• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2013

본 연구는 다양한 수준의 셀레늄 강화 청보리 사일리지와 무기셀레늄을 급여 시 비육기 거세한우의 생산성, 혈액 성상, 도체특성 및 조직 내 셀레늄 축적에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험은 거세비육우 20두를 공시하였고, 처리구는 셀레늄 수준에 따라 0.1 ppm Se(대조구), 0.3 ppm Se (T1), 0.9 ppm Se (T2) 및 무기셀레늄 0.9 ppm Se (T3) 급여구로 4처리를 나누어 처리구 구당 5두씩 완전임의 배치하여 90일간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 각 시험사료는 셀레늄 강화 및 셀레늄 무처리 관행 청보리 사일리지를 조합하여 건물기준 30% 함유하도록 배합하였다. 실험사료 내에 셀레늄 강화수준은 사료섭취량과 증체에 영향을 미치지 않았고, 혈중 총 지질과 중성지방농도는 대조구보다 T2구가 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 혈중 면역글로불린은 셀레늄함유량이 많을수록 높게 나타나 T2와 T3구가 대조구보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 혈중 셀레늄농도는 유기태 셀레늄을 0.9 ppm 급여한 T2구가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 도체율, 배최장근, 등지방두께, 근내지방도, 육색 및 지방색은 셀레늄급여로 인한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 사료 내 셀레늄 수준 및 형태는 육질 및 육량등급 간에 관련성이 형성되지 않았다. 신장, 간장 및 후지 내 셀레늄 함량은 사료 내 셀레늄 강화수준이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 직선적으로 증가하였고(p<0.05), 무기셀레늄급여는 대조구와 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않아, 조직 내 셀레늄함량 증가에 도움이 되지 않았다(p>0.05). 이상의 결과에서 셀레늄 강화 청보리 사일리지 내 존재하는 셀레늄은 조직 내 셀레늄함량을 증가시키기에 유효한 셀레늄급원인 것으로 나타났고, 셀레늄 강화 청보리 최고수준(0.9 ppm Se)으로 급여하여 생산된 한우 후지육 100 g에 함유되어 있는 셀레늄은 성인기준 1일 최소 셀레늄 권장량($40{\mu}g$)의 약 69%를 충족시키는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.39-54
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• 1988

The effects of exercise and selenium added high fat diet on edurance and serum lipid components were studied in rats. A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley ($150{\pm}35g$, body weight) were divided into trained group and untrained group and were bred for 7 weeks. Each group had 6 different dietary subgroups; namely, basal diet, 20％ shortening and 20％ soybean oil subgroup and selenium (0.01mg％) added each subgroups. Exercises of 8-min treadmill running and 10-min swimming were given to the trained group every other day during the experimental period while only treadmill running was given to the untrained group during the last week. The amounts of food intake, changes in body weight and endurance were determined once a week and serum lipid components were measured before and after experimental period. Following are the results obtained : 1) The untrained group took a slightly larger amount of food than that in the trained group. The food efficiency is, however, higher in the trained group. Body weight increased more in untrained group, while high fat diet resulted in greater increment in body weight than that in normal diet groups. 2) The trained group showed remarkably longer endurance than the untrained group and selenium added high fat diet enhanced the effect. 3) The trained group showed lower blood level of T-chol., TG and TG/PL than the untrained group. All the other blood values of HDL-chol., PL, MDL-chol./T-chol., HDL/LDL and A/G ratio were higher in trained group. 4) Soybean oil added dietary groups exibited lower blood levels of T-chol., TG, TG/PL and A/G than those in shortening added dietary groups. On the contrary, the former groups showed higher blood HDL-chol., PL., HDL, HDL-chol. and HDL/LDL ratio than those of soybean oil added dietary groups. 5) $LDH_5$ was the most abundant one among serum LDH isozymes. The electrophoretic pattern of serum LDH isozymes was not changed by exercise training and selenium added high fat diet. 6) Exercise training lowered blood GOT and TBA. These effects were enhanced by soybean oil added diets. From the above results it was concluded that a regular and long term exercise training as well as a small amount of selenium added high fat diet result in reduction of body weight and TBA and improve dietary efficiency and physical endurance in rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.984-991
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• 2006

