• Title/Summary/Keyword: seed transmission

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Incidence and variability of Hosta virus X and seed-transmission in Hosta plants

  • Park, M.H.;Lee, J.S.;K.H. Ryu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.144.2-145
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    • 2003
  • This study was performed to investigate the incidence of Hosta uirus X (HVX), a Potexvirus, from cultivated hosta ornamental plants in Korea and to ascertain seed transmission of the virus from infected parent plant to progeny ones for breeding program of hosta plants. Infection rate of HVX in cultivated hostas was 25.6 % (11 out of 43 collected samples contained HVX) based on Western blot and RT-PCR detection methods. Most of HVX-infected hostas showed visible systemic leaf symptoms (mosaic, mottle, curling, stunting or combinations). Variability of HVX was confirmed by sequences of coat protein gene of individual isolates from different hostas. HVX was seed-transmitted on Hosta 'Blue Cadet'. The virus was detected from seeds, and sprouts and seedlings from the virus-contaminated seed sources. Over 7.5 % of seeds were HVX-contaminated surveyed in this study, Our data suggest that HVX can be transmitted by seed source, and indexing of the virus should be done for breeding program of Hosta.

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Antimicrobial activities and effect of grapefruit seed extract on the physiological function of microorganism (Grapefruit 종자 추출물의 항균작용 및 미생물 생리기능에 미치는 영향)

  • 김영록;조성환
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.187-193
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    • 1996
  • To investigate the antimicrobial activities and effect of grapefruit seed extract(GFSE) on the physiological function of microorganism, antimicrobial activity, fatty acids of bacterial cell lipid and amino acids of bacterial cell protein were measured. The change of cell morphotype was observed by transmission electron microscope. GFSE was very stable on the wide range temperture and pH. The growth rate of E. coli and B. suvtilis were decreased above 40ppm GFSE There fore, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the E. coli and B. subtilis to GFSE were determined around 40ppm. In the change of fatty acids quantities, hexadecanoate was significantly decreased on the treatment compared with control in case of E. coli, whereas tridecanoate was not detected in case of B. subtilis. In the change of amino acids quantities, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine were decreased on the treatment compared with control in case of E. coli and B. subtilis Transmission electron microsgraphs(TEM) showed the microbial cells were destroyed by GFSE.

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Seed Transmission of Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata causing Leaf Blight of Job's tears (율무에 잎마름 증상을 일으키는 Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis 및 Curvularis lunata의 종자전염)

  • Kim, Ji-Soo;Lee, Du-Hyung
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 1998
  • Bipolaris coicis, B. cynodontis, B. maydis and Curvularia lunata were leaf blight fungi detected from 45 seed samples of Job's tears and B. coicis was the predominant species in seed samples followed by C. lunata, B. cynodontis and B. maydis. When the seed components were plated on test tube agar, B. coicis and C. lunata were highly detected from invelucre, glume, endosperm and stamen, but not detected from plumule. Seed infection with B. coicis casued seed rot, coleoptile blight and seedling blight of Job's tears. Conidial characteristics of leaf blight fungi were as follows; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~5 distoseptate, and 16.8-48$\times$7.2-16.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size; B. cynodontis was fusiform, brown, slightly curved, 0~8 distoseptate, and 16.8-72$\times$9.6-19.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$; B. maydis was fusiform, brown, distintly curved, 0~10 distoseptate, and 28.8-110.4$\times$12-21.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. C. Lunata was fusiform, brown, typically curved, 0~3 distoseptate, and 7.2-24$\times$4.8-12 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. B. coicis was highly pathogenic to Job's tears and corn, weakly pathogenic to rice, but not pathogenic to wheat and barley. c. lunata was highly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 2), corn, wheat and barley, weakly pathogenic to Job's tears (No. 1), but not pathogenic to rice. All treatments were effective to inhibition of leaf blight fungi when carboram, benoram, fludioxonil, prochloraz, thioram, and tap water treated to infected seeds.

