• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.955-961
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• 2006

The global ultrasonic system for the self-localization of a mobile robot consists of several ultrasonic transmitters fixed at some reference positions in the global coordinates of robot environment. By activating the ultrasonic transmitters, the mobile robot is able to get the distance to the ultrasonic transmitters and compute its own position in the global coordinate. Due to the limitation on the ultrasonic signal strength and beam width as well as the environmental obstacles however, the ultrasonic signals from some generator may not be transmitted to the robot. Thus, instead of activating the all ultrasonic transmitters, it is necessary to select some ultrasonic generators to activate based on the current robot position. In this paper, we propose a selective activation algorithm for self-localization with the global ultrasonic system. The selective activation algorithm gets the meaningful ultrasonic data at every sampling instants, which results in the faster and more accurate response of the self-localization than the conventional sequential activation. Through the self-localization and path following control, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed selective activation algorithm.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.425-435
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• 2015

Though most researchers studying humor in recent years agree that 'incongruity' is essential factor of humor elicitation, they have different views in the course of schema activation in processing humor text. One of the different views on schema activation in processing humor text is wether schemata are activated concurrently or selectively. While concurrent activation view suggests that different schemata are concurrently activated because we perceive them at the same time, selective activation view suggests that different schemata are selectively activated because we use selective attention for their perception. This study was conducted to verify these two different views. We clarified that different schemata were activated in processing of humor text, and we examined whether Vaid's experiment failed or not. Experiment was designed mixed 2 (schema1, schema2) ${\times}$ 3 (setup, incongruity, resolution) ${\times}$ (humor, control) factorial design and latin square counterbalancing. As a result of experiment, we got data that different schemata were activated in the course of 'Incongruity' at the same time. Most of all, the activated schemata were kept activation in the course of 'Resolution'. This result suggest that different schemata were activated concurrently.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.304-310
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate effective cueing methods for selective muscle activation of gluteus medius muscles. Design: Cross sectional study design. Methods: Using the inclusion criteria for this study, 20 healthy adults, both males and females were selected for the measurement of muscle activation of gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and tensor fascia latae muscles while performing clamshell exercise, basic movements in leg raise in side-lying, and 3 different cueing methods. Electromyogram was used to measure muscle activation, and both muscle activation and muscle ratio were compared during the basic movements and different cueing methods. Results: Gluteus medius activation was highest using "try not to make your body rotate" (cueing method 2) in both clamshell exercise and leg raise side-lying (F=5.533, p<0.05, F=7.771, p<0.05), and muscle ratio was highest in clamshell exercise using cueing method 2 (p<0.05) and "don't move your tensor fascia late" (cueing method 1) in leg raise side-lying (p<0.05). This study showed that cueing method 1 in leg raise side-lying and cueing method 2 in clamshell exercise were the most effective cueing methods for selective muscle activation of gluteus medius muscle. Conclusions: The results of this study may be used as basic information for future studies on muscle activation and muscle ratio for different cueing methods and different muscles in various exercises.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.338-344
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• 2014

As the role of information collection becomes increasingly important in the enormous data environment, there is growing demand for more intelligent information technologies for managing complex data. On the other hand, it is difficult to find a solution because of the data complexity and big scaled amount. Accordingly, there is a need for a special intelligent knowledge base frame that can be operated by itself flexibly. In this paper, by adopting switching function for signal transmission in the synapse of the human brain, I/E selective activation based knowledge reconfiguring mechanism is proposed for building more intelligent information management system. In particular, knowledge network design, a special knowledge node structure, Type definition, I/E gauge definition and I/E matching scheme are provided. Using these concepts, the proposed system makes the functions of activation by I/E Gauge, selection and reconfiguration. In a more efficient manner, the routing and reasoning process was performed based on the knowledge reconfiguration network. In the experiments, the process of selection by I/E matching, knowledge reconfiguration and routing & reasoning results are described.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.684-696
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• 2018

