• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1590-1597
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• 2004

Three methods of design sensitivity analysis for structures such as numerical method, analytical method and semi-analytical method have been developed for the last three decades. Although analytical design sensitivity analysis can provide very exact result, it is difficult to implement into practical design problems. Therefore, numerical method such as finite difference method is widely used to simply obtain the design sensitivity in most cases. The numerical differentiation is sufficiently accurate and reliable fur most linear problems. However, it turns out that the numerical differentiation is inefficient and inaccurate in nonlinear design sensitivity analysis because its computational cost depends on the number of design variables and large numerical errors can be included. Thus the semi-analytical method is more suitable for complicated design problems. Moreover, semi-analytical method is easy to be performed in design procedure, which can be coupled with an analysis solver such as commercial finite element package. In this paper, implementation procedure fur the semi-analytical design sensitivity analysis outside of the commercial finite element package is studied and the computational technique is proposed for evaluating the partial differentiation of internal nodal force, so called pseudo-load. Numerical examples coupled with commercial finite element package are shown to verify usefulness of proposed semi-analytical sensitivity analysis procedure and computational technique for pseudo-load.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.492-497
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• 2004

Three methods for design sensitivity such as numerical differentiation, analytical method and semi-analytical method have been developed for the last three decades. Although analytical design sensitivity analysis is exact, it is hard to implement for practical design problems. Therefore, numerical method such as finite difference method is widely used to simply obtain the design sensitivity in most cases. The numerical differentiation is sufficiently accurate and reliable for most linear problems. However, it turns out that the numerical differentiation is inefficient and inaccurate because its computational cost depends on the number of design variables and large numerical errors can be included especially in nonlinear design sensitivity analysis. Thus semi-analytical method is more suitable for complicated design problems. Moreover semi-analytical method is easy to be performed in design procedure, which can be coupled with an analysis solver such as commercial finite element package. In this paper, implementation procedure for the semi-analytical design sensitivity analysis outside of the commercial finite element package is studied and computational technique is proposed, which evaluates the pseudo-load for design sensitivity analysis easily by using the design variation of corresponding internal nodal forces. Errors in semi-analytical design sensitivity analysis are examined and numerical examples are illustrated to confirm the reduction of numerical error considerably.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1209-1216
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• 2005

Three methods for design sensitivity such as numerical differentiation, analytical method and semi-analytical method have been developed for the last three decades. Although analytical design sensitivity analysis is exact, it is hard to implement for practical design problems. Therefore, numerical method such as finite difference method is widely used to simply obtain the design sensitivity in most cases. The numerical differentiation is sufficiently accurate and reliable for most linear problems. However, it turns out that the numerical differentiation is inefficient and inaccurate because its computational cost depends on the number of design variables and large numerical errors can be included especially in nonlinear design sensitivity analysis. Thus semi-analytical method is more suitable for complicated design problems. Moreover semi-analytical method is easy to be performed in design procedure, which can be coupled with an analysis solver such as commercial finite element package. In this paper, implementation procedure for the semi-analytical design sensitivity analysis outside of the commercial finite element package is studied and computational technique is proposed, which evaluates the pseudo-load for design sensitivity analysis easily by using the design variation of corresponding internal nodal forces. Errors in semi-analytical design sensitivity analysis are examined and numerical examples are illustrated to confirm the reduction of numerical error considerably.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2000

Attempts were made to analyze the behavior of single and multiple-bolted connections through theoretical methods such as European yield theory, empirical approaching method, and semi-rigid theory instead of many experimental methods that have been actually inefficient and non-economical. In the case of a single-bolted connection, if accurate characteristic values of a material could be guaranteed, it would be more convenient and economical to perform the behavior analysis using a model based on the semi-rigid theory, instead of the existing complex yield model, or the empirical formula which produces errors, giving different results from the actual ones. If the variables of equation determining the load and deformation could be appropriately controlled, the analytical method in conjunction with a semi-rigid theory could be effectively applied to obtain the desirably predicted value, considering that the appropriate solution could be derived through a simpler equation using a less difficult method compared to the existing yield model. It is concluded that analytical method with semi-rigid theory can be used in the behavior analysis of bolted connection because our developed method showed excellent analysis ability of behavior until number of bolt is two. Although our analytical method has the disadvantage that the number of bolt is limited to two, it is concluded that it has the advantage than numerical method which complicated and time-consuming.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.585-592
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• 2003

