• 제목/요약/키워드: self awareness

검색결과 1,546건 처리시간 0.03초

중도장애인의 레질리언스(Resilience) 과정에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Resilience Process of Persons with Disabilities)

  • 김미옥
    • 한국사회복지학
    • /
    • 제60권2호
    • /
    • pp.99-129
    • /
    • 2008
  • 이 연구는 근거이론 방법을 활용하여 중도장애인의 레질리언스 과정을 분석한 것이다. 이를 위해 갑작스러운 사고로 장애를 갖게 된 중도장애인 8명을 심층 인터뷰하였다. 연구 결과, 총 393개의 개념이 도출되었고, 이를 45개의 하위범주, 18개의 상위범주로 유목화할 수 있었다. 중도장애인 레질리언스 과정의 패러다임 모형에서 인과적 조건은 '장애에 대해 모름', '너무 아파 힘듦', 심리적 고통으로 '마음 안으로 숨어듦'인 것으로 나타났다. 맥락적 조건으로는 '집에만 있어 무기력해지고', 장애인정이 어려워 '스스로 장벽을 쌓으며', 장애에 대한 '사회적 장벽'으로 좌절을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장애유형, 장애정도, 성(gender), 장애획득시기, 중도장애 여부 등에 따라 레질리언스에 차이가 있음을 보고하였다. 이러한 인과적 조건과 맥락적 조건에도 불구하고 중도장애인이 레질리언스를 갖게 되는 중심현상은 '긍정의 힘에 탄력이 붙음'으로 확인되었다. 이러한 중심현상을 촉진 혹은 억제하는 중재조건으로는 외적으로 가족, 친구, 주변사람, 제도의 지원을 통해 '혼자가 아님을 깨닫고', 내적으로 종교의 힘과 모델링을 통하여 '변화의 의지와 삶의 목표를 가지고 내일을 준비하는' 것으로 나타났다. 작용/상호작용전략은 '노력을 배가하고', '직접 찾아보며', '능동적으로 실행하기'로 나타났으며 그 결과 중도장애인들은 장애와 사회에 대한 '관점이 달라지고', 삶의 '여유가 생기며', 매사에 '적극적으로 참여함'을 알 수 있었다. 중도장애인 레질리언스 과정의 핵심범주는 '긍정의 힘을 믿으며 주도적으로 나의 삶 선택하기'이었으며, 이는 장애인 레질리언스에서 선택과 자기결정을 통한 주도성의 확보가 매우 중요함을 보여주는 것이다. 과정분석에서는 '고통', '낯섬', '성찰', '일상' 단계로 확인되었으며, 이 단계들은 단선적이기보다는 역동적인 순환과정으로 나타났다. 이 과정에서 중도장애인의 레질리언스 유형은 존재성찰형, 진로개척형, 은근노력형, 적극실행형으로 구분되었다. 또한 개인, 가족 및 친구, 사회 및 제도 차원의 위험 및 보호요인에 관한 상황모형을 정리함으로써, 향후 실천적 개입을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하였다. 본 연구는 국내에서 처음으로 중도장애인의 레질리언스 과정을 근거이론 방법을 활용하여 심층적 이해를 구축하면서 그 과정 및 유형, 상황모형 등을 구체적으로 밝힘으로써 중도장애인 연구에 관한 이론구축 및 정책적, 임상적 개입에 그 함의가 클 것으로 기대한다.

