• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 1994

The weed survey in lowland rice field in 1992 was conducted to identify weed population change as affected by different elevation, soil type and cultivation pattern at Gangweon province. There were more perennial weeds in plain and east coastal area while more annual weeds in mid alpine and alpine area. Meanwhile, perennial weed species was more dominant at ordinary and sandy soil but annual weed species was more dominant at poorly drained soil. In general, hand and machine(30 day old seedling) transplanting would result in higher dominant weed species of perennial while there was more annual weed species in machine (10 day old seedling) transplanting and dry seeding, respectively. Also, annual weed species was more predominant at spring plowing time compared to autumn plowing time. Particularly, there was change in dominant weed species with time. In 1971 annual weed species was more predominant but perennial weed species was highly dominant in 1981 and 1992.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2017

This experiment was conducted to establish a cultivation system for sorghum in reclaimed soils. Pot experiments were used to test the effects on seedling establishment of sowing depth, soil water content, and soil salinity using seeds of Nampungchal-susu and Hwanggeumchal-susu in reclaimed soil. Field experiments were also conducted to examine differences in growth characteristics and yield production, by sowing time, and planting distance. The result of the pot experiment, examining seedling establishment at various sowing depths revealed that, it was the highest 76.7% when the seeds were sown at a depth of 3 cm. Seedling establishment did not differ with soil water content between 10~30 kpa and at 51~70 kpa. No effects of seed moisture absorption before sowing were observed. Seedling establishment showed no differences with soil salinity below $3.2\;dS\;m^{-1}$, but decreased with Salinity above $4.8\;dS\;m^{-1}$. In field experiments to assess the effects on seedling establishment ratio of sowing time, Nampungchal-susu was revealed to have a high seedling establishment ratio following sowing on June 15. Hwanggeumchal-susu did not exhibits effects of sowing time, on seedling establishment ratio but exhibited higher seedling establishment when in low soil salinity conditions than when sown in high soil salinity conditions. With respect to yield, the yield of the seeds sown on June 15 was higher by 13% for Nampungchal-susu and by 29% for the Hwanggeumchal-susu than that those sown on June 25. With respect to soil salinity, the yield at a soil salinity of $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$ was lower by 23% than that at $1.6dS\;m^{-1}$ or lower for Nampungchal-susu, and was lower by 30% Hwanggeumchal-susu. With respect to planting density, both breeds showed the highest yield at $60{\times}10cm$. These results suggest that a sowing time of June 15 and a seeding distance of $60{\times}10cm$ are appropriate for sorghum in reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2014

This text was experimented and investigated the optimum production time and germination characteristic of Fabaceae plant seed that collect in Korean Chungnam. Optimum time of seed production was early-mid October of Chamaecrista nomame, early November of Lespedeza cuneata and early-mid November of Lespedeza bicolor. Epiphytic amount of seed full ripe was the most times in early October of Chamaecrista nomame, early November of Lespedeza cuneata and Lespedeza bicolor, respectively. Seed rate of maturity was the highest times in early November of Chamaecrista nomame, mid November of Lespedeza cuneata and Lespedeza bicolor, respectively. Germination rate by seed collection time was the highest times in early October of Chamaecrista nomame (99.8%), mid November of Lespedeza cuneata (68.3%) and early November of Lespedeza bicolor (24.3%). Germination days by seed production time was the shortest times in mid October of Chamaecrista nomame, mid November of Lespedeza cuneata and Lespedeza bicolor, respectively. Optimum temperature of germination was $15{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ in Chamaecrista nomame, $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ in Lespedeza cuneata, and Lespedeza bicolor was difficult judgment of germination optimum temperature because of low germinating rate.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic factors and the significance of metastatectomy for Krukenberg's tumors of gastric origin.Materials and Methods: Among the patient who underwent gastric surgery from 1992 through 2005, 90 female patients with Krukenberg's tumors of gastric origin were identified. We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatments for primary gastric cancer. We also investigated the prognostic risk factors for the onset of metachronous Krukenberg's tumors and the survival time of patients who underwent an operation for metachronous Krukenberg's tumors. Results: The presence of a synchronous Krukenberg's tumor (mean survival time=17.6 months, P<0.01), peritoneal seeding (14.5 months, P<0.01), and non-curative resection (15.1 months, P<0.01), were statistically significant prognostic factors for survival time in female patients with gastric cancer. The stage of primary gastric cancer (P=0.049) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.011) were statistically significant risk factors for recurrence time of a metachronous Krukenberg's tumor. In the metachronous Krukenberg's tumor group (n=53), the mean survival time of the metastatectomy group (n=46, 43.2 months, P=0.012) was longer than that in the chemotherapy or conservative treatment groups (n=7 and 24 months, respectively). Metastatectomy, presense or abscence of residual tumor and extent of residual tumor were significant prognostic factors for survival time in female patients with metachronous Krukenberg's tumor of gastric origin. Conclusions: A close observation and evaluation with ultrasound or computed tomography is necessary in female patients with advanced gastric cancer to detect a metachronous Krukenberg's tumor as soon as possible. The surgeon must operate more aggressively in patients with metachronous Krukenberg's tumors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2022

