• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.843-856
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective opinions related to of smoking behavior of university students with a history of smoking. The research period was from Feb, 1. 1996 to Sep. 10. 1997. The research method used was Q-methodology. The process of the research was as follows : 1. Collection of concourse : The statement of self-reference was derived from face to face interviews with 50 university students. Statement were categorized by researcher according to semantics. 2. Extraction of Q-sample : 38 of the self-reference statements from the 32 categories of the Q-population were selected. 3. Selection of P-sample : 30 of university students were selected by consideration of diversity in sociodemographic background. 4. Based on a 1 to 9 point scale, the selected university students were made to participate in Q-sorting. 5. Analysis of Q-type was obtained by use of the QUANAL program. The results of this study revealed as follows : There are three types of smoking behavior of Korean university students. 1. The first type focused on the right of the individual to smoke and the lack of recognition of smoking behavior as a health hazard. 2. The second type cared about smoking behavior as a hazard to health. 3. The third type was habitual smoker. They are bored and smoke habitually. It is suggested that the results of this study may contribute to the development of strategies for the purpose of decreasing the incidence of smoking of university students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

In modern systems, the operational capability of the system to the user needs is expanding rapidly to accommodate the size of the system, functionality, and interfaces are becoming increasingly complex. Accordingly, the systematic practice of project management and systems engineering in the system development process, as an important element in successful systems development is recognized. EIA/ANSI 632, ISO/IEC15288, the leading international standard for systems engineering and is the leading international standard on project management PMBOK. CMMI is also contains information about the activities of project management and systems engineering and worldwide basis to assess the maturity of an organization's ability to develop system being used. But CMMI model is too complex of structure and there are many overlap parts of contents. So there are many problems for members of organization understanding all of CMMI model, applying organization and, achieving improvement activity. In this study, through the analysis and integration between the model and the related standard coverage activities essential for successful systems development in organizations that require systems engineering and project management capabilities(SEPMC) for self-assessment and continuous improvement activities to provide useful reference guideline.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.793-798
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• 2014

To generate finite-power Airy beams, a novel holographic method is proposed. We record the interference pattern between an Airy beam (signal beam) and plane wave (reference beam) on a photopolymer, then decode the hologram by illuminating with the reference beam. The reconstructed beams still present the non-diffraction, acceleration, and self-healing features of optical Airy beams. In addition, angular multiplexing of two Airy beams with opposite acceleration directions is presented.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.917-928
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective opinions related to of smoking cessation behavior of smokers. The research period was from Nov. 1, 1998 to May. 7. 1999. The research method used was Q-methodology. The process of the research was as follows : 1. Collection of concourse The statement of self-reference was derived from face to face interviews with 15 adult smokers Statement were categorized by researcher according to semantics 2. Extraction of Q-sample 30 of the self reference statement from categories of the Q-population were selected. 3. Selection of P-sample 31 of smokers were selected by consideration of diversity in sociodemographic background. 4. Based on a 1 to 9 point scale, the selected university students were made to participate in Q-sorting. 5. Analysis of Q-type was obtained by use of the QUANAL program. The results of this study reavealed as follows : There are three type of smoking cessation behavior of Korean smokers. 1. The first type focused on one's own initiative to smoking cessation. 2. The second type focused on environmental factor related to smoking cessation. 3. The third type was habitual smoker. They adhere to smoke and are not ready to smoking cessation. It is suggested that the results of this study may contribute to the development strategies for the purpose of increasing the incidence of smoking cessation of smokers

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to obtain basic data for conceptual establishment of sports participation and perceived benefits by considering prior research on the effects of sports participation to derive variables for perceived benefits of sports participants. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used an integrated literature review. A conceptual model is designed with reference to a prior study by adopting a guiding theory. Based on the key words. The literature collection was conducted online, and the reference period for the literature collection was for studies published between 2015 and 2020. Results: First, a total of seven related variables were derived from the literature analysis related to sports participation and physical benefits. Second, a total of six variables were derived from the literature analysis related to sports participation and mental benefits. Third, a total of four related variables were derived through a literature analysis related to sports participation and social benefits. Conclusions: Health fitness, objectified body consciousness, and social body shape anxiety, including body composition, approach physical benefits among perceived benefits through sports participation, and physical self-efficacy and physical self-concepts are related to physical benefits but are also shown to be related to mental benefits. And successful aging is seen to be close to social benefits and related to some mental benefits. Mental and social benefits can be seen as the variables derived from the results being related to the benefits, and more in-depth exploration of perceived benefits is needed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.109-120
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• 2022