  • PDF

환자들의 의료시장개방에 대한 인식도와 외국병원 선택요인 - S대학교병원 외래환자들을 대상으로 - (Attitudes on Medical Market Opening and Factors for Selecting a Foreign Hospital of Korean University Hospital Outpatients)

  • 윤여룡;유승흠;김유영;오현주
    • 한국병원경영학회지
    • /
    • 제8권3호
    • /
    • pp.32-48
    • /
    • 2003
  • Korea is to open its medical markets to foreign hospitals starting in the year 2006 regardless of our will(DDA, Doha Development Agenda). To accurately understand the characteristics of Korean medical users, their detailed and various needs, their attitudes toward the opening of Korean medical markets, and factors affecting these users in choosing foreign medical service providers would be first step needs to be taken by the Korean medical facilities that need to survive and develope through the fiercely competitive era coming with the opening of Korean medical markets to foreign medical service providers and would be very important in hospital management. The subjects of this study were 500 patients randomly selected from the outpatients who visited one of university hospitals in Seoul on the 14th-16th days of April 2003, and conducted a self-completion questionnaire. The answers of 463 respondents among the selected patients(93% of a responding rate)were analyzed through the Excel and statistics programs. The attitudes on the opening of the medical markets were shown in agreement 56.5%(247 persons), disagreement 6.9%(30 persons), and no idea 36.6%(160 persons). In consideration of only the answers as agreement and disagreement exclusive of the answer as no idea, 89.2% of the respondents agreed to the opening of the medical markets while 10.8% objected to the opening. The approval rate was higher with the higher education and income levels. Moreover, The approval rate for the opening of the medical markets was relatively high regardless of the satisfaction in the medical service, and the most important reason of the agreement was the guarantee of the patients(national)option. The main reason of the disagreement was high medical fee(50.5%), and the other reasons showing low rates were outflow of the domestic fund to the foreign countries(13.6%), damage of medical influences on the public(11.4%), lack of competition of the domestic medical industry(9.1%)and so on. As for the factors of selecting the foreign hospitals in the opening of the medical markets, the patients considered the authority(competency)of doctors firstly, and the other principal factors were worldwide fame and reliance, specific explanation of doctors, modernized medical instruments, convenient consultation procedure, etc. The patients agreed to the opening of the medical markets at a high rate regardless of the satisfaction in the medical service, and the most principal reason of the agreement was the guarantee of the patients(national)option for the medical care. Connected with the factors to select the hospitals, the approval reasons for the opening of the medical markets were the authority(competency)of the doctors as the first one, and then fame and tradition, reliance, overall diagnosis and modernized medical instruments, doctors specific explanation, and so on. However, these factors are actually associated with the Quality of the medical care, and consequently the approval reasons for the opening of the medical markets are connected with the security of the medical care. Accordingly, the guarantee of the patients(national)option answered as the main reason of the agreement can be also understood as the awareness of the right to have a variety of options for the security of the medical quality.

  • PDF

The Recognition about Food Wastes Treatment at Yongin Area

  • Kim, Jeong-Hyun;Kang, Hee-Joo;Kim, Kyung-Tae;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Hwang, Seong-Hee;Kim, Yong-Chul;Kim, Pan-Gyi
    • 한국환경보건학회지
    • /
    • 제30권4호
    • /
    • pp.329-343
    • /
    • 2004
  • We conducted to investigate citizen's attitude to the treatment of food waste in Yongin city. The respondent of $41.81\%$ throws the food waste eliminate from home and store less than 1l in Yongin. When they dump the food waste, they speak out the inconvenience of damaged envelope by animals in case of home and store. This caused troubles for reason of sanitary. So a local autonomous entity must carefully consider of expand use specially designed container as like apartment house. They give an answer that the collecting time of food waste is suitable form dawn till morning. This answer shows the satisfaction of the period time to collect the food waste. They prefer to be appointed the exclusive place to collect food waste. The service interval of collect is suitable 1 time a day. They want to increase the number of washing of the collecting container. This is good method for sanitary condition, but the care of the period time to collect the food waste is more efficient than the care of the number of washing the collecting container. The care of the period time minimizes to incur the enmity of the people and to pollute in environment. The major of respondent handled the food waste after keeping the basket or a kit. This fact shows to us almost citizen doesn't feel the seriousness to remove the moisture of the food waste. Recently, many solutions which can be disposal efficiently are getting magnified and improved owing to increase utilities channel to loss in quantities and dry the food waste. We expect the reduction of food waste is solved getting easily step by step. The results of the awareness about the facility of food waste show citizen prefer recycling facility to the other facilities. If recycle facility and incineration facility are constructed, they were worried about bed smell. When some facility of the food waste is constructed, they have to maintain and to handle not to incur the enmity of the people. The spread rate of specially designed container already increased, the citizen set a high value on the use of specially designed container more than amount-rate vinyl envelope that people have used for several years. In the cost treatment about food waste, the major respondent answered the use cost of specially designed container is suitable price. So we can know the use charge is proper level. The majority of citizen more prefer autonomous plan which voluntary atmosphere creation and public information by mass media than levy system and rising treatment cost which forced plan. The citizens have pretty positive thinking of incineration, so the government needs more efforts for a public notice, which includes the incineration is no more than abandoned thing. Each of local self government has to sort the food waste and make kind of resource system related to collecting and carrying, constructing a suitable facility, proper disposal of the food waste and producing harmless in our surrounding in order to solve the invisible problems. To do above mentioned things, we have to analyze referred several problems till now. Also, to minimize the side effect, the government will have to improve through enforce the system.

