• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2006

REBCO coated conductors (RE: rare earth elements) have recently drawn great attention since they are known to possess stronger flux pinning centers in high magnetic fields compared with YBCO coated conductors. In this study, $GdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-d}(GdBCO)$ was selected to investigate the influence of the distance between target and substrate and substrate temperature on the superconducting properties of GdBCO films on the $SrTiO_3(100)$ substrate. Samples were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with a Nd:YAG laser (355nm). Under a given oxygen pressure of 800mTorr, we changed the distance between target and substrate from 5.5cm to 7.0cm and the substrate temperature from $750^{\circ}C\;to\;850^{\circ}C$. The crystallinity and texture of GdBCO films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the surface morphology was observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tc and Jc values were measured by the four point probe method. High quality GdBCO films with Tc of 89.7K and Jc over $1MA/cm^2$ at 77 K in self field were successfully fabricated by optimizing processing parameters. The detailed processing conditions, microstructure and superconducting properties will be presented for a discussion.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2004

We report a successful fabrication of high-$J_C$ $NdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ (NdBCO) films on (100) $SrTiO_3$ substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in high oxygen pressures ranging from 400 to 800 mTorr. Fabricated NdBCO films exhibited only c-axis orientation, good out-of-plane and in-plane textures, and also excellent superconducting properties, including critical temperature ($T_C$) and critical current density ($J_C$) of above 90 K and the highest of $3.1MA/cm^2$ at 77 K in self-field, implying that NdBCO is a perspective alternative to YBCO for coated conductor. In low oxygen pressures ranging from 100 to 200 mTorr, however, the films showed a-, c-mixed orientation and degraded $T_{C,zero}$ values due to the formation of $Nd_{1+x}Ba_{2-x}Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$-type solid solutions with an excessive substitution of $Nd^{3+}$ ions for the $Ba^{2+}$ sites.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.112-117
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• 1999

Pulsed Field Gradient NMR(FT-PFGE)을 이용하여 N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide/hydrocarbon/$D_2O[C_nDMAO/C_{n^{\prime}}H_{{2n^{\prime}+2}}/D_2O]$ 3성분 계에서 자기확산 계수를 측정하였다. 여기서 n = 12, 14, 16인 계면활성제를 사용하였으며, n' = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14인 탄화수소를 사용하였다. 미셀 상에서 주로 확산은 미셀의 유체역학적 이동에 지배되며, 미셀들의 충돌로 가용화된 탄화수소의 교환에 의해서도 일부 이루어진다. 이 연구는 계면활성제의 알킬 사슬 길이와 탄화수소 분자크기의 변화에 따라서 검토되었다. 그 결과 큐빅 상에서 용매는 물의 연속상에서 거동에 대한 전형적인 자기확산 계수 값을 나타내고, 이때 장애물로서 마이크로에멀젼 액적이 작용한다. 겔 상태에서 계면활성제의 유동성은 낮고, 알킬 사슬 길이가 가장 짧은 계면활성제에 대해서만 결정되었다. 겔 내에서 미셀들 간의 탄화수소 교환은 호핑 과정에 의해서 일어나는 것을 알았고, 회합율은 계면활성제의 알킬 사슬 길이에 따라 감소하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.374-374
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• 2009

We have fabricated pure YBCO films and $BaZrO_3$ doped ones on $CeO_2$ buffered YSZ single crystal substrates using rf-sputtering method. In this work, pure YBCO and 2 vol% BZO doped YBCO target were used to investigate the flux pinning properties of BZO doped YBCO films compared to undoped ones. BZO nanodots within the superconducting materials was known to comprise the self-assembled columnar defects along the c-axis from the bottom of YBCO films up to the top surface, thus can be a very strong pinning sites in the applied magnetic field parallel to them. We will discuss the possibility of growing self-assembled columnar defects in the rf-sputtering method. It is speculated that BZO and YBCO phases can separate and BZO form nanodots surrounded by YBCO epitaxial layers and continuous phase separation and ordering between these two materials, which was well studied in Pulsed Laser Deposition method. For this purpose, some severe experimental conditions such as on-axis sputtering, shorter target-substrate distance, high rf-power, etc was adopted and their results will be presented.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.292-300
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• 2001

The paper describes spectroscopic characteristics of plasma induces in the pulsed YAG laser welding of alloys containing a large amount of volatile elements. The authors have conducted the spectroscopic analyses of laser induced Al-Mg alloys plasma in the air and argon atmosphere. In the air environment, the identified spectra were atomic lines of Al, Mg, Cr, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn, and singly ionized Mg lines, as well as the intense molecular spectra of A10 and Mg0 formed by chemical reactions of evaporated Al and Mg atoms from the pool surface with oxygen in the air. In argon atmosphere, Mg0 and AI0 spectra vanished, but AIH spectrum was detected. The hydrogen source was presumably hydrogen dissolved in the base metals, water absorbed on the surface oxide layer, or $H_2$ and $H_2O$ in the shielding gas. The resonant 1ines of Al and Mg were strongly self-absorbed, in particular, self-absorption of the Mg 1ine was predominant. These results show that the laser induced plasma was made of metal1ic vapor with relatively low temperature and high density.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2017

We investigated the effect of self-assembled BSO nano-defects as pinning centers in BSO-added GdBCO films when the thicknesses of films were varied. 3.5 vol. % BSO-added GdBCO films with varying thicknesses from 200 nm to 1000 nm were deposited on $SrTiO_3$ (STO) substrate by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process. For the films with thicknesses of 400 nm and 600 nm, 'anomaly shoulders' in $J_c-H$ characteristic curves were observed near the matching field. The anomaly shoulders appeared in the field dependence of $J_c$ may be attributed to the existence of double pinning mechanisms in thin films. The fit to the pinning force density as a function of reduced field h ($H/H_{irr}$) using the Dew-Hughes' scaling law shows that both the 400 nm- and the 600 nm-thick films have double pinning mechanisms while the other films have a single pinning mechanism. These results indicate that the self-assembled property of BSO result in different role as pinning centers with different thickness.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

