• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1263-1272
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• 1999

This study was alone to identify the meaning and the essence of the menopause experience by means of the Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. The participants were eight women, 48-60 years old, who were experiencing perimenopause or postmenopause. They were selected using a theoretical sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from April 6 to May 20, 1999. The interviews took from 40 to 90 minutes. Interviews were tape- recorded and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Significant statements from data were extracted. From these formulated meanings, 18 themes, 8 clusters of themes and 3 catagories were constructed. Final descriptions were found to be valid through the interviewee validation process. Essential themes of the menopausal experience which emerged were “coming of change”, “inclined to deny the in mind”, and “adapted life”. Menopause, as coming of change was the turning point in the women’s life cycle acompaning changes, in body and mind and marital life changes. Especially, the unpredictable menopausal changes were an opportunity to hide the fact of menopause and not to talk with anybody. Such a phenomenon reflected on the psychological attributes of menopausal woman such as an inclination to deny in the mind. Their experiences of menopause as adapted life were generally regarded as signalling the end of fertility and were interpreted as a natural developmental process that indicates a life transition. In conclusion, participants depicted the menopause as a natural stage in the life cycle. In order to help women have a positive life change and self accomplishment, nurses need to understand the essential themes of the menopausal experience. Thus, the importance of an open approach in eliciting the phenomena of menopause cannot be overemphasized. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that exercise program is one of the effective interventions to improve the self-efficacy and also to lower the fatigue in the sample of female college students.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.367-392
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• 2015

학술지와 학술지에 실린 논문의 메타데이터는 학술정보를 검색하는데 있어 매우 중요한 수단이 된다. 이 연구에서는 도서관계의 주요 목록 규칙, 논문 관련 미국 표준인 JATS, 해외의 유명 출판사의 출판용 XML DTD를 분석하여 학술지와 논문이 가지는 메타데이터의 기술요소를 파악하고자 하였다. 이들을 비교분석한 결과, 총 50개의 메타데이터 요소를 추출하였다. 학술지 관련 요소는 10개, 권/호는 7개, 논문은 22개, 그리고 저자 관련해서는 11개이다. 메타데이터의 선별적인 선택이 가능하도록 7개의 필수요소, 9개의 해당시 필수요소, 34개의 재량요소로 구분하여 제시하였다. 이 연구는 실제 사용되는 XML DTD를 이용하여 메타데이터 요소를 선별하였다는데 의미가 있다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2002

워터프린트는 도심 및 내륙지역과는 다른 독특한 기후특성을 가지고 있으며 이를 고려하지 않고 개발할 경우 시설물의 하자발생, 에너지 및 유지관리비용의 상승을 초래하게 됨은 물론 배후지, 도시기후에 악영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구는 부산지역의 10개 기상관측지점을 해안선에서 거리에 따라 워터프린트 및 내륙지역으로 분류하고 5년 간의 기상데이터를 이용하여 워터프런트의 기후특성에 대해 검토한다. 또 한 워터프런트 지역임에도 내륙지역과 유사한 기후특성이 나타나고 있는 대연지점을 대상으로 기후특성변화의 원인에 대해 검토한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.825-834
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• 2008

선진국에서의 강변여과수 개발은 150년 정도의 역사를 가지고 있다. 한국에서도 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 용수수요에 안정적으로 대처하기 위한 원수 확보방안으로 강변여과수에 대한 조사가 1990년대부터 4대강 유역을 중심으로 시작되었으며, 현재 낙동강을 중심으로 강변여과를 활용한 상수도 공급이 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 서울의 원수수질 안정을 위한 방안으로 강변여과 도입의 타당성에 대한 연구이다. 개발 적지의 선정을 위해 여러 가지 속성들을 계층적으로 분류하고 각 속성의 중요도를 파악함으로써 최적 대안을 선정하는 계층분석과정기법(AHP)을 적용하였다. 한강 유역의 경우 개발후보지역을 대상으로 적지분석을 실시한 결과, 수질 및 기존시설연계성 등에서 유리한 광나루지구가 최적지로 선정되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.16-30
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• 2002

