기하인수 또는 작용하중 등에 불확실성을 가지는 구조에 대한 추계론적 해석의 정확해는, 일반적인 관점에서, 불확실성을 표현하는 추계장의 수치생성과 이에 대한 몬테카를로 해석을 통하여 얻을 수 있다. 그러나 불확실 인수의 공간적 분포를 나타내는 추계장은 그 특성을 표현해주는 두 가지의 함수를 동시에 만족시켜야 한다. 하나는 확률변수의 공간적 분포 상황을 표현해주는 스펙트럼밀도함수이며, 다른 하나는 통계적 특성을 나타내는 확률밀도함수이다. 일반적으로 이들 두 함수를 동시에 만족시키는 추계장의 정확한 수치생성은 여러 이유에서 어려운 일로 여겨지고 있다. 그러나 상관관계거리가 무한대인 확률변수상태의 경우 추계장은 상수추계장이 되며, 이 경우 스펙트럼밀도함수에 의하여 부과되는 제한조건은 사라지게 되어, 단순히 확률밀도함수에 대한 조건만이 남게 된다. 이 경우, 구조인수의 불확실성에 의한 구조응답은 확률밀도함수만을 고려하여 얻을 수 있게 된다. 이렇게 산정되는 응답변화도는 기존의 급수전개 및 섭동법 등의 수치해법은 물론 몬테카를로 해석에서도 얻을 수 없었던 정확해에 대한 준이론해를 제공해 줄 수 있다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.683-690
• /
• 2012

In this work, the semi-active control of a large-sized bus suspension system with an MR damper was studied. An MR damper model that can aptly describe the hysteretic characteristics of an MR damper was adopted. Parameter values of the MR damper model were suitably modified by considering the maximum damping force of a passive damper used in the suspension system of a real large-sized bus. In addition, a fuzzy logic controller was developed for semi-active control of a suspension system with an MR damper. The vertical acceleration at the attachment point of the MR damper and the relative velocity between sprung and unsprung masses were used as input variables, while voltage was used as the output variable. Straight-ahead driving simulations were performed on a road with a random road profile and on a flat road with a bump. In straight-ahead driving simulations, the vertical acceleration and pitch angle were measured to compare the riding performance of a suspension system with a passive damper with that of a suspension with an MR damper. In addition, a single lane change simulation was performed. In the simulation, the lateral acceleration and roll angle were measured in order to compare the handling performance of a suspension system using a passive damper with that of a suspension system using an MR damper.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.2829-2840
• /
• 2018

음이 아닌(non-negative) 측정값을 가지는 확률변수에 있어서, 영(0)이 과도하게 측정되는 자료를 반연속형(semi-continuous) 자료와 영-과잉(zero-inflated) 자료로 구분한다. 이러한 자료에서는 특정 확률 분포(probability distribution) 하에서의 확률보다 훨씬 큰 확률로 0을 관측하게 되는데, 연속형(continuous) 확률분포를 고려하는 경우에는 반연속형으로, 이산형(discrete) 확률분포를 고려하는 경우에는 영-과잉이라고 한다. 본 연구에서는 경계값(0)의 측정 여부에 관한 모형과 0보다 큰 확률변수에 대한 확률분포를 활용한 모형 등 두 개의 부문으로 이루어진 모형, 즉 2-부문 모형(two-part model)을 소개하고자 한다. 특히, 이산형 확률분포 중 포아송 분포와 음이항 분포를 고려한 영-과잉 회귀모형(regression model)을 설명하고 그 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 실증연구에서는 이러한 영-과잉 회귀모형을 활용하여 지난 10년(2009년부터 2018년) 간 한국의 여름철(6-8월) 폭염주의보(heat-wave advisory) 및 폭염경보(heat-wave warning) 발생일수를 적합하였다. 또한 공간예측기법 중 하나인 범용크리깅(universal kriging)을 이용하여 적합결과를 바탕으로 한 폭염 발생일수에 대한 예측지도를 작성하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.355-368
• /
• 2023

This article introduces the R package ELCIC (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ELCIC/index.html), which provides an empirical likelihood-based information criterion (ELCIC) for model selection that includes, but is not limited to, variable selection. The empirical likelihood is a semi-parametric approach to draw statistical inference that does not require distribution assumptions for data generation. Therefore, ELCIC is more robust and versatile in the context of model selection compared to the currently existing information criteria. This paper illustrates several applications of ELCIC, including its use in generalized linear models, generalized estimating equations (GEE) for longitudinal data, and weighted GEE (WGEE) for missing longitudinal data under the mechanisms of missing at random and dropout.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.577-588
• /
• 2016

Due to the uncertainties related to the flaw assessment parameters, such as flaw size, fracture toughness, loading spectrum and so on, the probability concept is preferred over deterministic one in flaw assessment. In this study, efforts have been made to develop the reliability based flaw assessment procedure which combines the flaw assessment procedure of BS7910 and first-and second-order reliability methods (FORM/SORM). Both crack length and depth of semi-elliptical surface crack at weld toe were handled as random variable whose probability distribution was defined as Gaussian with certain means and standard deviations. Then the limit state functions from static rupture and fatigue perspective were estimated using FORM and SORM in joint probability space of crack depth and length. The validity of predicted limit state functions were checked by comparing it with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. It was confirmed that the developed methodology worked perfectly in predicting the limit state functions without time-consuming Monte Carlo simulation.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.35-51
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to provide information for research about residents' opinion toward the physical environments of elderly facilities, through the analysis and investigation on the research methodology of foreign academic journal articles from 1990 to 2014. The study results were as follows: Firstly, purposive sampling was a large majority of both facilities and elderly residents. In quantitative studies, many researchers have conducted simple random, cluster, or stratified sampling. Diverse facilities in area, size, location, and etc. should be considered for participation. The qualifications for residents' participation should be considered as well, so that they all could have autonomy for study participation. Secondly, questionnaire and semi-structured guide were likely to be used in independent and resident care facilities. On the other hand in assisted living and long-term care facilities, open questions and visual material were used as well. A compatible scale should be developed so that elderly having variable functional level could participate independently in the study. Thirdly, in data collection process, compliance with research ethics and well trained interviewer's skill were important for residents' active responses and minimization of response errors. Enough research period of time and mixed study in data collection will decrease the response error.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2019

This study deals with the reliability analysis approach of the temporary structure that can consider the uncertainty in rotational stiffness at the joints of the members, for which the semi-rigid connections are modelled as rotational spring and its coefficient is treated as a random variable following uniform distribution. In addition, this study introduces a computational procedure of the effective length coefficient for more accurate buckling load according to connection conditions of the supporting members attached to the joint. From the results of this study, it can be seen that the failure probability of the joint-hinge model (Case 1) presented in the design standard is higher than that of the practical model (Case 5) considering the rotational stiffness at the joints. This implies that the design standard leads to a conservative design of the temporary structure. The results also confirmed that the failure probability of the vertical member, i.e., the most critical member, can be further reduced when the base connection is provided with a fixed end. The comparative results between FORM, SORM and MCS further demonstrated that FORM can have a high level of numerical efficiency while ensuring the accuracy of the solution, compared with SORM and MCS. Based on these results, the proposed approach can be used as an accurate and efficient reliability analysis method of the three dimensional temporary structure.