• 제목/요약/키워드: self-starting

검색결과 297건 처리시간 0.025초

한국노인의 회상(回想)의 본질에 관한 연구 (The Nature of Korean Elder의s Reminiscence : A Phenomenological Approach)

  • 이은정
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.498-509
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    • 1998
  • The phrases such as elders' powerless soliloquy or stammering and their positions unadjusted to the real world are, so far, one of negative views on elder's reminiscences. In other words, it means that elders can get psychological consolation from the getting themselves absorbed in their past. The starting point of this study is, however, that elders' reminiscence are their own mode of the existence. This dissertation is studied through Van Manen's phenomenological research method. The aim of this study is to examine the nature of Korean elders' reminiscences by both observing and describing the reminiscing content in everyday life of elders. The research participants consist of the ten elders who are community elders, hospitalized elders and nursing home residents. The period of the research is about a year from Jan., 1996 to Feb., 1997. The results of this study are as follows : The natures of elders' reminiscences are the regrecting on their life, mitigating the regrects, the confirmation of the powers and the confirmation of their life's mark. The regrecting on their life is the starting point of elders's reminiscences. Elders have tried to examine their life through reflection on their life that they did not live good life as son and daughter for parents and as parents for children and that they have foolishly lived, on dream that they did not come true, on their learning that they did not unsatisfied. But elders mitigate the regrects. They have felt their limitations of power in the conflict of human relation, the economic matter and the difficult predicament, and have finally accepted their life as it is by conquesting from their tenacity. It is dynamically found that both the regrecting on their life and mitigating of the regrection. And they pursuit the powers. It means the pursuit of the vital powers, the vigorous powers and the competency. Elders have pursued their vitality, vigor and competency through their reminiscences and have wanted to be recognised by others as a powerful being. These have dynamic and compounded aspects. The confirmation of their life's mark refer to through their own situation of health, condition, children, neighbourhood and doing their duty as a human. Elders have confirmed the present value of their being through the reflecting the present, past self, other men around themselves, children, neighborhood and the doing their human duty as a good men. Therefore the results of this study can offer new view on the elders' reminiscences that we have to understand them as a process as what they are, escaping from the simple logic that elders' reminiscence have a positive or a negative effects. Also, this study which have examined the natures of Korean elders' reminiscences can cast a new light on elders' nursing proper for Korean culture.

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월경곤란시 여자중학생이 지각하는 스트레스 및 그 대응에 관한 소고 (A Review on Stress and Coping Level at Dysmenorrhea Perceived by Middle School Girls in Seoul)

  • 정문희
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.45-51
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    • 1991
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress and coping level as a result of dysmenorrhea which was experienced by girls. For the collection of data, the girls from the 1st to the 3rd grade in middle school in Seoul were selected through a random sampling technique. The survey was conducted from the 1st. to the 14th of June, 1991 by the use of questionnaires made after a pilot study. The final subjects for analysis were restricted to only those who had experienced me~arche, the number of which totaled 1,131. The stress, coping level, and other variables, were tested and analysed by descriptive statistics (eg, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation), t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. The chronological start for menarche was at a mean age of 13.1 The respondents who had experienced menarche numbered $70.9\%$ of the 1st grades and $96.2\%$ of the 2nd grades in middle school, otherwise the starting age for menarche was in the 4th grade in primary school. 2. Their menstrual cycle and period were longer than adult's one. The number of students studied who had experienced dysmenorrhea during their menstrual cycle were 860, and 650 of those revealed that their mothers or sisters had experienced similar problems. 3. The subjects who were late or head left early rather than being absent from school every menstruation cycle were more stressful. The results are thought to show that the girl's perception of dysmenorrhea seems to be more sensitive than adult's one. 4, A significant negative correlation was found between the perception of menstrual flow and strees level. It means that an increase in the stress of dysmenorrhea was associated with decreased menstrual bleeding. The degree of hypochondrical concern assessed by the girls was significantly correlated to stress and coping level. When the girls perceived high stress as a result of dysmenorrhea, they worried about their physical health more. The above results lead us to the suggestion that the starting point of early education with a school program is appropriate for the 4th grade in primary school. Especially if the girls in middle school should be required to give the information about correct knowledge and sufficient self -care management of menstruation monthly, if this could be implemented the loss in school days among the students due to dysmenorrhea would be minimized with more ease.

