• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 1995

Effect of water treatment sludge(alum sludge) application on the growth of Korea local corn(Zeas Mays L.) was evaluated and phytotoxicity of alum sludge on the growth of corn roots and plant height was tested. Alum sludge itself and composted alum sludge compost were applicated by 1500kg/ha in the plot respectively. For the fertility test, yield, chlorophyll content, plant height of corn treated by alum sludge and composted alum sludge were better than that of control. No clear toxixity of alum sludge was found. At the food chemical analyses of seed corn, no obvious component variation were evaluated either. Test of pH effect on phytotoxicity of alum sludge on corns showed that plant height and root growth of corns were inhibited at low pH 4 solution. Phytotoxicity test of alum sludge extract which was extracted at various pH solutions, showed that growth and cations uptake inhibition were found the more serious the lower the pH. Plant height and root growth injury were serious at higher than 100ppm Al content solution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.296-296
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• 2009

국제기준(Codex)에 부합하는 유기농산물의 생산을 위해서는 저항성 품종의 유기종자 사용을 원칙으로 규정하고 있으나, 현재까지 우리나라의 경우는 찰옥수수 등 주요 식량작물에 대한 유기채종기술이 거의 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구는 찰옥수수 유기채종기술 확립을 위한 기초 자료로 이용하고자 찰옥수수 유기 채종에 따른 파종기별 생육 및 수량특성에 대하여 검토하였다. 유기종자 생산을 위한 채종시험은 홍천군 남면에 위치한 농가 유기포장에서 수행되었으며, 시험품종은 옥수수시험장에서 육성 보급되고 있는 미백2호 및 미흑찰 원종종자를 이용하였다. 파종기는 4월 16일, 5월 4일, 5월 27일 등 3처리로 구분하여 모 부본 동시파종 하였다. 재식밀도는 80${\times}$25cm로 하여 점파하였고 모 부본의 재식비율은 2:1로 웅주간파 하였다. 잡초방제는 흑색 P.E. Film으로 멀칭 재배하였고, 유기질비료는 H사에서 생산된 혼합유박비료를 전량 기비로 시용하였다. 파종기별 출사일수는 미백2호의 경우 4월 파종에서 79일로 가장 길었고, 파종 시기가 늦을수록 출사일수는 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 미흑찰의 경우에는 미백2호의 결과와 같은 경향으로 파종시기가 늦을수록 출사일수가 빨라지는 경향을 보였으며, 간장 및 착수고 또한 미백2호와 미흑찰 모두 4월 파종에서 가장 높았고, 파종기가 늦을수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. 이삭특성에 있어서 이삭장과 착립장은 미백2호 및 미흑찰 모두 4월 중순 및 5월 상순 파종간에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 5월 하순 파종에서 현저하게 짧아지는 경향을 보였다. 발아율의 경우 미백2호는 4월 중순 및 5월 상순 파종에서, 미흑찰은 5월 상순 파종에서 높게 나타났다. 종실중과 100립중은 미백2호 및 미흑찰 모두 4월 중순과 5월 상순 파종간에 큰 차이가 없었고, 5월 하순 파종에서 현저하게 감소하였다. 10a당 채종수량은 미백2호의 경우 4월 상순 파종에서 217㎏으로 가장 높았고, 미흑찰은 5월 상순 파종에서 164kg/10a으로 가장 많았으며, 두 품종 모두 5월 하순 파종에서 채종수량의 뚜렷한 감소가 나타났다. 따라서 찰옥수수 유기종자의 안정적 채종과 정상수량 확보를 위해서 미백2호는 4월 중순 파종시에 그리고 미흑찰은 5월 상순 파종시에 채종 안전성이 가장 우수한 것으로 판단되었고, 또한 채종수량에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 1개 이삭당 종실중과 100립중도 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2010