This study has incorporated the mechanics-dynamics-emotions (MDE) and two behavioral learning paths to investigate the customers' co-creation behavior in Taiwan. The intuitive path begins with a gamification design that reflects the customers' proactive and innovative behavior; the cognitive path begins with persuasion knowledge remarks based on rational and reactive reasoning. These two paths conclude what forms user co-creation. The study collects data of 505 active social media users in Taiwan and employs structural equation modeling. The empirical findings demonstrate persuasive knowledge and gamification design are significantly associated with self-reference, and in turn, positively associated with co-creation. It indicates that cognitive behavior plays the main role in forming co-creation. Participants are more drawn to co-creation behaviors by the marketing contents that prompt reactive behaviors than proactive ones. Therefore, marketing managers can use appropriate stimuli to enhance co-creation behavior. Companies can design activities related to users, and more accessible for reactive, instead of proactive behavior, i.e., asking for their initiatives. It also suggests that companies' marketing campaigns should involve key opinion leaders matching the product image and the target audience's preferences. The novelty of this study is to introduce a novel augmented MDE framework to extend the "dynamics" into the incubation and implementation stage.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the radial bone strength, sitting balance ability and global self-esteem of wheelchair martial arts practitioners and healthy control participants. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Nine wheelchair martial art practitioners with physical disabilities and 28 able-bodied healthy individuals participated in the study. The bone strength of the distal radius was assessed using the Sunlight Mini-Omni Ultrasound Bone Sonometer; sitting balance was quantified using the modified functional reach test (with reference to a scale marked on the wall); and the self-administered Rosenberg self-esteem (RSE) scale was used to measure the global self-esteem of the participants. The velocity of the ultrasound wave (speed of sound, m/s) traveling through the outer surface of the radial bone was measured and was then converted into a T-score and a Z-score. These ultrasound T-score and Z-score that represent bone strength; the maximum forward reaching distance in sitting (cm) that represents sitting balance; and the RSE total self-esteem score that indicates global self-esteem were used for analysis. Results: The results revealed that there were no statistically significant between-group differences for radial bone-strength, maximum forward reaching distance, or self-esteem outcomes. Conclusions: The wheelchair martial arts practitioners had similar radial bone strength, sitting balance performance and self-esteem to able-bodied healthy persons. Our results imply that wheelchair martial arts might improve bone strength, postural control and self-esteem in adult wheelchair users. This new sport-wheelchair martial arts-might be an exercise option for people with physical disabilities.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.71-77
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• 1995

This paper deals with design method of learning fuzzy controller for control of an unknown nonlinear plant using the self-tuning algorithm of fuzzy inference rules. In this method the fuzzy identification model obtained that the joined identification model of nonlinear part and linear identification model of linear part by fuzzy inference systems. This fuzzy identification model ordered self-tuning by Decent method so as to be servile to nonlinear plant. A the end, designed learning fuzzy controller of fuzzy identification model have learning structure to model reference adaptive system. The simulation results show that th suggested identification and learning control schemes are practically feasible and effective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.257-267
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• 2006

The earth retaining wall systems for excavation works in a populated urban area or a poor soil deposit can be limited due to various restriction. Thus there are various methods to be applied for them such as the soldier pile method, the diaphragm wall with counterfort and so on. In this study, the self-supported earth retaining wall using the DCM(Deep Cement Mixing) method, including its merits, demerits and some important characteristics occured in the design and the construction stage, was introduced. It might be reference for the other design and construction procedures using the DCM method.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1989.11a
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• pp.327-331
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• 1989

This paper concerned about a study on the direct pole placement PID self-tuning controller design for Robot manipulator control system. The method of a direct pole placement self-tuning PID control for a DC motor of robot manipulator tracks a reference velocity in spite of the parameters uncertainties in nonminimum phase system. In this scheme, the parameters of controller are estimated by the recursive least square(RLS) identification algorithm, the pole placement method and diophantine equation. A series of simulation in which minimum phase system and nonminimum phase system are subjected to a pattern of system parameter changes is presented to show some of the features of the proposed control algorithm. The proposed control algorithm which shown are effective for the practical application, and experiments of DC motor speed control for Robot manipulator by a microcomputer IRH-PC/AT are performed and the results are well suited.