소설과 말기 암환자를 통해 본 한국인의 죽음의 의미

  • 전혜원;김분한
    • 호스피스학술지
    • /
    • 제3권2호
    • /
    • pp.34-54
    • /
    • 2003
  • Every one experiences death one day, however no one can knows exactly what it is because people can not experience death until it comes, it is therefore impossible to judge correctly on the phenomenon of the death. On the whole, man experiences indirect death through the mass communications such as TV drama, fiction, magazine etc because those methods can easily access by every one. In addition to this, people usually acquire the negative awareness of death through the dramatic change of story like dying of cancer for dramatic effect by giving scare and fear to the cancers. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on the spiritual care that enables the facing death patients to accept death as a part of life and divert hope from scare about after death by comparing and analyzing of two aspects of death meaning I.e, Korean fiction and the end stage cancer patients. Additionally, for medical staff to understand the facing death cancer patients by making to aware patients correctly and provide the better quality of care. The study was performed from September 28, 2002 to February, 28 2003. The materials of this study were collected by direct data obtained from observation, interviews, note and diary of end stage of cancer patients and written materials acquired from Korean contemporary fiction. Participants of this study were 4 end stage cancer patients including 2 lung cancer patients, 1 liver cancer patient and 1 esophagus cancer patient. The methodology used in this study was divided into two types; Huberman & Miles methodology was used for fiction to find and categorize subject, and Colaizzi, one of phenomenological methodology was used for end stage cancer patients to find the major meaning, subject and categorization. 1.The death investigated in the fiction, was found as a progress of negative emotion, acceptance and sublimation, life related subjects in the negative emotion were tenacity for life, anxiety, lingering attachment, responsibility, abandonment and death related subjects were shock, isolation, fear, scare and rejection. Acceptance related subjects were acceptance, destiny, secularism, preparation and arrangement, and sublimation related subjects were sublimation through Christian and Buddhism. 2.The death showed in the participants was negative emotion, acceptance and sublimation, life related subjects were repentance, anxiety, responsibility and hopelessness, and death related subjects were dejection, solitude, anger, fear and scare. The acceptance was a type of religious acceptance that admitted instantly by reaching an understanding with the God, and death was accepted as a progress of preparation, arrangement, acceptance and hope. Sublimation related subjects were Christian sublimation and relief or destiny incurred from self-reflective sublimation through communications and thoughts. 3.The death in view of fiction and participants were positively accepted both death and negative emotion, and the study disclosed the fact that death was sublimated dependent on religion. 4.The progress of negative emotion, acceptance and sublimation was disclosed more complicated and various in the real end stage cancer patients and acceptance only found in the patients on the form of religious acceptance, according to the results compared with fiction and real end stage cancer patients. The death showed in the fiction was standardized, gradated and similar progress with psychological status of Kubler-Ross. However, death in the participants was showed complex and various feelings simultaneously, and sometimes they accepted death positively. The sublimation through religion was found in Buddhism and Christian in the fiction and mostly Christian in the participants due to a number of Hospice patients. It was found that negative emotion various types of death was more found in the participants than fiction. It is therefore necessary to study on the response of death in various types. In the participants death was incurred more systematic and variously, we knew that nursing practice focused on experience of participants is required and reality on death is much profound than we analyzed and presented, lots of situations and reactions should be premised because we can not completely rule out the negligence possibility of care mediation of participants. In caring for the facing death patients, we discovered and confirmed again through this study that the spiritual care should be needed as a mediation method.