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국내 벤처기업 진화과정에 관한 실증분석 - 코스닥상장 기술벤처기업 분석을 중심으로 - (An Empirical Study on the Size Distribution of Venture Firms in the center of KOSDAQ Listed Companies)

  • 조상섭;양영석
    • 벤처창업연구
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.23-37
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 우리나라 벤처기업규모의 진화과정이 기존 기업규모에 무 작위적인 진화과정인지 (Gibrat's Law) 또는 자기조직화의 과정을 따를 지(Pareto Law)에 대한 실증분석을 실시하는 데 목적에서 수행되었다. 이 연구목적을 위하여 두 가지 진화과정에 대한 이론적 가능성을 설명하고, 2005년도부터 2008년도까지 92개 코스닥상장 기술벤처기업대상으로 실증적 분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석결과를 간단하게 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 벤처기업규모의 집중도를 나타내는 지니계수변화는 종업원 수의 관점에서 집중도는 2005년도에 비하여 2008년도에 상대적으로 감소하였으나, 매출액 규모에서는 기업규모집중도가 증가하고 있음을 보였다. 둘째, 우리나라 벤처기업규모의 진화과정은 자기조작화의 메커니즘이 작동되는 멱 함수 법칙을 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 추정된 파레토 계수는 1보다 작게 나타났으며, 추정된 계수는 통계적으로 유의한 값을 보였다. 셋째, 우리나라 벤처기업규모의 초기 설립에서부터 장기적 기업성장을 통하여 최상위 기업규모그룹에 속할 수 있는 확률은 6.9%로 전망되었다. 이러한 실증분석결과는 초기에 나타난 벤처기업규모가 장기적 벤처기업진화에 매우 중요한 역할을 수행함을 제시한다.

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현대회화에서 드러난 해체의 형식론에 관한 연구 -타의적 해체와 자의적 해체의 성격규정을 중심으로- (A study of the destructive styles from Contemporary Paintings - Focused on distinguishing enmity-destruction and self-destruction -)

  • 박기웅
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.5-63
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    • 2005
  • Generally, the meanings of destruction are related in the meaning of demolition, breakdown, into fragments ... and so on, and the similar meanings are twist, crush, demolish, split, cut, into pieces , break up ... etc. Further, it has related in the cruelty and destructive heart which are linked with orgy, Sadism, Necrophilia and so on. The meanings are also expressed by the initial , which are deprivation, deface, defame, deform, degrade, delegitimize, denounce , deride, destroy, devalue, as well as debase, debunk, declaim, declassify, decry, delete, denigrate, deprecate, despise or detract ...and so on. Dario Gamboni has discussed the meaning in his book as two categories Iconoclasm and Vandalism. And the similar meanings could be found in the words which has the initial of , like abase, abate, abhor, abjure, abolish, abridge, abuse ...and so on. Even though the distinct meanings of Iconoclasm and Vandalism, it is not easy to distinguish clearly between the differences when the results are accomplished in contemporary paintings because of the similarity of the results. In korean vocabulary there are no similar words to distinguish between the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, and the deconstruction is not recorded in the general dictionaries. However the meaning of is diminishing, separation, contrast and so on. So the unification of the word as do-construction is not construct, minus construction, reverse construction. And Vincent Ditch explained that there are the meaning of destroy the text. From Jacques Derrida, the deconstruction strategy is to criticise the world of traditional metaphysics and logocentrism, and not to reconstruire the philosophical meaning of texts but $d\'{e}construire$ them. And Saussure emphasized that the signifers could have more meaning that there can be more signified in traditional texts in the art. as a result, deconstruction is explained that there are many signified meanings in a signifer. In this thesis , from using the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, to distinguish the expressive skills in contemporary art works are arising. Therefore, special methods which are linked in the destruction styles are selected. As a result, the two different purposes of destruction is arising, one is enmity destruction and the other is self destruction another word, auto destruction or destruction to create The enmity destruction can be distinguished by the two category Iconoclasm and Vandalism. They come from the moment of different historical aspect is arising and want to attack the Icon or masterpiece this concept is from the study of John Philips and especially iconoclasm is linked with religious and artistic heart, but Vandalism is come from the political attack. Sometime, this distinguish is not clearly arising, because the two aspects are co-related in the attack. As a result, firstly, the Iconoclastic controversy had arisen in the methods of Dadaism which has developed by Man Ray, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp. They want to attack the pre-established master-pieces and painting spaces, and they had 'non-artistic attitude' not to be art. Since 1980, the German artist Anselm Kiefer adapted the methods and made them his special skills so he had tried to paint tough brush strokes and draw with hugh pallette image line and fire and water images , they can be the image attack as the Iconoclasm. secondly, the model of vandalism is to be done by hammer, drill, canon and so on. the method is to attack the content of painting. Further, the object of destruction is bound by cords and iron lings to demolish or to declare the authority of pre-statues; it symbolize the pre-authority is gone already. Self-destruction based paintings are clearly different in the purpose of approaching the art work. First of all, they can be auto-destruction, creative destruction and metamorphosis destruction, which is linked with the skill the material aspect and basic stature, and sign destruction or signifier destruction, which is link with the inner meaning destruction that is considered as the Semiotical destruction in post-modern paintings. Since 1960, the auto destruction is based on the method of firing, melting, grinding and similar skills, which is linked with Neo-Dada and reverse-assemblage. Metamorphosis destruction is strongly linked with the basic inner heart price and quality, so it can be resulted in the changedness of expectation and recognition. Tony Cragg has developed the skills to metamorphose the wood as stone or iron as cloth and stone as sponge and rubber and so on. The researcher has developed the same style in the series of since 2003. The other self-destructive methods are found in the skill of sign destruction. In the methods the meaning of the art is not fixed as one or two, but is developed multi-meaning and differ from original starting situation, so Jacques Derrida called the difference meaning in deconstruction. It is the destruction of textes. These methods are accomplished by David Salle, Francesco Clemente, and recently Tracy Emin, who has developed the attacking heart in the spectators' emotion. Sometime in the method of self-destruction, it is based on horror and shock, the method is explored by Demian Hirst and Jakes and Dinos Chapman. Their destructive styles stimulate ambivalent heart and destroy original sign of girl and animals.

