• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the yield, free radical scavengering effect and total phenol contents of various solvent fractions on the crude and defatted grape seed extract during storage. The optimal condition for the extraction yield, free radical scavengering effect and total phenol contents was $90\%$ ethanol for 6 hour at $70^{\circ}C$. The extraction yield for crude and defatted grape seed at optimal condition was $8.9\%\;and\;9.16\%$, respectively. Also, the strongest free radical scavengering effect with $41.52\;{\mu}g/mL$ was observed in $95\%$ ethanol of defatted grape seed extracted for 6 hour at $70^{\circ}C$. Similar result was observed in total phenol contents of defatted grape seed. The ethyl acetate fraction obtained from ethanol extract of defatted grape seed showed the strongest RC50($12.35\;{\mu}g/mL$) compared to other organic fractions. Free radical scavengering effect of crude and defatted grape seed extracts treated with alkali condition(pH 10) was reduced compared to that of acidic condition(pH 2) during storage far 1 month at $50^{\circ}C$. Overall, more stronger free radical scavengering effect and higher total phenol contents in defatted grape seed extracts was observed than that of crude grape seed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.323-332
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• 1997

Drainage is needed to run off excessive water stress during the rainy season for soybean cultivation in the converted upland from paddy field. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of planting dates and drainage methods on growth and yield of sprout soybeans in the converted upland from paddy field. The stem and root growth at flowering stage showed no difference by drainage method but plant height, number of nodes and branches, and fresh weight of stem and root were much greater as planting date delayed. Seed yield was correlated positively with fresh weight of stem and root, and T/R ratio at the flowering stage, respectively. Lodging degree was not different by drainage method but was higher in planting at June 16 than May 15. Number of pods and 100 seed weight were not different by drainage method and 100 seed weight was heavy in Eunhakong, light in Kwangankong as planting date delayed. Higher seed yield was observed in surface drainage than open ditched drainage. Yield performance of Eunhakong was good in late planting, while that of Kwangankong was in early planting.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.454-462
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• 2018

Yield and grade are the key factors that affect production value of peanut. The objective of this study was to identify QTLs for pod yield, hundred-seed weight, and total sound mature kernel (TSMK). A total of 90 recombinant inbred lines, derived from Tamrun OL07 and a breeding line Tx964117, were used as a mapping population and planted in Brownfield and Stephenville, Texas. A genetic map was developed using 1,211 SNP markers based on double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). A total of 10 QTLs were identified above the permutation threshold, three for yield, three for hundred-seed weight and four for TSMK, with LOD score values of 3.7 - 6.9 and phenotypic variance explained of 12.2% - 35.9%. Among those, there were several QTLs that were detected in more than one field experiment. The commonly detected QTLs in this study may be used as potential targets for future breeding program to incorporate yield and grade related traits through molecular breeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.469-472
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• 1983

Seasonal variations influence the growth duration and yield of soybeans in the tropics and subtropics. Results of different yield trials were used to determine the relationship between yield with days to R$_1$ and R$_{8}$ in different seasons. Similarly relationship for 100 seed weight was examined. Multiple regression equations suggest that increase in yield can be obtained by increasing the days to R$_{8}$ regardless of seasons. However, increasing the days to R$_1$ invariably reduced the yield. The longer the time from R$_1$ to R$_{8}$, the higher the 100 seed weight. Since the population examined was heterogeneous for photoperiod sensitivity, the need to examine photoperiod sensitive and insensitive selections separately is discussed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between yearly variation of climatic components and yearly variations of productivity in monoculture cotton. In addition, correlation coefficients among yield and yield components were estimated. The data of yield and yield components from the four varieties(Kinggus, Yongdang local. 113-4, 380) were collected from 1978 to 1992 in Mokpo area. The meteorological data gathered at the Mokpo Weather Station for the same period were used to find out the relationships between climatic components and productivity. Yearly variation of the amount of precipitation and number of stormy days in July are large with coefficients of the variations(C.V)84.89 and 97.05%, respectively, while yearly variation, of the average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature from May to Sep. are relatively small. Seed cotton yield before frost in Sep. and Oct. very greatly with C.V. of 68.77, 78.52%, respectively. Number of boll bearing branches and lint percentage show more or less small in C.V. with 11.77 and 19.13%, respectively and flowering date and boll opening date show still less variation. Correlation coefficients between precipitation in May and number of boll bearing branches, duration of sunshine in July and number of bolls per plant, maximum temperature in July and total seed cotton before the frost in Sep., Oct., and Nov. evaporation in Aug. are positively sig-nificant at the 1% level. There are highly significantly positive correlated relationships among yield(total seed cotton) and yield components. Total seed cotton yield(Y) can be predicted by multiple regression equation with independent variables of climatic factors in July such as monthly averages of average temperature($X_1$), maximum temperature($X_2$) and minimum temperature($X_3$), monthly amount of precipitation ($X_4$), evaporation($X_5$), monthly average of relative humidity($X_6$), monthly hours with sunshine($X_7$) and number of rainy days($X_8$). The equation is estimatedas Y =-1080.8515 + 144.7133$X_1$+15.8722$X_2$ + 164.9367$X_3$ + 0.0802$X_4$ + 0.5932$X_5$ + 11.3373$X_6$ + 3.4683$X_7$- 9.0846$X_8$. Also, total seed cotton yield(Y) can be predicted by the same method with climatic components in Aug., Y =2835.2497 + 57.9134$X_1$ - 46.9055$X_2$ - 41.5886X$_3$ + 1.2559$X_5$ - 21.9687$X_6$ - 3.3763$X_7$- 4.1080$X_8$- 17.5586$X_9$. And the error between observed and theoretical yield were less with approached linear regression.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.126-133
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• 1988