  • PDF

통합 STEM 교육에 대한 중등 교사의 인식과 요구 (Secondary Teachers' Perceptions and Needs Analysis on Integrative STEM Education)

  • 이효녕;손동일;권혁수;박경숙;한인기;정현일;이성수;오희진;남정철;오영재;방성혜;서보현
    • 한국과학교육학회지
    • /
    • 제32권1호
    • /
    • pp.30-45
    • /
    • 2012
  • 전세계의 교육공동체들은 STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) 과목들을 통합하려는 노력에 주목해오고 있다. 우리나라에서도 또한 과학기술 인재 양성을 위해 초 중등학교에서 과학기술학, 예술, 수학교육(STEAM)을 융합형으로 가르치는 교육을 강조하고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 과학, 기술, 수학교사를 대상으로 하여 중등학교에서 이루어지고 있는 통합교육의 현황과 통합 STEM 교육(Integrative STEM Education)에 대한 교사들의 인식과 요구를 분석하는 것이다. 전국 중등교사 중 과학, 수학, 기술 교과를 담당하는 251명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하였으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사들은 통합 교육의 필요성에 대하여 긍정적인 생각을 가지고 있는 반면 실제 교육현장에서는 통합 교육 준비에 대한 불충분한 시간과 통합 교육에 대한 전문성, 교수경험 그리고 교수-학습 자료의 부족으로 통합 교육을 실시해 본 횟수는 적었다. 둘째, 그들은 통합 교육을 활성화하기 위하여 다양한 프로그램 개발, 통합 교육 준비를 위한 학교의 행 재정적 지원, 그리고 교사들을 위한 연수 실시 등을 요구하였다. 셋째, 통합 STEM 교육에 대한 인식은 전반적으로 불충분하지만 교사들은 학생들의 창의력, 사고력과 실생활에서의 적용 및 응용력을 기르기 위해 통합 STEM 교육이 필요하다고 인식하였다. 넷째, 교사들은 통합 STEM 교육 프로그램 개발, 교수-학습 자료의 보급을 시급한 과제로 생각하고 있다. 다섯째, 교사들은 통합 STEM 교육 프로그램에 적합한 통합 방식은 문제해결중심의 통합 방식으로 나타났다. 아울러, 통합 STEM 교육이 통합적 문제 해결과 담당 교과의 소양 함양에 효과적이라고 생각하며, 과학기술 인재 양성에 영향을 많이 줄 것이라고 생각하고 있었다. STEM 관련 중등교사들의 통합 STEM 교육에 대한 인식을 높이고, 통합 STEM 교육을 활성화하기 위해서 학교 현장을 중심으로 교사의 요구가 반영된 프로그램, 다양한 교수 학습 자료의 보급, 그리고 관련 연수들이 필요하다.