Among various sensitivity evaluation techniques, semi-analytical method(SAM) is quite popular since this method is more advantageous than analytical method(AM) and global finite difference method(FDM). However, SAM reveals severe inaccuracy problem when relatively large rigid body motions are identified fur individual elements. Such errors result from the numerical differentiation of the pseudo load vector calculated by the finite difference scheme. In the present study, an iterative method combined with mode decomposition technique is proposed to compute reliable semi-analytical design sensitivities. The improvement of design sensitivities corresponding to the rigid body mode is evaluated by exact differentiation of the rigid body modes and the error of SAM caused by numerical difference scheme is alleviated by using a Von Neumann series approximation considering the higher order terms for the sensitivity derivatives.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.491-496
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• 2003

In sensitivity analysis, semi-analytical method(SAM) reveals severe inaccuracy problem when relatively large rigid body motions are identified for individual elements. Recently such errors of SAM resulted by the finite difference scheme have been improved by the separation of rigid body mode. But the eigenvalue should be obtained first before the sensitivity analysis is performed and it takes much time in the case that large system is considered. In the present study, by constructing a reduced one from the original system, iterative method combined with mode decomposition technique is proposed to compute reliable semi-analytical design sensitivities. The sensitivity analysis is performed by the eigenvector acquired from the reduced system. The error of SAM caused by difference scheme is alleviated by Von Neumann series approximation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2008

본 연구를 통해서 율러리안-라그랑지안 방법(ELM)의 본질적인 문제점인 입자추적오차에 의해 발생되는 질량오차를 최소화하기 위해서, 새로운 통합 입자 추적 방법이 개발되었다. 새로운 통합입자 추적 방법은 시간 간격 내에서 시공간의 속도변화를 동시에 고려한 수치 해석적 방법, 준해석적 방법, 그리고 해석적 방법을 결합시킨 것이다. 수치 해석적 방법, 준해석적 방법, 그리고 해석적 방법의 수학적 유도를 자세히 나타내었고, 네 가지 예제를 만들어서 개발된 통합입자추적방법을 해석해 및 4차 룬지쿠타 방법과의 비교를 통해서 검증하였을 뿐만 아니라 기존의 입자추적방법인 Lu의 방법과 비교를 통해서 우수성을 보였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1967-1973
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• 1994

The free vibration of a thin plate with three different boundary conditions is discussed in this paper. A semi-analytical approach to the plate problems has been exploited using computer algebra system(CAS). The approximate solutions are assumed as algebraic polynomials that satisfy the appropriate boundary conditions. In order to solve problems, Galerkin method is used, which is known as an ineffective tool for practical engineering problems, being involved with a large number of multiple integration and differentiation. All the admissible functions used in this paper are generated automatically by CAS otherwise a tedious algebraic manipulations should be done by hand. One, six and fifteen-term solutions in terms of frequency parameters are presented and compared with exact solutions. Even using one-term solution, the comparison with existing data shows good agreement and accuracy of the present method.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.301-309
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• 1995

Shape optimal design of an excavator boom to minimize weight can be formulated as a nonlinear programming problem with an automesh refinement carried out by using the finite element method. The design variables are the radii and the coordinates of the circle to describe the excavator boundary shape. In addition to the displacement and stress constraints, geometric constraints are imposed such that the nodes cannot cross the certain range. The optimum design is obtained by using the PLBA nonlinear programming code. The sensitivity derivatives are calculated using the semi-analytical scheme. Numerical results of an excavator boom show potential for weight reduction of 4.4%(65.6 kgf) when considering the displacement, stress and geometric constraints.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2003년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
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• pp.649-659
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• 2003

OFDM/FH communication system Is widely used in the wireless communication for the large capacity and high-speed data transmission. However, phase noise and PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) are the serious problems causing performance impairment. In this paper, PLL (phase locked loop) frequency synthesizer with high switching speed is used for the phase noise model. SSPA and TWTA are considered for the nonlinear HPA model. Under these conditions and by approximating $e^{j{\phi}[m]}$ into $1 + j{\phi}[m]-\frac{1}{2}{\phi}^2[m]$ for the phase noise nonlinear approximation, SINR (signal-to-interference-noise-ratio) with nonlinear HPA and phase noise is derived in the OFDM/FH system. The bit error probabilities (BER) are found by computer simulation method and semi-analytical method. The simulation results closely match with the semi-analytical results.