To know the optimum harvest time for seed yield and seed quality a local variety of rye 'Paldang-homil'was harvested at seven different harvest times from 25 to 55 day after heading (DAH) at five-day intervals in 1984 ani 1986. Seed development, seed germination and seedling growth were observed. The l000-grain weight increased as harvest time delayed until 50 DAH in both years. Although grain yield tended to increase with delay of harvest time, the yield differences between succeding harvest time was highest between 40 DAH and 45 DAH. Germination rate of seeds harvested before 30 DAH were lower than those after 35 DAH at 20 C, but at 10 and 30 C before 35 DAH were lower after 40 DAH. Plant height and dry weight of seedlings increased with delay of harvest time up to 45 DAH in pot. Heading stages were similar among the seeds harvested 40-55 DAH. Culm length was not different among the harvest times. The optimum harvest time for seed production of rye seems to be 45 DAH (38 days after flowering).

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.177-179
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• 2011

A new soybean cultivar 'Daewang' was released by Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gangwon Province in 2008. The Goals of breeding the variety was for large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance and resistance to diseases such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and bacterial pustule. 'Daewang' was derived from the cross of GWS91, which has yellow seed coat, large seed size and late maturity, and 'Seokryang-putkong', which has large seed size and early maturity. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection were carried out from 2002 to 2007. It has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum and large seed weight (33.6 g per 100 seeds). The maturity date of 'Daewang' is 16 days later than the 'Taekwang'. It has a high content of total isoflavone ($1,851{\mu}g/g$). The average yield of 'Daewang' was 2.68 MT/ha in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out in four locations in Gangwon province from 2004 to 2007 which was 4 percent higher than the check cultivar 'Taekwang'.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 1995

This study examines the effects of the planting time of mother bulb and mulching materials for the seed production of onion on the amount of seed production, and the following results are obtained : Growth, bolting rate, flowering rate, floret numbers per scape and fertilization rate are best in the case of the seed production under transparent vinyl mulching between Sept. 10 and Sept. 25, and seed yield per plant and seed yield per 10a are increased in the case of the seed production under transparent vinyl mulching between Sept. 10 and Sept. 25, so it is found that it is appropriate to plant the onion mother bulb under the transparent vinyl mulching between Sept. 10 and Sept. 25 in the southern areas of Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.428-433
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• 2017

Background: In this study, the fermentation of ginseng seeds was hypothesized to produce useful physiologically-active substances, similar to that observed for fermented ginseng root. Ginseng seed was fermented using Bacillus, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus strains to extract ginseng seed oil, and the extraction yield, color, and quantity of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and phytosterol were then analyzed. Methods: The ginseng seed was fermented inoculating 1% of each strain on sterilized ginseng seeds and incubating the seeds at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Oil was extracted from the fermented ginseng seeds using compression extraction, solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Results and Conclusion: The color of the fermented ginseng seed oil did not differ greatly according to the fermentation or extraction method. The highest phenolic compound content recovered with the use of supercritical fluid extraction combined with fermentation using the Bacillus subtilis Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI) 1127 strain. The fatty acid composition did not differ greatly according to fermentation strain and extraction method. The phytosterol content of ginseng seed oil fermented with Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127 and extracted using the supercritical fluid method was highest at 983.58 mg/100 g. Therefore, our results suggested that the ginseng seed oil fermented with Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127 and extracted using the supercritical fluid method can yield a higher content of bioactive ingredients, such as phenolics, and phytosterols, without impacting the color or fatty acid composition of the product.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.513-521
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• 2023

Seed-borne diseases reduce not only the seed germination and seedling growth but also seed quality, resulting in the significant yield loss in crop production. Plant seed harbors diverse microbes termed endophytes other than pathogens inside it. However, their roles and application to agricultures were rarely understood and explored to date. Recently, we had isolated from soybean seeds culturable endophytes exhibiting in-vitro antagonistic activities against common bacterial and fungal seed-borne pathogens. In this study, we evaluated effects of seed treatment with endophytes on plant growth and protection against the common seed-borne pathogens: four fungal pathogens (Cercospora sojina, C. kikuchii, Septoria glycines, Diaporthe eres) and two bacterial pathogens (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci). Our experiments showed that treatment of soybean seeds with seed endophytes clearly offer protection against seed-borne pathogens. We also found that some of the endophytes promote plant growth in addition to the disease suppression. Taken together, our results demonstrate agricultural potential of seed endophytes in crop protection.