노인복지시설(老人福祉施設)에 대한 대학생(大學生)의 의식(意識)과 관련요인(關聯要因) (An Awareness of Welfare Facility for the Elderly and It's Related Factors of College Students)

  • 좌윤택;남철현;박천만
    • 대한예방한의학회지
    • /
    • 제2권1호
    • /
    • pp.87-111
    • /
    • 1998
  • For the newly approach of policy with the old aged era at hand, the result which examines the 1,200 students attending professional colleges and upward in three small-to-medium sized cities, for two months, from October 1, 1996 to November 30, in order to know the change of consciousness of the growing modern young intellectual age group is as follows. 1. The objects of survey consist of 72.1% of women, 40.4% of 20 to 21 age, 49.1% of atheists, and people from big cities and fishing and agrarian village occupy equally 40.2%. Concerning the long-termed residents, 49% of them dwell in big cities. In case of the parents' age is more than 55, 31.5% in fathers, and 10.9% in mothers. 2. The types of housing in which they desire to reside in their getting older are : 72.8% of them hope to live in individual houses, 16.6% in apartments or villas, and 3.4% in social welfare facilities. Out of respondents, compared with other groups, man rather than woman, those who are 20 to 21 age group and from fishing and agrarian villages and have over 7 family members and live with their parents have a higher preference for independent houses. 3. The districts in which they hope to live when they are old are : 41.6% of them, with the highest percent, hope to live in farming villages, the older they are, the more they hope to live in agricultural district, and women of 21 years and upward hope to live in big cities. On the other hand, the preferable degree for social welfare facilities is higher each in people who are 24 years and upward, buddhists, self-boarding students, and the more poorly they are off, the higher the percent is. 4. The types of preferable welfare facilities for the elderly are : 58.2% of them think silver towns desirable, 28.4% think the charged (or free) elderly welfare facilities. Compared with other groups, the percentage which prefer silver towns is higher in women, people from big cities, residents of main family, long-termed city residents, people with higher income, people having grandparents alive, and people who had experience of taking lectures on hygienics or social welfare. 5. 50.3% of the respondents insist that provision of living expenses against old age should be insured by social security system, and 42.8% by the elderly themselves. The percentage of the former shows higher in people of 21 years and upward, women, residents of fishing and agrarian villages, christians, people in more needy circumstances and people who have experience of using a medical institution. 6. Compared with other nations, 54.5% of the respondents have an opinion that elderly welfare and welfare work in Korea stays in insufficient level and most of them are women, people from farming village, residents of head family, people having younger parents and people being worse health condition, and they have a more positive attitude about the elderly welfare work. 7. 92.3% of the respondents answered that a national budget for the elderly welfare is scarce, and the percentage is higher in people who are older, residents of big cities, people in lower living condition and people in worse health condition. 8. 35.2% of the respondents answered that the proper cost of their old age must be over 220mi11ion. The more a family's total income is, the higher the percentage is. 9. The factors which have an effect on the preference of silver towns are sex(p<0.01, the type of the present residence(p<0.05), and a family's total income(p<0.05). 10. From the survey result of the above, we comes to the conclusion that, for the sake of welfare of the increasing elderly population, government authorities and parties concerned must exert their utmost for the elderly welfare by increasing a budget of it and establishing a number of facilities of the elderly welfare and silver towns located in fresh and comfortable villages. In addition, they have to set up a course of hygienics in all the colleges and instruct the contexts on hygienic welfare as well.

  • PDF

어머니의 스마트폰 사용습관이 유아의 공격성 및 정서지능에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Smartphone Usage Habits of Mothers on Aggression and Emotional Intelligence of Young Children)