Convection effect in liquids has been one of the main targets to be overcome in pulsed-field-gradient NMR measurements of self-diffusion coefficients since the temperature gradient along the sample tube generated by the heating and/or cooling process causes the effect, resulting in additional diffusion. It is known that the capillary is the most appropriate tube type for diffusion experiments at variable temperatures since the narrower tube suppresses convection effectively. For evaluating the properties of hydrogen bonding, diffusion coefficients of the $K^+$-complexed and free valinomycin in a micro tube have been determined at various temperatures. From the analysis of the obtained diffusion coefficient values, we could conclude that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in both of the $K^+$ complexed and free valinomycin in a non-polar solvent is preserved over the observed temperature range, and the temperature dependence of hydrogen bonding is more pronounced in free valinomycin. It is also thought that there is no big change in the radius of the $K^+$-complexed as temperature is varied, and the ratio of overall radius, $r_{complex}/r_{free}$ is slightly decreased as temperature rises.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.288-295
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• 1995

무한한 Fresnel number를 갖는 imaging unstable ring resonator에 의한 펄스형 Nd:YAG 레이저 출력 광속의 위상파면을 분석하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 4개의 평면경과 망원경을 포함하는 Negative Branch Unstable Ring Resonator(NBUR) Nd:YAG 레이저를 제작하였다. NBUR 공진기 내에서 증폭되는 광속이 scraper mirror의 원형 투과창을 통해 투과하는 과정에서 발생하는 회절효과는 광학 공진계에 self imaging 조건을 줌으로서 크게 감소시킬 수 있었다. 이러한 self imaging 광속이 고리형 공진계를 반복적으로 진행함으로서 위상파면의 공간적 가간섭성이 향상 되는 것으로 해석 되었다. 레이저 출력 광속의 공간적 위상파면 정보는 Mach-Zehnder 간섭계에 의하여 얻어지는 간섭무늬를 이용하여 얻었으며 이 간섭무늬를 Fourier 변환 방법으로 분석한 결과, 위상파면 왜곡정도가 0.2.lambda.이하 값임을 측정하였다. 이것을 정상파형 레이저 공진기에서의 출력 광속과 비교한 결과 공간적 가간섭성이 75% 정도 향상되었음을 확인하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.822-828
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• 1998

$^1H$ NMR gradient spin echo법을 이용하여 polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether[$C_{12}H_{25}(OCH_2CH_2)nOH$] 수용액에서 미셀 형성과정에 대한 것을 비교검토 하였다. 여기서 n=5($C_{12}EO_5$) 및 n=8($C_{12}EO_8$)인 비이온성 계면활성제를 사용하였으며 등방성상의 영역범위에서의 자기확산 계수는 일정온도에서 농도변화에 따른 pulsed field gradient법을 사용하여 측정하였고, 또한 여러 프로톤의 시그날에 대한 피크폭(line width)을 추적하여 액정 특성에 대한 것을 검토하였다. 알킬사슬의 메틸렌 시그날의 넓혀짐은 $C_{12}EO_5-$물 계에서는 핵사고날 액정상의 근접될 때 관찰되었지만 $C_{12}EO_8-$물 계에서는 넓혀짐이 보다 작게 관찰되었다. 낮은 온도에서 농도가 증가함에 따라 $C_{12}EO_5$에서는 막대형 미셀이 형성되지만 $C_{12}EO_8$에서는 전 농도 범위에서 작은 미셀로 이루워 진다. 계면활성제의 자기확산계수는 서서히 증가하다가 극소점에 이르러서는 농도가 증가함에 따라 급격히 감소한다. 극소점의 위치는 온도가 담점에 이르렀을 때 낮은 농도에서 나타나고 이 계에서는 두 개의 등방성 상으로 분리된다. 피크폭 연구에서 피크폭의 넓어짐은 $C_{12}EO_5$에서는 온도가 증가되었을 때 온도의 차이로 형성된다. 그 결과 담점에 이르러 계면활성제의 회합체가 커지는 것으로 생각한다. 이 회합체가 담점에 이르러 한정된 모양을 갖는 것은 아니다. $C_{12}EO_8$에서는 미셀들이 온도의 증가에 영향을 받지 않고 미셀형성이 불확실하다. 에틸렌옥사이드 일부분의 메틸렌 시그날은 일관되게 좁게 나타났다. 회합에 있어서 이들은 알킬사슬 메틸렌보다 작은 질서로 나타내었다. 회합의 크기나 모양에 있어서 여러 변화성은 상 변화에 따라 등방성과 액정상의 안정성 범위가 정하여 진다. 회합체 크기와 상 구조는 여러 온도와 농도 변화에서 분자의 효과적 모형을 고려하여 정성적인 결과에 따른다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.332.1-332.1
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• 2016

Application of magnetic fields is important to characterize the carrier dynamics in semiconductor quantum structures. We performed photoluminescence (PL) measurements from an InGaP-AlInGaP single quantum well under pulsed magnetic fields to 50 T. The zero field interband PL transition energy matches well with the self-consistent Poisson-Schr?dinger equation. We attempted to analyze the dimensionality of the quantum well by using the diamagnetic shift of the magnetoexciton. The real quantum well has finite thickness that causes the quasi-two-dimensional behavior of the exciton diamagnetic shift. The PL intensity diminishes with increasing magnetic field because of the exciton motion in the presence of magnetic field.