In recent years, due to climate change, the livestock industry has become more interested in the production of forage crops. In Korea, more than 74% of forage crops are cultivated in winter rice fields. In particular, Italian ryegrass (IRG) is depends on imports for more than 70% of its seeds. In generally, the IRG rapeseed cultivation method involves sowing from early October to mid-October by drill sowing seeding or spot seedling. However, the sowing period is delayed due to frequent rainfall during. And, same period require a lot of seeds. However, raising seedlings and transplanted IRG will overcome weather conditions and reduce the amount of seeds. This study was intended to be applied to the domestic IRG seed industry in the future through growth and quantity evaluation according to transplant time and planting density for the production of good quality IRG seeds in rice paddy fields. In this study, transplanting time (October 20, October 30, November 10) and planting density (50, 70, and 80) were cultivated at the National Institute of Crop Science in 2021. The amount of fertilizer applied was adjusted to (N-P₂O₅-K₂O) 4.5-12-12 (kg/10a), and then 2.2(kg/10a) of nitrogen was added each year. For the growth survey, leaf area, canopy coverage, plant length, and seed yield were investigated. Along with the transplanting time, the plant length was higher on October 20 than on October 30 and November 10. On the other hand, leaf area index changes differed depending on the transplanting time and planting density, and were particularly high on October 20, 80 density and 70 density, but similar on October 30 and November 10. 1000 seed weight showed no difference with transplanting time and planting density. On the other hand, the seed yield was 215(kg/10a) for 80 density on October 20, 211(kg/10a) for 70 density, 118(kg/10a) for 50 density, and 80 density for October 30 and November 10. and 70 density did not differ. On the other hand, the 50 density on October 30 and November 10 were 164(kg/10a) and 147(kg/10a) respectively. As can be seen from this study, the earlier the transplant, the higher the seed yield. However, the 50 density was reduced in yield compared to the 70 density and 80 density.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 1992