This study tried to understand an ambiguous urban landscape through a relational context. Gongpyeong district, an urban renewal area in Seoul, was selected as the site of the case study because traditional and modern styles coexist in this district. The research method and processes are summarized as follows. First, the district, which has both a redeveloped environment and an inherent environment, was divided into Yin & Yang structures. Next, an effort was made to grasp the fundamental relational characteristics(external relationships) of each type through three aspects: physical environment, activities, and meaning. As a result, Yin characteristics were found in the redeveloped environment which has predominantly Yang characteristics. In many cases, advertising, which is a Yang element, was missing in the redeveloped area. On the other hand, in the inherent environment which has Yin characteristics in general, shabby appearances were evident in aspects beyond advertising, and Yang elements, were found from the viewpoint of the theory of place. On the basis of these results, new dualistic frameworks with respect to the functions were re-structured, and complementary characteristics (internal relationship) based on topological aspects were analyzed. Unlike the monotonous appearances found in large scale environments, a variety of spatial characteristics were found in the various small scale environments. This explains that the dualistic coexistence has made a contribution to the complementary attributes of urban landscape. This study has the following ramifications. Much research of urban landscapes that has used western methodology which employs analytic aspects. As a methodology of urban landscape research this study introduced Iching, which tries to understand phenomena in a relational context. In addition, this study expects that the profound understanding of urban environments and the detailed relationship through this framework will suggest a new approach to urban planning, design and management related to future urban environments.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.633-645
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• 2010

As the globalization increased, cultural heritage has been widely used as tourist destination. Traditional temples which have valuable cultural resources are important cultural heritages. It was found that most traditional temples which were used as famous tourist destinations lost their intrinsic religious values because of the intensive tourist uses. Sustainable tourism was introduced as an alternative tourism to the conventional one which could cause the destruction of the intrinsic values. Sustainable tourism represents and encompasses a set of principles balancing between visitor satisfaction, economic revitalization of the area, and the conservation of the heritage resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility for the sustainable tourism of cultural heritage (traditional temple) by investigating visitors' satisfaction, revisit intention, and awareness on conservation. In order to perform this purpose, Sin-heung-sa was selected as a study site and 339 visitors participated in the questionnaire survey. The study results are summarized into three important findings. First, it was found that the possibility for the sustainable tourism of Sin-heung-sa was high. Vistors' awareness on conservation is high, but visiting satisfaction was medium-high. Specifically, the awareness for heritage transmission was the highest and the awareness for other conservational dimensions such as need for education, conservation for surrounding area, and respect for environmental capacity were also high. Second, visitors' overall and separate satisfactions were not high. Therefore, it was recommended that management strategies are needed to increase the visitor satisfaction because both conservation and visitor satisfaction are essential elements of successful sustainable tourism. The results revealed that visitors' satisfaction could be enhanced by improving safety of the area, providing diverse travel activities and information, and creating unique atmosphere. Third, the revisit intention was evaluated higher than the overall satisfaction, which showed that the attractiveness and competitiveness of Sin-heung-sa was relatively high. Important determinant attributes for revisit intention were analyzed to be good nature(landscape, valley, the fauna and flora) and network with surrounding tourist destinations.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.553-564
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• 2013

The core ingredient of traditional Korean style soy sauce is soy bean without any wheat or rice incorporated. National brands as well as regional micro-brewed companies constitute the soy sauce market in Korea. The present study investigated the physico-chemical and sensory properties of soy sauces produced by small-scale or mass-production. Additionally, the key physico-chemical parameters sufficiently representing the critical sensory characteristics have been identified. Ten types of soy sauce brewed by the Korean traditional method were selected for the study. Among these samples, seven types were brewed in small-scales in the Gyeonggi-do region whereas the other 3 types were mass-production products of major national brands. The total solid, reducing sugar, salinity, sugar content, amino nitrogen, CIELAB, acidity, and pH of soy sauce samples were measured for the physico-chemical analysis. A generic descriptive analysis was conducted to analyze the sensory characteristics of the samples using six trained panelists. The descriptive panel developed 21 sensory attributes. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, PCA and PLSR. Overall, the micro-brewed products showed significantly higher value of salinity and acidity but lower content of reducing sugar than the mass-production products. The micro-brewed soy sauces elicited stronger fermented flavor, sourness, and bitterness whereas the national brand products elicited stronger alcoholic odor, sweetness and umami taste. Sugar content, acidity, and amino nitrogen showed strong relationships with fish sauce flavor, umami taste, and rich flavor. Salinity was closely related to the overall flavor intensity.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2012