Effects of spent composts of selenium-enriched mushroom (Se-SMC) on plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and selenium (Se) deposition in finishing Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers were investigated. Twenty-five Hanwoo steers (average body weight = 613 kg, average age = 22 months) were allotted to treatments in five groups of five steers per pen for 12 weeks preceding slaughter. Treatments were SMC alone (CON; 0.1 ppm Se), 0.3 ppm (0.3 Se-SMC), 0.6 ppm (0.6 Se-SMC), 0.9 ppm (0.9 Se-SMC), and 0.9 ppm (sodium selenite; SENI) Se. During the experimental period, blood samples were taken to analyze Se concentrations and GSH-Px activities. Muscle and liver samples were collected for analyses of Se contents after slaughter. Dry matter intake and body weight gain were not affected by Se-SMC or sodium selenite supplementation. Selenium concentration in the whole blood and GSH-Px activity in plasma were linearly increased (p<0.01) with increasing levels of Se-SMC. The whole blood Se concentration of SENI treatment was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of CON treatment from 4 weeks, whereas there was no significant difference in GSH-Px activities between both treatments at 8 and 12 weeks. Selenium content in the hind leg and liver increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing levels of Se-SMC, but those of SENI treatments were not significantly different from CON treatments. These results suggested that Se in the Se-SMC was highly bioavailable to blood and tissues of ruminants, especially compared with Se in the sodium selenite. Therefore, Se-SMC might be used not only as an inexpensive way of providing Se for ruminants but also as another way of producing Se-fortified beef.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

The trace mineral, selenium (Se), is an essential nutrient of fundamental importance to human health. It is also very toxic and can cause Se poisoning (selenosis) in human and animals when its intake exceeds a suitable amount. Se functions within mammalian systems primarily in the form of solenoprotein. About 35 selenoproteins have been identified, though many have not yet been fully elucidated. Selenoproteins contain Se as selenocyseine (Sec) and perform variety of structural and enzymic roles; the enzymic roles are best-known as the antioxidants for hydrogen peroxides and lipid peroxides, and the catalysts for production of activity thyroid hormone. Glutathione peroxidases ($\textrm{GP}_X$) among the selenoproteins prevent the generation of free radicals and decrease the risk of oxidative damage to tissues, as does thioredoxin reductase (TR). TR also provides reducing power for several biochemical processes. Selenoproteins P and W are involved with oxidant defense in plasma and muscle, respectively, A selenoprotein is also required for sperm motility and may reduce the risk of miscarriage. Some epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse correlation between Se status and cardiovascular disease, and there is considerable evidence 1mm population com-parison data and animal studies that Se is anticarcinogenic. It is also suggested that Se should be needed for the proper functioning of the immune system, and appear to be a key nutrient in counteracting the development of virulence and inhibiting HIV progression to AIDS. As research continues, the role of selenium in the etiology of chronic diseases like appropriate medical nutrition therapy can be delivered and its effectiveness assessed. Se status in individuals is affected by diet and the availability of the Se. The Se content of plants is affected by the content and availability of the element in the soil in which they are grown, and so greatly varies from country to country, while the Se composition of meat reflects the feeding patterns of livestock. This paper provides an overview on Se as an essential trace mineral for human.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2003