Cotton has been an important fiber crop in Korea for a long time. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of planting and transplanting dates, transplanting density and fertilizer application rate on seed cotton and lint yields, and gross income for barley-cotton double cropping in southern part of Korea. Transplanting culture of upland cotton cultivar Mokpo 4 on June 10 to 20 produced 80 to 83% more in seed cotton yield and 79 to 82% more in lint yield compared with the yields of direct planted on June 10 just after harvesting naked-barley. Mokpo 4 was better than Suwon 17 and Paymaster for the transplanting culture after barley harvest in double cropping. Optimum fertilizer application rate was N 80-P$_2$O$_{5}$ 78-K$_2$O 106 kg /ha, and optimum transplanting density was 70$\times$20cm for the transplanting culture of upland cotton after barley in double cropping system. The highest total yields 5.03 to 5.09t /ha in barley-cotton double croppings were harvested in barley drill-seeding and cotton transplanting culture on June 10 to 20 compared with seed cotton yield 1.51t /ha of the cotton monoculture planted on May 1. Their gross income also was 40% more than that of the cotton monoculture, and 30% more than the cotton direct seeding just after barley harvest on June 10. Cotton intercropping between barley rows provided 2-11% more in gross income compared with cotton direct seeding after barley harvest on June 10. Of the cotton intercroppings between barley rows, cotton intercropping of one row between the barley rows of 60cm width provided 5 to 9% more in gross income than the other cotton intercroppings between barley rows.s.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate classfication of weedy rice (Oryza sativa) based on isozymes esterase and peroxidase, growth and developmental difference of weedy rices and rices grown under dry and water condition, and weedy rice control and tolerant difference of weedy rices in various herbicides using weedy rices collected from thirteen strains of Chonnam, one Chonbuk, two Kyeongki and two rice cultivars. 1. The collected weedy rices were classified into three groups based on isozyme esterase and peroxidase using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) method. The classified groups were not same each other. 2. Plant height was taller in collected weedy rices than rice cultivars at 18 days after seeding under dry and water conditions, but number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight and root length were not significantly different between collected weedy rices and rice cultivars. In addition, growths of collected weedy rices were greater in dry- than water-condition. 3. After thiobencarb(S-4-chlorobenzyl diethythiocarbamate), molinate(S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) and oxadiazon(5-tert-butyl-3(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one) were applied at 6 days before seeding, the weedy rices controlled 100% by thiobencarb at 2.1kg ai/ha and 024kg ai/ha oxadiazon treatment but controlled 26% to 67% by molinate at 6.5kg ai/ha. Rice due to the herbicides was injured severely(25% to 100%) in flood condition at time of rice seeding after oxadiazon at 0.48kg ai/ha and 2.1kg ai/ha thiobencarb application, except for molinate which injured rice slightly(4% to 13%) in drain condition. The collected weedy rices to all experimented herbicides showed slight intraspecific variations. The intraspecific variations of weedy rices decreased in the order of thiobencarb>molinate>oxadiazon.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.297-306
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• 2004

Current artificial heart valves have several disadvantages, such as thromboembolism, limited durability, infection, and inability to grow. The solution to these problems would be to develop a tissue-engineered heart valves containing autologous cells. The aim of this study was to optimize the protocol to obtain a porcine acellular matrix and seed goat autologous endothelial cells on it, and to evaluate the biological responses of xenograft and xeno-autograft heart valves in goats. Material and Method: Fresh porcine pulmonic valves were treated with one method among 3 representative decellularization protocols (Triton-X, freeze-thawing, and NaCl-SDS). Goat venous endothelial cells were isolated and seeded onto the acellularized xenograft leaflets. Microscopic examinations were done to select the most effective method of decellularizing xenogeneic cells and seeding autologous endothelial cells. Two pulmonic valve leaflets of. 6 goats were replaced by acellularized porcine leaflets with or without seeding autologous endothelial cells while on cardiopulmonary bypass. Goats were sacrificed electively at 6 hours, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6. months after operation. Morphologic examinations were done to see the biological responses of replaced valve leaflets. Result: The microscopic examinations showed that porcine cells were almost completely removed in the leaflets treated with NaCl-SDS. The seeded endothelial cells were more evenly preserved in NaCl-SDS treatment. All 6 goats survived the operation without complications. The xeno- autografts and xenografts showed the appearance, the remodeling process, and the cellular functions of myofibroblasts, 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after operation, respectively. They were compatible with the native pulmonary leaflet (control group) except for the increased cellularity at 6 months. The xenografts revealed the new endothelial cell lining at that time. Conclusion: Treatment with NaCl-SDS was most effective in obtaining decellularized xenografts and facilitate seeding autologous endothelial cells. The xenografts and xeno-autografts were repopulated with myofibroblasts and endothelial cells in situ serially. Both of grafts served as a matrix for a tissue engineered heart valve and developed into autologous tissue for 6 months.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.460-472
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• 1995