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한국인의 문화적 자기관과 감정표현불능증의 관계: 세대에 의해 조절된 정서표현양가성 및 정서억제 연속매개과정 모형 (The Relationship between Cultural Self-construal of Korean and Alexithymia: A Serial Mediation Process Model of Ambivalence over Emotion Expression and Emotion Suppression Moderated by Generation)

  • 김해진;권소영;정선호;이동훈
    • 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.171-197
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    • 2023
  • 전통적인 한국 사회는 동양의 집단주의 문화권으로 분류되어 왔지만, 1970년대 탈냉전과 더불어 세계화와 정보화의 흐름 속에 서양의 개인주의 문화와 가치가 젊은 층을 중심으로 한국 사회에 빠르게 스며들었다. 짧은 시기에 급변했기 때문에, 동시대를 살아가는 세대 간에 문화적 자기관의 차이가 있을 수 있으며, 이로 인해 감정표현 및 억제와 관련된 심리적 문제가 세대에 따라 다르게 나타날 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 20대에서 60대에 이르는 한국인 성인 남녀 1000명을 대상으로 개인의 문화적 자기관과 감정표현불능 수준, 그리고 정서표현양가성과 정서억제 수준을 조사하여, 상호협조적 자기관, 상호독립적 자기관 및 감정표현불능증의 관계, 그리고 그것을 매개하는 정서표현양가성 및 정서억제의 과정을 살펴보았다. 그리고 연구대상자의 출생연도를 기준으로 산업화 세대(1970년 이전 출생)와 정보화 세대(1970년 이후 출생)로 구분하고, 각 변인의 세대 차이와 정서표현양가성과 정서억제의 매개 과정에 대한 세대의 조절 효과를 검증하였다. Hayes(2022)의 PROCESS macro를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 첫째 문화적 자기관의 상대적 독립성(상호협조적 자기관에 비하여 상호독립적 자기관이 높은 정도를 계산한 값)이 정서표현양가성과 정서억제를 연속매개하여 감정표현불능증에 영향을 주는 연속매개모형이 유의하였다. 이는 개인의 상대적 독립성이 약할수록 정서표현양가성과 정서억제 수준이 순차적으로 높아져서 감정표현불능 수준이 높아짐을 의미한다. 다음으로 연속매개모형에서 세대의 조절효과를 탐색한 결과, 정서억제에서 감정표현불능증으로 가는 경로를 세대 변인이 조절하였다. 산업화 세대의 경우 정서억제 수준이 높아도 감정표현불능 수준이 높아지지 않는 반면, 정보화 세대는 정서억제 수준이 높을수록 감정표현불능증의 수준이 높아짐을 의미한다. 본 연구 결과는 세대의 문화적 가치관에 따라 정서조절방략이 다르게 형성되었을 가능성을 시사하며, 정서억제처럼 역기능적인 정서조절방략이라 할지라도 자신이 속한 세대의 문화적 배경에 따라 그것의 부정적인 영향력이 다를 수 있음을 함의한다.