In 1957, Schwarz and Foltz discovered that selenium (Se) was an essential trace mineral and nutritionists then started extensive studies to figure out the metabolic function of this element which has been called as toxic mineral. The discovery that glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) contained Se demonstrated a biochemical role for Se as an essential trace element. The major physiological function of Se containing GSH-Px is thought to maintain low levels of $H_2O_2$ and other hydroperoxides in the cell to prevent tissues from peroxidation damages. It is known that the GSH-Px activity is increased when animals were fed high dietary levels of Se. Chemical properties of Se have much in common with sulfur (S) therefore Se would follow the sulfur pathways in its metabolism in animal body. Two sources of Se are available for supplementation of Se in animal feed. Inorganic Se can also exist in selenide (-2), elemental (0), selenite (+4) and selenate (+6) oxidation state with other minerals. When sulfur in S containing amino acids is replaced by Se, organic Se can be made and named "eleno"prior to the name of S containing amino acid, i.e. selenomethionine. Selenium deficiency affects humans as well as animals and dysfunctions such as exudative diathesis, retained placenta, mastitis, liver necrosis, Keshan disease, numerous diseases and cancer. From several centuries ago, Se toxicity was recognized in various animal species and much of the current toxic Se levels has been established largely based upon the controlled toxicity studies used inorganic Se. Toxic effects of Se in animal result in reduced feed intake, growth retardation, ataxia, diarrhea, alopecia and sloughing of hooves. However, several experiments demonstrated that Se deficiencies or toxicities were varied by dietary Se levels and sources. Recent studies demonstrated that the incidence of colorectal and prostate cancer was reduced by approximately 50% when humans consumed 200 ${\mu}g$ of Se daily.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2023

This study examined the nutritional information using the nutrition labels of gimbap sold at convenience stores and evaluated nutritional adequacy compared to dietary reference intakes for Korean adolescents. Thirty gimbaps (triangular gimbaps and regular gimbaps according to the main ingredients of vegetables, fish, and meat) were purchased at five convenience stores of different brands with many stores in Korea. The food and nutrition labels of the gimbaps were investigated, and nine minerals were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The average price of gimbap was 1,906.7 won, and average energy was 292.0 kcal, and the protein content was 15.5% of the recommended intake for Korean male adolescents aged 15~18 years. The mineral content ranged from 6.9% for zinc to 39.0% for selenium. Except for sodium and selenium, the energy, protein, and mineral content did not meet 1/3 of dietary reference intakes for adolescents. For the index of nutritional quality (INQ), calcium and zinc were the lowest in the triangular and regular gimbap, respectively. The INQ of potassium was significantly higher in triangular gimbap with vegetables. The content and INQ of selenium were in regular gimbap with fish, and the zinc INQ was in regular gimbap with meat. Overall, gimbap sold in convenience stores has a high sodium content, and the contents of energy, protein, and minerals, except selenium, are insufficient for a single meal.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2007

비타민 E 100 IU, selenium yeast로 셀레늄을 0.9 ppm과 비타민 E를 50, 100 및 150 IU로 복합 첨가하였을 때 산란계의 산란율, 난중, 1일 산란량, 사료 섭취량, 사료 요구율, 난질, 계란의 저장성 및 계란 내 셀레늄 축적에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 시험 전 기간의 산란율과 1일 산란량은 비타민 E 100 IU 첨가구와 유기태 셀레늄 0.9 ppm과 비타민 E 50 IU 복합 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 높았으며(P<0.05), 사료 섭취량과 사료 요구율은 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 차이가 없었다. Haugh unit는 5주에 비타민 E 100 IU 첨가구와 유기태 셀레늄 0.9 ppm과 비타민 E 50 IU 복합 첨가구가 대조구를 포함한 다른 처리구에 비하여 높았으며(P<0.05), 난황색은 1주에 유기태 셀레늄 0.9 ppm에 비타민 E 50 IU와 100 IU를 복합 첨가한 구가 대조구를 포함한 다른 처리구에 비하여 높았다(P<0.05). 계란의 셀레늄 함량은 유기태 셀레늄 0.9 ppm에 비타민 E 50, 100 및 150 IU를 복합 첨가한 모든 처리구가 대조구와 비타민 E 100 IU 첨가구에 비하여 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 계란 난황 내 ACL은 유기태 셀레늄 0.9 ppm와 비타민 E 150 IU 복합 첨가구가 대조구를 포함한 다른 처리구에 비하여 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 계란의 저장 기간별 Haugh unit는 대조구를 포함한 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 경과할수록 감소하였으나, 셀레늄 0.9 ppm과 비타민 E 150 IU를 복합 첨가한 경우에는 저장 1일차에서 5일차까지의 Haugh unit에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 산란계 사료에 유기태 셀레늄 0.9 ppm 첨가하면서 비타민 E를 50, 100 및 150 IU를 복합 첨가시 산란율은 유기태 셀레늄 0.9 ppm 첨가하면서 비타민 E를 50 IU 복합 첨가하면 개선되었으며, 난황내 지용성 항산화물과 계란의 저장성은 유기태 셀레늄 0.9 ppm 첨가하면서 비타민 E를 150 IU 복합 첨가하면 향상되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.114-122
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• 2010