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Occurrence of Two Tobamovirus Diseases in Cucurbits and Control Measures in Korea

  • Park, Gug-Seoun
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.243-248
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    • 2001
  • Two Tobamoviruses, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV), occurred in Korea in 463 ha in 1998, 33.9 ha in 1999, and 44.2 ha in 2000. CGMMV was detected in watermelon, cucumber, oriental melon, and melon, whereas ZGMMV was mainly detected in zucchini squash. Thirty-six CGMMV isolates wee classified into three types by analysis of single strand cDNA conformational polymorphism (SSCP) of the coat protein gene. In a comparison of serological relationships among CGMMV, ZGMMV, and Kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), the three tobamoviruses specifically reacted with each homologous antibody in the double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rapid imunofilter paper assay (RIPA), although ZGMMV and KGMMV were slightly biologcially similar. In a survey of the three tobamoviruses in cucurbitgrowing field in Korea by RIPA, CGMMV and ZGMMV were detected but KGMMV was not found in commercially growing cucurbit crops so far. Seed contamination ratio of CGMMV in bottle gourd seeds tested was 84%, while seed trasmission ratio from the virus-contaminated seeds was 2.0%. Soil transmission ratio was 0-3.5% in fields naturally infested with CGMMV or ZGMMV. Control measures of the virus diseases are roguing and sanitation. These suggest that it is important to rogue the first infected crops, which include the seed and soil, especially early in the season. This may be practicable to control the diseases because CGMMV and ZGMMV have a narrow host range restricted to cucurbitaceous crops.

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Transmission of Apple scar skin viroid by Grafting, Using Contaminated Pruning Equipment, and Planting Infected Seeds

  • Kim, Hyun-Ran;Lee, Sin-Ho;Lee, Dong-Hyuk;Kim, Jeong-Soo;Park, Jin-Woo
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.63-67
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    • 2006
  • Apple scar skin, one of the most destructive diseases affecting apple, is caused by Apple scar skin viroid (ASSV d). Fruit dappling appeared on several cultivars in Korea and has been distributed to major cultivated areas since 2001. ASSVd was identified from infected fruits by using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification with electrochemiluminescence (NASBA-ECL). NASBA-ECL method was faster and hundredfold more sensitive than reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for ASSVd detection in apple leaves/ stems. ASSVd was rapidly transmitted to the entire tree in the second year after artificial inoculation. The ASSVd could be transmitted efficiently by using contaminated pruning scissors to both lignified stems (60 to $70\%$) and green shoots (20 to $40\%$) of apple tree and young plants. Dipping of contaminated scissors in $2\%$ sodium hypochlorite solution effectively prevented viroid transmission. In the ASSV d-infected fruits, the viroid was easily detected from fruit skin, seed coat, and embryo. Moreover, embryo and endosperm separately excised from the ASSVd-infected seeds were ASSVd positive in NASBA-ECL assay. Seedlings germinated from ASSVd-positive seeds showed $7.7\%$ infection rate., which indicated that ASSVd is seed-borne.

Germination Prediction of Cucumber (cucumis sativus) Seed using Raman Spectroscopy (라만분광을 이용한 오이 종자의 발아예측)

  • Mo, Changyeun;Kang, Sukwon;Lee, Kangjin;Kim, Giyoung;Cho, Byoung-Kwan;Lim, Jong-Guk;Lee, Ho-Sun;Park, Jongryul
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.404-410
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The objective of this research was to select high quality cucumber (cucumis sativus) seed by classifying into viable or non-viable one using Raman spectroscopy. Method: Both transmission and back-scattering Raman spectra of viable and non-viable seeds in the range from $150cm^{-1}$ to $1890cm^{-1}$ were collected with a laser illumination. Results: The Raman spectra of cucumber seed showed Raman peaks with features of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to predict viable seeds was developed with measured transmission and backscattering spectra with Raman spectroscopy and germination test results. Various types of spectra pretreatment were investigated to develop the classification models. The results of developed PLS-DA models using the transmission spectra with mean normalization or range normalization, and back-scattering spectra with mean normalization treatment or baseline correction showed 100% discrimination accuracy. Conclusions: These results showed that Raman spectroscopy technologies can be used to select the high quality cucumber seeds.