창업동기, 역량 및 열정이 창업 만족도에 미치는 영향 : 일반 창업기업과 스타트업의 차이를 중심으로 (Effects of Startup Motivation, Competency, and Passion on Startup Satisfaction : A Comparative Study between Early Startups and General Startups)

  • 강영철;정병규
    • 벤처혁신연구
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.43-60
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    • 2023
  • 창업의 중요성이 강조되고 있으나 창업기업이 지속하여 생존하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 따라서 창업기업의 창업만족도를 강화하고 생존율을 제고할 수 있는 방안 마련이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 창업기업의 창업동기, 창업역량, 창업열정이 창업만족도에 미치는 영향과 일반창업기업 및 스타트업의 창업형태에 따른 조절효과에 대해 고찰하였다. 창업동기는 자아실현동기와 친사회적동기로 구분하였다. 창업역량은 마케팅역량과 경험역량으로 구분하였다. 창업열정은 조화열정과 강박열정으로 구분하였다. 온라인과 오프라인으로 창업후 7년 이내 일반창업기업과 스타트업 기업의 경영자 361명으로부터 설문을 받아 실증분석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 자아실현동기, 친사회적동기, 마케팅역량, 경험역량, 조화열정은 창업만족도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 강박열정은 유의한 영향을 미치치 못하였다. 또한 창업만족도에 미치는 영향력의 크기는 조화열정, 마케팅역량, 자아실현동기, 친사회적동기, 경험역량의 순서로 나타났다. 일반창업기업과 스타트업의 창업형태에 따른 조절효과는 친사회적동기, 경험역량, 조화열정에서 나타났다. 그러나 자아실현동기, 마케팅역량, 강박열정과 창업만족도간 조절효과의 유의성은 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구는 조화열정과 마케팅역량이 창업만족도 제고에 중요한 요인이라는 학술점 시사점을 제시하였다. 또한, 창업기업 사업주체의 심리적 안정성 지원 프로그램, 전문가를 통한 창업역량 강화 및 자아실현동기와 친사회적 동기를 함양할 수 있는 창업교육 프로그램 강화 등이 필요하다는 실무적, 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다.

인터넷 의료광고의 규제방향에 대한 법적 검토 (Legal Review of Regulatory Guidelines for Medical Advertisements Online)

  • 이경권
    • 의료법학
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.269-308
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    • 2008
  • The contemporary age is a period of PR for the self. Regardless of how good the quality of goods or services offered is, if it is not made known to the buyers, a sell is impossible. As a result, the contemporary man is flooded with advertisements and is living in a time of over-saturated information. This is not much different in the medical services sector, as it too is experiencing an overflow of information due to the expansion of advertisement approaches to include not only the previous positive-method, but also the negative-method. In tandem, recent advancements in electronics and information technology has made possible a rapid increase in then number of internet advertisements. However, outmoded medical law, which was created to regulate newspapers and billboards, is still being applied to regulate today's modem medical advertisements. At the same time, collateral ordinances such as "corrective statutes for signs and advertisements" are not sufficient in providing the necessary regulatory countermeasures. In the midst of all this, as IPTV is scheduled to be broadcast nationwide starting next year, and with the market for search advertisements and internet advertisements annually growing at a rapid pace, it has become evermore urgent to come up with an adequate regulatory measure. Consequently, it is necessary to look into the possibility of restricting the medium and content of internet medical advertisements as well as realistic schemes for its realization. In particular, regulatory measures that take into consideration the special characteristics of internet advertisements should be found, and the necessity of an prior deliberation procedure and the likelihood of introducing a certification system should be examined.