본 연구는 젊은 여성인 여대생의 철 영양상태를 살펴보고, 체격과 체내 셀레늄 수준과의 관계를 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 대상자들의 평균 나이는 21.9세이며, 키, 체중 및 체질량지수는 각각 164 cm와 60.1 kg, $22.2\;kg/m^2$를 나타내었고, 체질량지수는 $17.9\;kg/m^2$에서 $35.9\;kg/m^2$까지의 다양한 수준의 체격 분포를 보였다. 본 연구 여대생들의 철결핍과 빈혈율은 각각 27.1%, 8.6%이지만, 철 결핍성 빈혈율은 1.4%에 불과하였다. 체질량지수에 따른 철 영양상태를 보면, 체질량지수가 가장 낮은 집단에서 혈청 페리틴 수준과 혈청 철 수준이 낮았지만, 체중 증가에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 헤모글로빈 수준이나 적혈구 용적비는 체격에 따른 차이를 전혀 보이지 않았으며, 적혈구수는 저체중군에서 중체중군으로 체질량지수가 증가하였으나 고체중군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 본 연구 대상자들의 평균 혈청 셀레늄 수준은 $12.0\;{\mu}g/dL$를 나타내었다. 혈청 셀레늄 수준에 따른 철 지표를 보면 혈청 페리틴 수준은 혈청 셀레늄 농도 증가에 따른 차이를 보이지 않지만, 혈청 철 수준과 혈액의 적혈구수, 적혈구 용적비는 평균 셀레늄 수준이 $9.6\;{\mu}g/dL$에서 혈청 셀레늄 $11.4\;{\mu}g/dL$으로 증가하는 경우 유의적으로 증가하여 낮은 셀레늄군에 비해 중셀레늄군 및 고셀레늄군에서 증가하였다. 혈청 페리틴 수준은 체질량지수에 의해 약 25.0%를 설명할 수 있으며, 적혈구수는 혈청 셀레늄 수준과 체지방율에 의해 변이의 26.2%를 설명할 수 있었다. 그러나 헤모글로빈이나 적혈구 용적비 등 다른 철 지표들은 쳬질량지수나 혈청 셀레늄 수준에 의해 설명이 되지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 체내 철 수준은 혈청 셀레늄수준, 체격인자 중 체질량지수 및 체지방율과 관련성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.975-984
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• 2005

