• 제목/요약/키워드: semantic features

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한돌 타래의 디아스포라 서사와 미학 (The Diaspora Narrative and Aesthetics in Handol's Tarae)

  • 신사빈
    • 대중서사연구
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.189-219
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    • 2020
  • 이 글은 한돌 이흥건의 타래를 서사와 미학의 측면에서 분석한다. 이 때 등장하는 분석 요소는 자연과 인간, 소외와 관심, 분단과 통일, 디아스포라와 겨레 등 이항 대립의 현상과 본질이다. 1970년대 후반부터 1990년대 초반까지의 타래는 군사 독재 때부터 발생한 산업화와 도시화, 난개발, 서구화, 입시 위주 교육, 빈부 차, 인간 소외, 분단 갈등의 사회 문제를 무저항과 불복종의 정신으로 맞서는 상실과 고통의 체험 서사를 노래하였다. 그리고 창작 의욕이 단절된 공백기를 자기 성찰과 노력으로 극복한 이후의 타래는 '자연의 울림과 자기의 참모습', '디아스포라 의식과 겨레의 얼'을 일체화하는 디아스포라 서사시의 느낌이 두드러진다. <터>에서 시작한 조국과 국토, 겨레에 대한 서사시는 <한뫼줄기>를 전환점으로 뿌리보다 길을 찾는 디아스포라 의식이 선명해진다. 한돌은 음악보다 서사의 원천에서 영감을 얻는다. 그의 타래는 '노랫말을 위해서 리듬이 곁들어지는 것'에 치중한다. 이 때문에 타래가 갖는 기호학적 특성은 내재적 의미(슬픔의 정서)가 오묘해도 외형적 음운이 단순한 것이 한계다. 공감과 더불어 감동까지 끌어내는 데는 내포적(의미론적)인 부분과 외연적(음운론적)인 부분의 조화가 필요하다. 슬픔의 정서를 더 많은 사람이 공유하려면 음운론적 요소를 강화할 필요가 있다. 슬픔에 대한 공감과 감동은 동일한 경험의 이야기보다 비슷한 정서의 분위기에 이끌리는 경우가 더 많다. 타래 속 슬픔의 미학은 유년 시절부터 겪은 상실과 고독, 가난의 맥락에서 표출된 원초적인 체험 서사에서 출발하지만, 긴 공백기를 거치면서 심화한 슬픔의 미학은 타인(실향민, 해외 입양자, 러시아 고려인, 일본군 위안부 피해자 등)의 디아스포라 경험까지 자기화하면서 궁극적인구원 서사를 지향한다. 이로써 타래는 잠재적으로 민족의 한계를 뛰어 넘을 가능성도 지니게 되었다. '이산되는 소리'로서의 타래는 다른 세계 음악과의 접점에서 깊은 슬픔의 호소력으로 유리한 국면을 맞을 수 있다. 반다문화주의가 아닌 상호문화주의의 지향으로 글로벌 디아스포라 담론을 형성할 수도 있다. 한돌의 타래는 디아스포라 음악으로서 지속적으로 공감의 영역을 찾고 인식의 지평을 넓혀나가는 것이 향후 과제요 목표다.

창의적인 UCC 제작에 영향을 미치는 동기 및 보상 체계에 대한 연구: 몰입에 매개 효과를 중심으로 (An Empirical Study on Motivation Factors and Reward Structure for User's Createve Contents Generation: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Commitment)

  • 김진우;양승화;임성택;이인성
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.141-170
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    • 2010
  • User created content (UCC) is created and shared by common users on line. From the user's perspective, the increase of UCCs has led to an expansion of alternative means of communications, while from the business perspective UCCs have formed an environment in which an abundant amount of new contents can be produced. Despite outward quantitative growth, however, many aspects of UCCs do not meet the expectations of general users in terms of quality, and this can be observed through pirated contents and user-copied contents. The purpose of this research is to investigate effective methods for fostering production of creative user-generated content. This study proposes two core elements, namely, reward and motivation, which are believed to enhance content creativity as well as the mediating factor and users' committement, which will be effective for bridging the increasing motivation and content creativity. Based on this perspective, this research takes an in-depth look at issues related to constructing the dimensions of reward and motivation in UCC services for creative content product, which are identified in three phases. First, three dimensions of rewards have been proposed: task dimension, social dimension, and organizational dimention. The task dimension rewards are related to the inherent characteristics of a task such as writing blog articles and pasting photos. Four concrete ways of providing task-related rewards in UCC environments are suggested in this study, which include skill variety, task significance, task identity, and autonomy. The social dimensioni rewards are related to the connected relationships among users. The organizational dimension consists of monetary payoff and recognition from others. Second, the two types of motivations are suggested to be affected by the diverse rewards schemes: intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation occurs when people create new UCC contents for its' own sake, whereas extrinsic motivation occurs when people create new contents for other purposes such as fame and money. Third, commitments are suggested to work as important mediating variables between motivation and content creativity. We believe commitments are especially important in online environments because they have been found to exert stronger impacts on the Internet users than other relevant factors do. Two types of commitments are suggested in this study: emotional commitment and continuity commitment. Finally, content creativity is proposed as the final dependent variable in this study. We provide a systematic method to measure the creativity of UCC content based on the prior studies in creativity measurement. The method includes expert evaluation of blog pages posted by the Internet users. In order to test the theoretical model of our study, 133 active blog users were recruited to participate in a group discussion as well as a survey. They were asked to fill out a questionnaire on their commitment, motivation and rewards of creating UCC contents. At the same time, their creativity was measured by independent experts using Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Finally, two independent users visited the study participants' blog pages and evaluated their content creativity using the Creative Products Semantic Scale. All the data were compiled and analyzed through structural equation modeling. We first conducted a confirmatory factor analysis to validate the measurement model of our research. It was found that measures used in our study satisfied the requirement of reliability, convergent validity as well as discriminant validity. Given the fact that our measurement model is valid and reliable, we proceeded to conduct a structural model analysis. The results indicated that all the variables in our model had higher than necessary explanatory powers in terms of R-square values. The study results identified several important reward shemes. First of all, skill variety, task importance, task identity, and automony were all found to have significant influences on the intrinsic motivation of creating UCC contents. Also, the relationship with other users was found to have strong influences upon both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Finally, the opportunity to get recognition for their UCC work was found to have a significant impact on the extrinsic motivation of UCC users. However, different from our expectation, monetary compensation was found not to have a significant impact on the extrinsic motivation. It was also found that commitment was an important mediating factor in UCC environment between motivation and content creativity. A more fully mediating model was found to have the highest explanation power compared to no-mediation or partially mediated models. This paper ends with implications of the study results. First, from the theoretical perspective this study proposes and empirically validates the commitment as an important mediating factor between motivation and content creativity. This result reflects the characteristics of online environment in which the UCC creation activities occur voluntarily. Second, from the practical perspective this study proposes several concrete reward factors that are germane to the UCC environment, and their effectiveness to the content creativity is estimated. In addition to the quantitive results of relative importance of the reward factrs, this study also proposes concrete ways to provide the rewards in the UCC environment based on the FGI data that are collected after our participants finish asnwering survey questions. Finally, from the methodological perspective, this study suggests and implements a way to measure the UCC content creativity independently from the content generators' creativity, which can be used later by future research on UCC creativity. In sum, this study proposes and validates important reward features and their relations to the motivation, commitment, and the content creativity in UCC environment, which is believed to be one of the most important factors for the success of UCC and Web 2.0. As such, this study can provide significant theoretical as well as practical bases for fostering creativity in UCC contents.