• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.287-294
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• 2006

Germination and early elongation of rice after germination were investigated in anoxic air treatment, nitric oxide gas treatment, and six concentrations of mercuric chloride solutions to determine the effects of limited oxygen environment, nitric oxide, and inhibited water flux through cell membrane in $17^{\circ}C$. Anoxic air treatment affected germination of tested six varieties very little. However root elongation rates were severely inhibited while shoot growth was affected less. Reductions in shoot and root elongations demonstrated genotypic variations. Nitric oxide delayed the germination of rice even though it didn't affect the final percent germination. Elongations of root and shoot were inhibited in nitric oxide treatment. The inhibitor effect of nitric oxide on the shoot elongation of rice was less severe, while nitric oxide completely inhibited the root emergence of rice. Concentrations of $HgCl_2$ greater than $300{\mu}M$ dramatically reduced the rate and percentage of germination when compared to distilled water treatment. The reduced percent germination showed the greatest variation among rice varieties in $500{\mu}M$ solution of mercuric chloride. Ansanbyeo, Jinheung, and Odaebyeo were affected less by $HgCl_2$, Nonganbyeo and Sangmibyeo were intermediate, and the germination of Andabyeo was greatly reduced by $HgCl_2$. Root elongation of germinated rice seedlings was more sensitive to oxygen deficits, nitric oxide, and $HgCl_2$ treatments than germination and shoot elongation. In conclusion, poor seedling establishment of rice sown in flooded paddy soils, in which the oxygen supply to the seeds is restricted, appears to the result of limited root elongation rate.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.130-132
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• 2006

본 실험은 한국잔디의 실생묘 이식재배 시 개간지에서 적정 재식거리를 구명하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 잔디 실생묘 이식재배시 적정거리를 구명하기 위해 생육특성인 초장, 근장, 분지수, 마디수 및 포복경 길이와 수량구성 요소인 생체중 및 근물중을 조사하였다. 재식거리($30{\times}30cm$)에서, 초장, 근장, 분지수, 마디수 및 포복경 길이가 각각 14.1cm, 22.0cm, 7.0개, 31개 및 77.5cm로, 그리고 생체중 및 건물중이 각각 16.1 and 11.0g/plant로 다른 재식거리와 비교하여 가장 높게 관측되었다. 그러므로 잔디 생육특성과 수량구성 요소를 고려하여, 잔디의 실생묘 이식재배 시 개간지에서 적정 재식거리는 $30{\times}30cm$인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 1984

1. 영남작물시험장, 호남작물시험장 및 충남농촌진흥원에서 분양받은 18개의 벼종자시료와 충남지역 일반농가에서 수확한 8개의 벼종자시료 등 모두 26개의 종자시료를 공시하여 표준습지법으로 조사하였던 바 21종의 균류가 검출되었으며, 벼 갈샐잎마름병균(Gerlachia oryzae)은 22개의 벼 종자시료에서 $1.0\~45.0\%$의 범위로 검출되었다. 2. 종자전염성 G. oryzae의 효과적인 검출방법을 찾기 위하여 표준습지법, 냉동습지법, 물한천법 등으로 비교 조사한 결과, 냉동습지법에서 검출율이 가장 높았다. 3. 벼종자의 각 부위를 무균적으로 분리하여 부위별로 G. oryzae의 감염여부를 표준습지법으로 조사한 결과, 벼 종자의 껍질에서 가장 많이 검출되었으며, 심하게 이병된 종자는 배유 및 종피 뿐 만 아니라 배에 까지 감염되어 있었다. 4. G. oryzae에 감염된 벼 종자를 파종하여 심하게 이병된 종자는 종자부패 및 묘입고를 일으켰으며, 약하게 이병된 종자는 초엽, 1엽, 2엽에 갈색의 병징감염을 초래하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.368-371
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• 2014

염 스트레스를 비롯한 다양한 비생물학적 스트레스는 식물의 생장저해와 작물 생산량을 감소시키는 요인으로 작용한다. 계화도 간척지 토양에서 식물생장 촉진 세균을 분리하여 Pseudomonas sp. G19로 명명하였다. G19 균주는 36시간 배양 후 $7.5{\mu}g/ml$의 indole acetic acid를 생산하고 불용성인산을 25% 가용화시켰으며, 식물의 에틸렌 감소와 관련된 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase를 발현하였다. 또한 150 mM NaCl에 침지된 염 조건의 토양에서 재배된 유묘기 배추를 이용한 실증실험에서 G19 균주는 배추의 생체중량을 증가시킴으로써 염 스트레스의 경감 및 생장 촉진에 관여함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.83-87
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• 1965