$Kochujang$ is a fermented paste originated from in and $Kochujang$ sauce is a nutritionally and functionally improved version of $Kochujang$ with additions of beef and tonic herbal extracts. The optimization of the ingredient ratios in the manufacturing of $Kochujang$ sauce was investigated using central composite design and response surface methodology. The amount of beef ($X_1$) and the amount of tonic herbal extract ($X_2$) were chosen as the independent variables. The dependent variables consisted of the properties and sensory evaluation scores The examined physicochemical properties included water activity, pH, color, viscosity, and soluble solids. The sensory evaluation attributes were color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability. Among them, the selected dependent variables were the sauce viscosity ($Y_1$) and the overall acceptability ($Y_2$) of the sauce. The optimal conditions for the independent variables were $X_1$= 9.7% and $X_2$= 14.1%. In addition, the predicted values of the multiple response optimal conditions were $Y_1$= 331000 (cP) and $Y_2$= 7.1 (points), and the actual experimental values were $Y_1$= 3316667 (cP) and $Y_2$= 7 (points).

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the prediction of sensory characteristics of smoke from the leaf chemical compounds and characterize leaf chemical components for the best tobacco taste's leaves in oriental tobacco. For analytical and sensory evaluations, seventy two grades were used. Sensory evaluation of tobacco smoke for six attributes were scored on fifteen-point scale by $10{\sim}14$ expert panels trained to estimate smoking quality quantitatively. The major leaf chemical compounds to predict the sensory characteristics of smoke were ether extract for tobacco-like, nicotine for impact and total nitrogen/nicotine ratio for irritation, and total sugar for off taste & odor. Within ${\pm}20%$ range of difference, the predictable probabilities of sensory characteristics of smoke from the leaf chemical compounds were 87.5 % for off taste & odor and $94.4{\sim}98.6\;%$ for tobacco-like, impact and irritation. As a result of K-means cluster analysis on the basis of tobacco taste, the desirable leaf chemical compound contents were $5.9{\sim}8.3\;%$ in ether extract, $1.35{\sim}2.27\;%$ in nicotine and $1.17{\sim}2.24$ in total nitrogen/nicotine ratio. This study suggest that the some regression equations may be useful to predict the sensory characteristics of tobacco smoke with a few selected leaf chemical compounds in oriental tobacco and to select the oriental tobacco leaves by means of enhancing the tobacco taste of cigarette.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.211-225
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were 1) to estimate the brand loyalty related to clothing items,2) to investigate the differences between the brand loyal group and the brand disloyal group in 4 determinant variables (product involvement, information source, purchase-related and demo- graphic variables) of brand loyalty, 3) to find out important determinant variables which explain the brand loyalty on clothing items, and 4) to identify product attributes that lead to brand loyalty on clothing items. Four clothing items selected (ortho study were underwear, jean / skirt, T-shirt / sweater, and formal dress / suits. The questionnaire was administered to 529 adult women living in Seoul, and the methods used to analyze the data were Frequency, T-Test, $x^{2}-test$, Factor Analysis and Multiple Discriminant Analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Both behavior and attitude are needed for the measurement of brand loyalty in clothing. The hightes brand loyal item was formal dress / suits, followed by jean / skirt, T-shirt / sweater, underwear. 2) There were some significant differences between the brand loyal group and the brand disloyal group in 4 determinant variables of brand loyalty. 3) The important determinant variables of brand loyalty were perceived risk / brand differ-ence, purchase experience / self-confidence in purchase, and product symbolic / hedonic mean-ing, of which the most important varible was found to be perceived risk / brand difference. 4) The most important product attribute that lead to brand loyalty for underwear was comfort whereas for the other 3 clothing items, it was style. Quality was the second important productattributeforallclothingitems.