The mission in missile systems can be conducted with multiple phases according to the characteristics of the systems and the targets. The safeguarded multi-phase mission includes a safeguarded phase before launch for considering the safety of operators in unexpected squib activation. However, the safeguard function should be disabled after launch to complete the mission. Therefore, the squib system needs to be selectively activated according to the phases. This paper presents a selective squib activation and check circuit design for safeguarded multi-phase missions in missile systems. The presented circuit design was implemented with various electronic components including a field-programmable gate array(FPGA). Its functions and performance were validated by both many ground tests and several flight tests.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.269-278
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate effective cueing methods for selective muscle activation of the serratus anterior. Methods: Based on the inclusion criteria, 26 healthy adults, both males and females, were recruited for the measurement of muscle activation of the upper trapezius and serratus anterior muscles while performing basic movements in knee push-up plus (KPP) and dynamic hug (DH) positions using five different cueing methods. An electromyogram was used to measure muscle activation, and both muscle activation and muscle ratio (serratus anterior/upper trapezius) were compared during the basic movements and different cueing methods. The cueing methods were trapezius verbal cueing, trapezius verbal cueing + trapezius tactile cueing, emphasis verbal cueing, serratus anterior tactile cueing, and trapezius verbal cueing + trapezius tactile cueing + serratus anterior tactile cueing. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the muscles for the two exercises (p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference between the cueing methods (p < 0.05). The correlative effect between the muscles and cueing methods was also significant (p < 0.05). The muscle ratio in trapezius verbal cueing + trapezius tactile cueing + serratus anterior tactile cueing during KPP and DH was higher than in basic movements and other cueing methods. This confirms that trapezius verbal cueing + trapezius tactile cueing + serratus anterior tactile cueing is an effective cueing method for selective activation of the serratus anterior during KPP and DH. This study also demonstrated that cueing by a therapist may both increase and decrease selective muscle activation. Conclusion: Through this study, an effective cueing method to selectively activate the serratus anterior may be suggested, and the results of this study may provide basic information regarding future studies and clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.249-253
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study intends to examine the effects of change of anatomical position of the ankle joint in open kinematic chain, an appropriate position for selective muscle training, on vastus lateralis obliques, rectus femoris, vastus medilais obliques, and rectus abdominalis muscle activation and to present an effective method of muscle training for patients and normal people. METHODS: The participants of this study were Korean healthy adult in their 20s. The 8 channel surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activation while the subjects raised their legs under each condition. Under each condition, while the subjects raised the leg to hip joint flexion at $60^{\circ}$ along the arch. RESULTS: The analysis result of muscle activation by each section and position during leg rising. There were significant differences. CONCLUSION: For independent strengthening of each muscle, muscle activation was measured according to leg raising angles and the result differed according to each section and position. If this study result is applied to muscle training for patients who need selective muscle training, more effective muscle strengthening will be made possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.911-918
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• 2014

In this paper, a selective activation strategy of cohesive elements using user subroutine UMPC was studied as an efficient solution for the added compliance problem in cohesive zone model crack propagation analyses. The cohesive elements were inserted between every bulk elements in region where cracks were expected to initiate and propagate, but initially not activated by tying the cohesive nodes using multi-point constraints. During analyses, the cohesive elements for which specified criterion was met were selectively activated by releasing the constraints. The effect of initial cohesive stiffness and the release criterion on the crack propagation behavior was carefully investigated.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2007

Serotonin (5-HT), the endogenous nonselective 5-HT receptor agonist, activates the inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate/calcium $(InsP3/Ca^{2+})$ signaling pathway and exerts both stimulatory and inhibitory actions on cAMP production and neuromodulin secretion in rat hypothalamic neurons. Specific mRNA transcripts for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT4 were identified in rat hypothalamic neurons. These experiments were supported by combined techniques such as cAMP and a $Ca^{2+}$ assays in order to elucidate the associated receptors and signaling pathways. The cAMP production and neuromodulin release were profoundly inhibited during the activation of the Gi-coupled 5-HT1A receptor. Treatment with a selective agonist to activate the Gq-coupled 5-HT2C receptor stimulated InsP3 production and caused $Ca^{2+}$ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Selective activation of the Gs-coupled 5-HT4 receptor also stimulated cAMP production, and caused an increase in neuromodulin secretion. These findings demonstrate the ability of 5-HT receptor subtypes expressed in neurons to induce neuromodulin production. This leads to the activation of single or multiple G-proteins which regulate the $InsP3/Ca^{2+}/PLC-{\gamma}$ and adenyl cyclase / cAMP signaling pathways.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.533-541
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• 1999

Many conventional anticancer drugs display relatively poor selectivity for neoplastic cells, in particular for solid tumors. Furthermore, expression or development of drug resistance, increased glutathione transferases as well as enhanced DNA repair decrease the efficacy of these drugs. Research efforts continue to overcome these problems by understanding these mechanisms and by developing more effective anticancer drugs. Cyclophosphamide is one of the most widely used alkylating anticancer agents. Because of its unique activation mechanism, numerous bioreversible prodrugs of phosphramide mustard, the active species of cyclophosphamide, have been investigated in an attempt to improve the therapeutic index. Solid tumors are particularly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. There has been considerable interest in designing drugs selective for hypoxic environments prevalent in solid tumors. Much of the work had been centered on nitroheterocyclics that utilize nitroreductase enzyme systems for their activation. In this article, recent developments of anticancer prodrug design are described with a particular emphasis on exploitation of selective metabolic processes for their activation.