본시험은 수도 Pot 사경재배로 심경다비조건에서 수도의 형태변화를 일부 시기별로 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 모든시기에 있어서 엽위별마다 엽신장ㆍ엽신폭ㆍ엽신면적이 심경다비일수록 크게 나타냈다. (2) 출수후의 고엽정도는 심경다비일수록 적었다. (3) 예취기에 있어서 하부로부터의 제1신장절간직경(장경), 제2신장절간장은 심경다비일수록 크고 길다. 그리고 유관속수와 유관속면적도 심경다비일수록 많고 컸다. (4) 예취기에 있어서 지하부의 근수ㆍ평균근장ㆍ근중은 심경다비일수록 크게 나타냈다. 그리고 1근 mg당 근장은 심경다비일수록 기나 근장 1cm당근중은 심경다비일수록 오히려 가볍다.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 1994년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES Korean Society of Plant Pathology
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• pp.27-49
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• 1994

Root colonization of biocontrol agents via seed treatment was investigated and a compatible combination, Gliocladium virens G872B and Pseudomonas putida Pf3, in colonizing cucumber rhizosphere was confirmed through the study. Much higher number of fungal and bacterial propagules were detected when two isolates were inoculated together. The presence of Pf3 in root system was greatly helpful to G872B to colonize at root tip. The mechanism of this phenomenon is partially elucidated through the results of in vitro experiments and the observations of scanning electron and fluorescence microscope. Addition of Pf3 cells resulted earlier germination of G872B conidia and increased mycelial growth. And the more number of germinated conidia on seed coat, the more vigorous hypal streching and sporulation on the root surface were observed in coinoculated treatment. The propagules of G872B on the cucumber root when they were challenged against the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, were even higher than that of G872B treated alone, and the magnitude of such a difference was getting grater toward the root ip and the population of F. oxysporum on the root was reduced by seed inoculation of G872B. The rhizosphere competence was obviously reflected to disease suppression and plant growth promotion that induced by the given isolate. Green house experiments revealed that the combined treatment provided long-term disease suppression with greater rate and the larger amount of fruit yield than single treatments. Through this study the low temperature growing Pseudomonas fluorescens M45 and MC07 were evaluated to apply them to the winter crops in field or plastic film house. In vitro tests reveal that M45 and MC07 inhibited the mycelial growth of Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctona solani and Phytophthora capsici and enhanced growth of cucumber cotyledon in MS agar. This effect was more pronounced when the bacteria were incubated at 14$^{\circ}C$ than at 27$^{\circ}C$. And disease suppression and plant growth promotion in green house were also superior at low temperature condition. Seed treatment of M45 or soil treatment of MC07 brought successful control of damping-off and enhanced seedling growth of cucumber. The combined treatment of two isolates was more effective than any single treatment.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 1968

식물생육(植物生育) 특(特)히 임목(林木) 생육(生育)함에 있어서 필수(必須) 양료외(養料外)에 여러 가지의 미량요소(微量要素)가 있는데 기중(其中) Na 함량(含量)이 내산성(耐酸性)에 대(對)하여 어떠한 효용(效用) 및 영향(影響)이 있는가를 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 실험(實驗)하였다. 대체적(大體的)으로 가흡태(可吸態) Ca 분(分)이 적다고 인정(認定)되는 산성역(酸性域)에서 중성역간(中性域間)에 그 함량(含量)이 많았고 수종간(樹種間)에 함량(含量)의 차이(差異)가 컸는데 이것은 Hammer & Benne의 결과(結果)와도 같이 각(各) 수종(樹種)의 특성(特性)이라 본다. 또한 이의 함량(含量)은 수종(樹種)을 통(通)하여 시찰(視察)할 때 내산도(耐酸度)가 높은 수종(樹種)일수록 산성역(酸性域)에서 Sodium 함량(含量)이 많았고 Alkali 역(域)에서 Ca함량(含量)과 상관(相觀)을 가지며 산성역(酸性域)에서 부상관(負相關)을 나타내는 것으로 보아 토양산도(土壤酸度)에 대(對)한 적응성(適應性)에 유관(有關)한 인자(因子)로 인정(認定)된다. 특(特)히 Na는 K의 생리적(生理的) 작용(作用)을 일부(一部) 보충(補充)한다는 미확인설(未確認設)에 비추어서 앞으로 임목내(林木內)의 K함량(含量)을 추적(追跡)하여 본(本) 실험(實驗)을 보충(補充)하겠다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.6-24
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• 2019