A new tall fescue variety (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) named "Greenmaster" was developed by the National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, at Suwon from 1999 to 2007. For synthetic seed production of this new variety, 5 superior clones, EFa9111, EFa9122, EFa9211, EFa9225, and EFa9234 were selected and polycrossed. The agronomic growth characteristics and forage production capability of the seeds were studied at Suwon from 2003 to 2004, and regional trials were conducted in Suwon, Pyungchang, Jeju, and Ikcsan from 2005 to 2007. Greenmaster showed enhanced winter hardiness, disease resistance, and regrowth ability as compared to Fawn. The dry matter yield of Greenmaster was 11% higher as 19,156 kg/ha than that of Fawn. However, the nutritive value of both varieties was similar.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2015

A new tall fescue variety (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) named 'Greenmaster2ho' was developed by the National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, in Cheonan, Korea from 2010 to 2014. For the synthetic seed production of this new variety, 5 superior clones were selected and polycrossed: 09XFa02, 09XFa03, 09XFa11, 09XFa13, and 09XFa14. The agronomic growth characteristics and forage production capability of the seeds were studied at Cheonan from 2010 onward, and regional trials were conducted in Cheonan, Hoengseong, Jeju, and Jinju from 2012 to 2014. Greenmaster2ho showed resistance to disease, persistence, and regrowth ability that were all enhanced when compared with Fawn. At 15,119 kg/ha, the dry matter (DM) yield of Greenmaster2ho was 29% higher than that of Fawn, but the nutritive value of both varieties as forage was similar. This study aimed to make a contribution to the vitalization of the Korean grassland industry by developing a new tall fescue variety with excellent environmental adaptability.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 2013

"Onnuri" is a new orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar developed by the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) in 2011. To develop the new variety of orchardgrass, 5 superior clones were selected and polycrossed for seed production. The agronomic growth characteristics and forage productivity of "Onnuri" were examined at Cheonan from 2009 to 2011, and regional trials were conducted in Cheonan, Pyeongchang, Jinju and Jeju from 2009 to 2011, respectively. "Onnuri" showed medium type growth habit in fall and spring, and medium in length of flag leaf and long upper internode. Plant height of "Onnuri" was 5cm more than that of the standard cultivar, "Amba" and the heading date was 5 days earlier than that of Amba (16th May). Characteristics, such as waterlogging and disease resistance, of "Onnuri" were stronger or better than those of Amba, Especially, dry matter yield of "Onnuri" (14,775 kg/ha) increased by 18% compared to that of Amba (12,523 kg/ha). Nutritive values appeared to be similar in both varieties.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2008

This study was conducted to select some effective organic materials for supplying mineral nutrients at the later red-pepper growing period under organic farming system, and to evaluate the application effect. Nutritional characteristics of organic materials, nitrogen release pattern during liquefying the selected organic materials, and crop growth were examined. Among 18 organic materials, meals such as soybean, rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed except for gluten had greater nitrogen content. Total nitrogen content liquefied solution of the mixture of organic materials and molasses or yogurt was measured after 7 days of the liquefying, thereafter, the mixture of rapeseed meal and yogurt showed the highest nitrogen, reaching about $3,000mg\;L^{-1}$. Selected liquid manure, mixture of rapeseed meal and yogurt, was applied 8 times to red-pepper plants with fertigation or foliar application. Total nitrogen of leaves at 150 days after transplanting was the highest (4.4%) in the treatment of foliar application of the selected liquid manure, whereas shoot dry weight and fresh fruit yield were the greatest in the treatment of fertigation.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 1983

To select appropriate herbicides for adzukibean and mungbean, a series of experiments was carried out in both field and pot from 1980 to 1983. Tolerance to the herbicides tested was highest in soybeans and followed by mungbean and adzukibean in the order. Pre-emergence herbicides showed relatively low phytotoxicity were chlorambem, linuron, and metribuzin for adzukibean and alachlor and butachlor for mungbean. Post-emergence herbicides showed no external phytotoxicity for adzukibean and mungbean were alloxydim, Dowco 453, fluazifop, etc.. For mungbean, terbutryn (1.5 kg, a.i./ha) which is pre-emergence herbicide showed the best weeding control efficacy but some possible phytotoxicity. Among post-emergence herbicides, acifluorfen (300 g, a.i./ha) showed the best weeding efficacy with no yield reduction though some phytotoxicity which recovered within 20 days. Compared to single herbicide application, the mixture or systemic treatments of herbicides showed much higher weeding control efficacy and seed yields: the systemic treatments of linuron (500 g, a.i./ha) / Dowco 453 (180 g, a.i./ha) or linuron (500 g, a.i./ha) / fluazufop (260 g, a.i./ha) for adzukibean and the mixture treatment of alachlor (1.31 kg, a.i./ha) / acifluorfen (150 g, a.i./ha) for mungbean, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 1984