  • 유지은;김성재;황지애
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
    • /
    • 제18권1호
    • /
    • pp.325-335
    • /
    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 어머니의 스마트폰 사용습관이 유아의 공격성과 정서지능에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 전북 소재, 만 3~5세 유아가 스마트폰 사용 경험이 있는 어머니 총 275부의 설문 자료를 활용하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 스마트폰 사용습관과 유아의 공격성 및 정서지능의 일반적 경향을 분석한 결과, 어머니의 스마트폰 사용습관의 일반적 경향은 전반적으로 낮은 비율을 보였으며, 하위요인별로는 '내성 및 몰입'이 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 유아 공격성의 일반적 경향에서는 전반적으로 낮은 비율을 보였고, 하위요인별로는 '지위획득 공격성'이 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 유아 정서지능의 일반적 경향에서는 대체로 보통수준의 비율을 나타내었으며, 하위요인별로는 '어머니와의 관계'가 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 둘째, 어머니의 스마트폰 사용습관과 유아의 공격성 및 정서지능과의 관계를 분석한 결과, 어머니의 스마트폰 사용습관과 유아 공격성은 정적상관관계가 있었으며, 유아 정서지능과는 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 스마트폰 사용습관 하위요인 중 가상세계지향과 정서지능 하위요인 중 자기정서 인식 및 표현은 부적상관관계를 보였다. 셋째, 어머니의 스마트폰 사용습관이 유아의 공격성에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 어머니의 스마트폰 사용습관 및 하위요인 모두에서 유아의 공격성에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 어머니의 스마트폰 사용습관이 유아의 정서지능에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 어머니의 스마트폰 사용습관 및 하위요인 모두에서 유아의 정서지능에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

Assessment of Breast Cancer Knowledge among Health Workers in Bangui, Central African Republic: a Cross-sectional study

  • Balekouzou, Augustin;Yin, Ping;Pamatika, Christian Maucler;Nambei, Sylvain Wilfrid;Djeintote, Marceline;Doromandji, Eric;Gouaye, Andre Richard;Yamba, Pascal Gastien;Guessy, Elysee Ephraim;Ba-Mpoutou, Bertrand;Mandjiza, Dieubeni Rawago;Shu, Chang;Yin, Minghui;Fu, Zhen;Qing, Tingting;Yan, Mingming;Mella, Grace;Koffi, Boniface
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
    • /
    • 제17권8호
    • /
    • pp.3769-3776
    • /
    • 2016
  • Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. High breast cancer mortality has been attributed to lack of public awareness of the disease. Little is known about the level of knowledge of breast cancer in Central African Republic. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of health professionals on breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 158 health professionals (27 medical; 131 paramedical) in 17 hospitals in Bangui using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis, Person's ${\chi}^2$ test and ANOVA were applied to examine associations between variables with p < 0.05 being considered significant. Results: Data analyzed using SPSS version 20 indicates that average knowledge about breast cancer perception of the entire population was 47.6%, diagnosis method 45.5%, treatment 34.3% and risk factors 23.8%. Most respondents (65.8%) agreed that breast cancer is important in Central African Republic and that family history is a risk factor (44.3%). Clinical assessments and mammography were considered most suitable diagnostic methods, and surgery as the best treatment. The knowledge level was significantly higher among medical than paramedical staff with regard to risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. However the trainee group had very high significant differences of knowledge compared with all other groups. Conclusions: There is a very urgent need to update the various training programs for these professionals, with recommendations of retraining. Health authorities must create suitable structures for the overall management of cancer observed as a serious public health problem.

fMRI를 이용한 망간 노출 용접공의 운동수행에 따른 뇌 활성도 평가 (Cerebral Activity by Motor Task in Welders Exposed to Manganese through fMRI)