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Morphometrical Study of Uncinate Processes and Vertebral Body of Cervical Spine

  • Lee, Tae-Hoon;Kim, Sang-Jin;Chung, In-Hyuk
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제51권5호
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    • pp.247-252
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    • 2012
  • Objective : The anatomical knowledge is the most important and has a direct link with success of operation in cervical spine surgery. The authors measured various cervical parameters in cadaveric dry bones and compared with previous reported results. Methods : We made 255 dry bones age from 19 to 72 years (mean, 42.3 years) that were obtained from 51 subjects in 100 subjects who donated their bodies. All measurements from C3-C7 levels were made using digital vernier calipers, standard goniometer, and self-made fix tool for two different cervical axes (canal and disc setting). We classified into 4 groups (uncinate process, vertebral body, lamina, and pedicle) and measured independently by two neurosurgeons for 28 parameters. Results : We analyzed 23970 measurements by mean value and standard deviations. In comparing with previous literatures, there are some different results. The mean values for uncinate process (UP) width ranged from 5.5 mm at C4 and 5 to 6.3 mm at C3 and C7 in men. Also, in women, the mean values for UP width ranged from 5.5 mm at C5 to 6.3 mm at C7. C7 was widest and C5 was most narrow than other levels. The antero-posterior length of UP tended to increase gradually from C3 to C6. The tip way, tip distance, and base distance of UP also showed increasing pattern from C3 to C7. Conclusion : These measurements can provide the spinal surgeons with a starting point to address bony architectures surrounding targeted soft tissues for safeguard against unintended damages during cervical operation.

대학생의 스마트폰 이용 시간과 경항통과의 관련성 연구 (The Correlation Analysis between Hours of Smartphone Use And Neck Pain in the Gachon University Students)

  • 이지인;송호섭
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.99-109
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    • 2014
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analysis the relationship between hours of smartphone use and neck pain in university students. Methods : A survey of 2,353 university students was conducted in Gyeonggi province and Incheon city using a self report questionnaire from April 1 to 11 2013. The questionnaire of questions regarding the hours of using smartphone, mainly used function in participant's smartphone and neck discomfort degree. Neck disability index(NDI) was used to evaluate degree of pain. The collected data were analyzed with the t-test and Kendall's tau test using the SPSS 21.0 program and R 3.1.0, respectively. Results : 1. Almost all of the survey participants(99.07 %) were smartphone users. 66.97 % of them answered that they use their smartphone daily more than 2 hours and 48.18 % of them answered that they use their smartphone 10 to 30 minutes everytime they use it. 2. The overall distribution of NDI scores was 'no disability(0~4 score, 62.92 %)', 'mild disability(5~14 score, 32.85 %)', 'moderate disability(15~24 score, 1.19 %)'. As a result of t-test, we found that the average NDI score for female students was significantly higher than the average NDI score for male students(p<0.05). 3. The Kendall's tau test revealed that total time spent daily using smartphones has a strong positive correlation with 'pain intensity', 'lifting', 'reading' 'headache', 'concentration', and 'driving'(p<0.05) in NDI. Also, time duration of one time smartphone usage has a strong positive correlation with 'pain intensity', 'lifting', 'reading', 'headache', 'concentration', 'work', and 'recreation'(p<0.05). 4. The Kendall's tau test revealed that total NDI scores have a significantly strong positive correlation with both of total time spent daily using smartphones(p<0.05) and time duration for one time smartphone usage(p<0.05). This results imply that long-time use of smartphone has a strong relationship with neck pain. Conclusions : The results of the study would be a good starting point for future studies to reduce the risks of chronic neck pain caused by smartphone usage.

흡연청소년의 인터넷 중독, 우울 및 불안에 관한 연구 (A Study of Internet Addiction, Depression and Anxiety among Smoking Adolescents)

  • 연영란
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제13권11호
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    • pp.5364-5371
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 흡연청소년을 대상으로 인터넷 중독, 우울 및 불안 상호간의 관련성을 알아보고, 인터넷 중독에 영향을 미치는 변인을 파악하고자 실시되었다. 조사는 2012년 8월 15일부터 9월 20일까지 구조화된 설문지로 실행되었으며 202명이 분석에 포함되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 평균과 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, 다중회귀분석으로 통계처리 되었다. 연구결과, 인터넷 중독의 평균은 $30.9{\pm}6.55$점, 우울의 평균은 $9.0{\pm}4.76$점, 불안의 평균은 $12.3{\pm}5.31$점으로 조사되었고, 인터넷 중독은 우울 및 불안과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 우울은 불안과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 단계별 다중회귀분석 결과, 흡연청소년의 인터넷 중독에 영향을 미치는 변인은 월 음주 횟수, 하루 평균 흡연량, 매일 흡연을 시작한 나이로 조사되었다. 이상과 같은 결과는 흡연청소년의 인터넷 중독을 예방하고 관리하는데 기초적인 근거자료로 활용될 수 있다.