Effects of phosphorous fertilizer on the growth habit and yield of monoculm and branch types of two leading sesame varieties was investigated. The photosynthetic rate of at each growing stage was high at the flowering stage. The photosynthetic rate of monoculm sesame variety, Pungnyeon was high prior to flowering stage, while the Kwangsan variety, branch type was high after the flowering stage. The level of phosphate were most effective in increasing photosynthesis when standard level of fertilizer was applied in both varieties. Kwangsan variety showed higher photosynthetic rate per unit area, higher NAR, and CGR and higher LAR and RGR at the maximum flowering stage than the Pungnyoeon variety. Those characters attained maximum level when standard levels of phosphorous fertilizer were applied. The protein and oil content of seeds were higher in Kwangsan variety compared with Pungnyeon. However, the carbohydrate of seeds was high for Pungnyeon variety. The highest protein content was attained when standard level of fertilizer were applied. The oil content appeared to increase as the level of applied fertilizer increased. The results suggest that the vegetative growth and seed yields of sesame may be enough with present level of fertilizers. However, higher amount of phosphorous fertilizer may be required to increase the oil content of sesame seeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 1989

Present study was conducted to reveal the effects of the herbicides, Lasso and Devrinol, on the soybean growth and the nodulation in field condition. Emergence rate was reduced positively in proportion to increase in the concentration of herbicides regardless of the herbicidal difference and it was significantly reduced even in the recommended concentration as compared to untreated plot, showing marked abnormal symptom on seedlings. Plant height, fresh weight of the plant, number of internodes, branches, pods, seeds per plant and 100-seed weight were reduced with increase in the concentration of herbicides and were highly significant in difference between the untreated plot and double concentration plot, eventhough most were nonsignificant in difference from the recommended concentration. Nodulation was significantly decreased with increase in the concentration of herbicides. The reduction was remarkably different with soybean varieties and consistently appeared from three weeks to six weeks after sawing. Significant correlation was realized between the reduction of nodulation and the agronomic characters of soybean and it was considered that the reduction of nodulation by misapplication of the herbicides might be a causal factor for decrease in soybean yield.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 1998

The most remarkable aspect in the hormesis law is that dose of harmful agents can produce effect that are diametrically opposite to the effect found with high doses of the same agent. Minute quantities of a harmful agent bring about very small change in the organism and control mechanisms appear to subjugate normal processes to place the organism in a state of albert and repair. The stimulated organism in more responsive to changes in environmental factors than it did before being alerted. Routine functions, including repair and defense, have priority for available energy and matetial. The alerted organism utilizes nutrients more efficiently, grows faster, shows improved defense, and lives longer. Accelerated germination, sprouting, growth, development, blooming and ripening, and increased crop yield and resistance to disease are found in plants. Another concept supported by the data in that low doses of ionizing radiation provide increased resistance to subsequent high doses of radiation. The hormesis varies with subject plant, variety, state of seed, environmental and cultural conditions, physiologic function measured, dose rate and total exposure. The results of hormesis are less consistently found, probably due to the great number of uncontrolled variables in the experiments. The general dosage for radiation homlesis in about 100 (10 to 1,000) times ambient or 100 (10 to 1,000) times less than a definitely harmful dose, but these must be modified to the occasion. Although little is known about most mechanisms of homzesis reaction, overcompensation of repair mechanism is offered as one mechanism.