본 연구는 유기태 셀레늄 급여가 한우의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 유기태 셀레늄 혼합제의 첨가량을 달리하여 비육말기 거세한우에 급여하였을 때 나타나는 성장, 육질, 체내 셀레늄 분포 및 경제성을 분석 평가하고자 실시하였다. 총 45두의 비육후기 거세한우를 유기태 셀레늄 혼합제 급여 수준에 따라 15 두씩 3개의 시험구에 임의배치 하고 사료 건물 중 셀레늄 함량을 0.5ppm 수준이 되도록 유기셀레늄 혼합제를 급여한 시험구(0.5ppm OSM구), 1.0ppm 수준으로 처리한 시험구(1.0ppm OSM구) 및 대조구(혼합제 무첨가 관행사육구)로 나누어 4개월간 사양시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 3개의 시험구간 총 증체량, 일일 증체량 및 사료 섭취량의 통계적 유의성은 없었다(p>0.05). 도체중량, 배최장근면적, 등지방두께, 육량지수, 육색지수, 지방색, 연도, 성숙도 등에서도 시험구간 유의적 차이가 인정되지 않았다(p>0.05). 그러나 상대적으로 유기태 셀레늄과 함께 미생물 제제가 많이 공급된 1.0ppm OSM 구에서 사료효율(사료요구량과 증체당 TDN), 도체등급 및 육질등급이 다른 시험구보다 좋은 성적을 나타냈다. 각 조직의 셀레늄은 유기태 셀레늄 급여에 의해 함량이 증가되었는데 0.5ppm OSM 구에서는 간과 우둔 그리고 1.0ppm OSM 구에서는 신장, 간, 등심 및 우둔의 셀레늄함량이 대조구보다 높았다(p<0.05). 조직 내 셀레늄 함량은 전반적으로 1.0ppm OSM 구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 각 조직간 셀레늄 함량은 신장, 간, 등심 그리고 우둔 순으로 높았다. 사양시험 종료시 도체 경락가를 기초로 경제성을 평가하였을 때 1.0ppm OSM 구가 대조구에 비하여 수익성이 5.5% 정도 높았다. 결론적으로, 유기셀레늄 혼합제의 급여와 급여수준은 사료섭취량, 증체량 그리고 도체특성에 큰 영향을 주지 않았지만 각 조직의 셀레늄 함량을 증가시켰다. 또한 유기셀레늄 혼합제를 1.0ppm 수준으로 사용하였을 때 육우 판매수입이 증가하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.802-811
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to 1) examine the dietary patterns of fatty acids and the fatty acid composition in serum, 2) determine selenium (Se) concentrations, and 3) investigate how serum fatty acid compositon affects serum levels of Se in Korean elementary school children. The subjects consisted of 168 school children(82 boys & 86 girls) belonging to 1st through 6th grades, and their dietary assessment was evaluated. The serum fatty acid composition was analyzed by GLC, and the ICP/MS method was employed to measure serum Se concentration. Total average intake of PUFA, MUFA and SFA were 10.5g, 12.7g, 11.2g respectively. Total average dietary P/M/S ratio was 1.10/1.18/1.0. The average intake of $\omega$3 fatty acids and $\omega$6 fatty acids were 1.33g, 9.19g, respectively. The $\omega$6/$\omega$3ratio was 14.2 which is higher than the recommended range. In serum fatty acid composition, PUFA, MUFA, SFA were 40.6%, 28.1% and 31.6% respectively. The average $\omega$3 fatty acid composition was 3.80%, and the mean value of $\omega$6 series was 36.8%. The M/S ratio of girls was significantly higher than boy's in fatty acids intake and in serum composition. Mean Se concentration of total subjects was 416.7ug/l and it was significantly higher in the lower grades(1st-3rd)than in the upper grades(4th~6th, p<0.05). Although the mean serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with PUFA composition in total boys and girls, it was not significant. Serum Se concentration was negatively correlated with P/S ratio and C24:1 concentration(p<0.05). In addition, serum composition of $\omega$6 PUFA and C24:1 showed negative correlations with serum Se in only lower grades girl(1st~3rd), and further studies are needed to clarify in these phenomena. In conclusion, the mean serum Se concentration was significantly lower in upper grades (4th~6th)than in lower grades(1st~3rd) of elementary school children and was negatively correlated with P/S ratio of serum fatty acids. More detailed studies on relationship between Se and fatty acids are required.