We have investigated the impact of anthropogenic and natural disturbances on regeneration, composition and diversity in some temperate forests of Bhagirathi Catchment Area of Garhwal Himalaya. The forests were categorized on the basis of canopy cover and magnitude of disturbance into highly, moderately and least disturbed classes. The dominant tree species at lower elevation were Pinus roxburghii and Quercus leucotrichophora, while Abies pindrow, Q. semecarpifolia and Rhododenron arboreum were the dominant species at the upper elevational forests. Cythula tomentosa and Indegophera heterentha were the dominant shrub species present in all the forests. Similarly, Circium wallichii and Oxalis corniculata were the dominant herb species found in all forests (except Q. leucotrichophora forest), whereas Thalictrum foliolosum and Viola pilosa were noticed in each forest (except P. roxburghii forest). The tree density values oscillated between $400{\pm}10\;trees\;ha^{-1}$ to $750{\pm}89.1\;trees\;ha^{-1}$ which generally decreased from lower to higher disturbance regimes however, the total basal cover value was highest ($88.1{\pm}23.6m^2\;ha^{-1}$) in highly disturbed forest and lowest ($25.8{\pm}2.2m^2\;ha^{-1}$) in moderately disturbed forest. The shrub and herb densities were maximum in least disturbed forest, while the young regenerating individuals i.e., sapling and seedling were observed increasing from high to low disturbed forests which reflected that the forest fragmentation adversely affected the regeneration. However, A. pindrow and P. roxburghii were found invariably encroaching the habitats of R. arboreum and Q. leucotrichophora at various altitudes, respectively. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis clearly indicated that the elevation and lopping intensity have more impact on trees, while shrub and herbs were more influenced by elevation, canopy cover, light attenuation and soil erosion. Pinus roxburghii was the only species which was affected by heavy litter removal and forest fire.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.247-250
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• 2019

Wheat is one of the most important grains. Its consumption is increasing globally. Many countries are making efforts to increase the extent of wheat harvest. It is known that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have beneficial effects on various plants. Two PGPRs including Paenibacillus pabuli strain P7S (PP7S) and Pseudomonas nitroreducens strain IHB (PnIHB) were employed to investigate effects of PGPRs on early growth of three wheat cultivars (Koso, Seakumkang, and Jokyung). While PP7S had adverse effects on Seakumkang and Jokyung, PP7S had positive effects on Koso except root length compared to control group having no treatment of PP7S. However, all treatments with PnIHB had adverse effects on germination rate, root/shoot lengths, vigor index, and dry root/shoot weights of all three wheat cultivars. These positive effects with PP7S on Koso might be related to the earlier emergence of wheat seed above soil which is known to be an indicator of increased yield. Results of the present study suggest that if proper PGPR strains are selected, they could have positive effects on early growth rate of a wheat cultivar.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2021

Zygotic embryo culture was performed to propagate evergreen oak, Quercus myrsinifolia, which has recalcitrant seeds and is difficult to propagate by cuttings. Zygotic embryos appeared in WPM medium after 14 days, and after 56 days, they developed into complete plants with cotyledons and roots. The medium suitable for zygotic embryo culture was 1/4 WPM medium, showing a shoot growth of 2.43 cm and root growth of 8.7 cm after 8 weeks of culture. As a result of investigating the effect of GA₃ on the growth of plants germinated from zygotic embryos through GA₃ treatment, the best growth was shown in 0.5 mg/l GA₃ treatment. The in vitro rooting and growth of IBA-treated zygotic embryo-derived plants were good in the 0.5 mg/l IBA treatment and rooting and shoot growth were not observed at higher concentrations. And the callus induction rate also increased as the concentration of IBA increased. Plants grown in vitro were transferred to a plastic pot containing artificial soil and acclimatized in a greenhouse for about 4 weeks, resulting in more than 90% survival. As a result of this study, the zygotic embryo culture method was confirmed to be effective for mass propagation of Q. myrsinifolia. The results of this study are expected to contribute significantly to the mass propagation of elite Q. myrsinifolia.