  • 최재호;장봉기;이종화;홍은주;이명주;지동하
    • 한국환경보건학회지
    • /
    • 제37권2호
    • /
    • pp.102-112
    • /
    • 2011
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of chronic exposure by welders to manganese (Mn) through an analysis of the degree of brain activity in different activities such as cognition and motor activities using the neuroimaging technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The neurotoxic effect that Mn has on the brain was examined as well as changes in the neuro-network in motor areas, and the usefulness of fMRI was evaluated as a tool to determine changes in brain function from occupational exposure to Mn. Methods: A survey was carried out from July 2010 to October 2010 targeting by means of a questionnaire 160 workers from the shipbuilding and other manufacturing industries. Among them, 14 welders with more than ten years of job-related exposure to Mn were recruited on a voluntary basis as an exposure group, and 13 workers from other manufacturing industries with corresponding gender and age were recruited as a control group. A questionnaire survey, a blood test, and an fMRI test were carried out with the study group as target. Results: Of 27 fMRI targets, blood Mn concentration of the exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001), and Pallidal Index (PI) of the welder group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001). As a result of the survey, the score of the exposure group in self-awareness of abnormal nerve symptoms and abnormal musculoskeletal symptoms was higher than those of the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05, respectively). In the correlation between PI and the results of blood tests, the correlation coefficient with blood Mn concentration was 0.893, revealing a significant amount of correlation (p<0.001). As for brain activity area within the control group, the right and the left areas of the superior frontal cortex showed significant activity, and the right area of superior parietal cortex, the left area of occipital cortex and cerebellum showed significant activity. Unlike the control group, the exposure group showed significant activity selectively on the right area of premotor cortex, at the center of supplementary motor area, and on the left side of superior temporal cortex. In the comparison of brain activity areas between the two groups, the exposure group showed a significantly higher activation state than did the control group in such areas as the right and the left superior parietal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and cerebellum including superior frontal cortex and the right area of premotor cortex. However, in nowhere did the control group show a more activated area than did the exposure group. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to Mn increased brain activity during implementation of hand motor tasks. In an identical task, activation increased in the premotor cortex, superior temporal cortex, and supplementary motor area. It was also discovered that brain activity increase in the frontal area and occipital area was more pronounced in the exposure group than in the control group. This result suggests that chronic exposure to Mn in the work environment affects brain activation neuro-networks.

초·중등 과학교사들의 통합과학교육에 대한 인식과 교사 전문성에 관한 10년 주기(2008-2018) 비교 연구 (A Decade of Comparative Study on the Changes in Elementary and Secondary School Science Teachers' Professionalism and Perceptions of Integrated Science Education)

  • 맹희주;손연아
    • 한국과학교육학회지
    • /
    • 제39권6호
    • /
    • pp.717-728
    • /
    • 2019
  • 창의융합 인재 양성의 중요성으로 우리나라 교육과정도 융합과 통합교육을 지향하며 많은 변화가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 과학과 교육과정의 변화와 더불어 최근 10년간 과학교사들의 통합과학 교육에 대한 인식과 전문성이 어떤 변화가 있는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 서울과 경기도 소재의 2007 개정 교육과정이 적용되고 있었던 2008년도의 초·중등 과학교사 359명과 2015 개정 교육과정이 적용되고 있었던 2018년도의 초·중등 과학교사 360명을 대상으로 통합과학교육에 대한 인식과 전문성(PCK)에 대하여 10년간의 변화를 살펴보았으며, 분석 결과에 따른 결론은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 2018년 초·중등 과학교사들은 통합과학교육에 대한 인지가 통계적으로 유의미하게 높아졌음에도 불구하고 '보통' 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 통합과학교육의 성공적인 안착을 위해 교사의 전문성 향상, 교수학습 자료의 제공, 학습내용의 축소, 학생 수 감소와 시간표의 융통성 확보, 학생과 학부모의 통합과학교육에 대한 인식 확대의 필요에 대한 인식도 유의미하게 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 자기진단에 의한 PCK 조사 결과, 교과 내용 지식 확보 능력, 통합과학교육과 관련된 교육과정의 이해와 수업 구성 능력, 통합적 교수 전략 능력, 통합적 수업을 위한 교수학습 환경 조성 능력, 통합과학교육의 전문성 향상을 위한 노력 등 통합과학교육에 대한 교사들의 PCK는 10년 전에 비해 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 최근 융복합 교육의 강조로 현장에서 융복합 수업의 적용 경험이 많아졌으며, 교육 패러다임의 변화에 부합하고자 하는 과학교사들의 지속적인 노력의 결실로 보여졌다.