This study was aimed to provide understanding on the eco-physiological response of barley tillers as affected by difference in seeding date. Yield and yield contribution rates of tillers were investigated with the data of field experiments in the former Wheat and Barley Research Institute of Suwon, Korea from September 1982 to July 1984. When barley was sowed 15 days earlier than or at the locally recommended sowing date (i.e. October 5), it produced more mainstem leaves than the that sowed 15 days later than the local recommendation. The effective tillers (i.e. ear-bearing tillers) were observed in concurrently occurring leaves up to 10/0 (abbreviation of the 10th mainstem leaf) from early and optimum sowed crops, while 9/0 from late sowed crops. Tillering followed the production rule of Gatayama(l952) which has the linear leaf appearance pattern. Early sowing produced more effective tillers, but the highest production of effective ears (i.e. ears heavier than 0.505g) was noticed in sowing at the recommended date. The tillers in the axil of first leaf in mainstem (abbreviated as 1) produced more effective ears than other mainstem tillers (i.e. primary tillers such as C, 2, 3 and 4). The tillers from the axil of first leaf, whether they were primary or secondary, always performed better in the production of effective tillers, grains per ear, grain weight, and grain yield per ear than those from the axil of coleoptile or prophyll. Other tillers from subsequent leaves were also inferior in production with the order of their appearance, thus making first leaf tillers as the best performer(e.g. 1 against C, 2, 3, 4 of primary tillers, 11 and 21 against 1P, 12, 13, 2P, 22 of secondary tillers). Even though the first leaf tiller from the first mainstem leaf(i.e. 11) emerged at a same time with the fourth mainstem leaf tiller(i.e. 4), it was always a better producer of ears and grains. The above observations of hierarchy among tillers were persistent irrespective of cropping conditions and treatments. Sowing at the recommended date produced more effective tillers and grains per ear than early or late sowing. In early and late sowings, more grains per effective ear were observed by early sowing, whereas more grains per ear were produced by late sowing. The order of performance in production of effective tillers and ears per plant was as follows: optimum > early > late sowings. In optimum sowing the mainstems were the highest in grain weight per ear, while the first leaf tillers were the ones in early sowing probably due to winter damage on mainstem ears. Yield contribution by the tillers was greater with the following order irrespective of sowing dates: mainstem, 1, 2, 3, C, 11, 12 and Cl. The contribution of CP, 2P, 21 and 31 varied with sowings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

The object of this experiment was to investigate the effect of mixture which consist of different seeding rates and species on dry matter yield and quality in Daejon area. The field trials were conducted from 2003 to 2005 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of different mixture. The experimental design includes three mixture types: Conventional mixtures, CM{orchardgrass(Potomac) 50% + tall fescue (Fawn)20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 20% + white clover(Regal) 10%}, red clover + mixtures, RM{orchardgrass(Potomac) 40% + tall fescue(Fawn) 20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 10% + red clover(Kenland) 30%) and Turf type grass + mixtures, TM {orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + turf type grass (tall fescue, Millennium 20% + Kentucky bluegrass, Midnight 10% + perennial ryegrass, Palmer III 10%) + white clover(Regal) 10%}. The average DM yield for 2 years of red clover+mixture(11,656kg/ha) was higher than those of the other mixtures(p<0.05). The content of crude protein and dry manu digestibility were higher in red clover+mixture than in other mixtures(p<0.05). but, the content of fibrous compounds like as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lower in red clover+mixture than in other mixtures(p<0.05). The crude protein dry matter(CPDM) yield was higher in red clover + mixture(2,832kg/ha) than in conventional mixture(2,372kg/ha) and turf type + mixture(2,266kg/ha)(p<0.05). The digestible dry matter (DDM) yield was higher in red clover + mixture(8,881 kg/ha) than in conventional mixture(8,255kg/ha) and turf type + mixture(7,314kg/ha)(p<0.05). In botanical composition at last cutting time in 2005, conventional mixture were maintained orchardgrass 45%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 5% and white clover 24%. Red clover + mixture were maintained orchardgrass 40%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 4% and red clover 31%. turf type + mixture were orchardgrass 37%, tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8% and white clover 24%, respectively. As summary, DM yields and quality of mixture species and seeding rates were observed significant difference. The results of this experiment indicated that red clover + mixture was more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality in Daejon area.