Morphological Characters and Seed Transmission of Bipolaris panici-miliacei Causing Leaf Spot of Common Millet (기장 점무늬병균 (Bipolaris panici-miliacei)의 형태적 특징과 종자전염)

  • 이두형
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.18-21
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    • 1997
  • Bipolaris panici-miliacei, Cercospora fusimaculans, Fusarium moniliforme and Rhizoctonia solani were pathogenic fungi detected from 5 seed samples of common millet (Panicum miliaceum). Morphological characters of B. panici-miliacei were as follows. Conidiophores were dark olivaceous brown, simple, cylindrical, geniculate, and septate. Conidia were fusoid, dark olivaceous brown, tapering gradually toward the ends, straight to slightly curved, 3~13 distoseptate, and 29.4~155.4$\times$10~26 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size with dark hilum included within the contour of the basal cell. Seed infection with B. panici-miliacei caused seed rotting, coleoptile spot, and seedling blight of common millet plants. According to the inoculation experiments, B. panici-miliacei showed strong virulence on the young seedlings of common millet, but very weak virulence on the young seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica).

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Development of Molecular Markers to Detect Diaporthe spp. from Decayed Soybean Seeds

  • Seongho Ahn;Nguyen Thi Diem Thuy
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.51 no.6
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    • pp.463-467
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    • 2023
  • Soybean is one of the world's most widely cultivated food crops, and soybean seeds are supplied from national seed resources in Korea. However, the transmission of seed-borne diseases through infected soybean seeds is problematic. Among these diseases, soybean seed decay is caused by Diaporthe spp. Infecting the pods, and the infected seeds show rotting symptoms. Most diseased seeds are removed during the selection process; however, it is difficult to distinguish infected seeds that do not display symptoms. Hence, a sequencebased method was devised to screen Diaporthe-infected seeds. Based on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribe spacer (ITS) region of the pathogen, a primer was designed to distinguish the infection from other soybean seed pathogens. As a result of the comparison between healthy and Diaporthe-diseased seeds by using the primers, Diaporthe was detected only in the diseased seeds. Therefore, it is possible to distribute healthy soybean seeds by detecting Diaporthe-diseased seeds at the genetic level using the Diaporthe-specific primers.

A Study on the design of voice cryptograph system (음성암호시스템 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Tae-Sup;Ahn, In-Soo
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.51-59
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    • 2002
  • In this paper, we studied the voice cryptograph system designed by the SEED algorithm for the safe transmission and receipt on the voice communication. Voice band signal converts to digital signal by the CODEC and DSP that applied the improved SEED algorithm encrypt the digital signal. The CODEC convert Encryption signal into analog voice signal. This voice signal is transmitted safely because of encryption signal even if someone wiretap. Receiver can hear the source voice, because the encryption signal decrypted using the SEED algorithm. In this paper, We designed the 32 round key instead of 16 round key in the SEED algorithm so that we improve the truncated differential probability from $2^{-143.1}$ to $2^{-286.6}$

Crossbreeding and parental lineage influences the diversity and community structure of rice seed endophytes

  • Walitang, Denver I.;Halim, MD Abdul;Kang, Yeongyeong;Kim, Yongheon;Sa, Tongmin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.161-161
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    • 2017
  • Seed endophytes are very remarkable groups of bacteria for their unique abilities of being vertically transmitted and conserved. As plants attain hybrid vigor and heterosis in the process of crossbreeding, this might also lead to the changes in the community structure and diversity of plant endophytes in the hybrid plants ultimately affecting the endophytes of the seeds. It would be interesting to characterize how seed endophyte composition change over time. The objective of this study is to gain insights into the influence of natural crossbreeding and parental lineage in the seed bacterial endophytic communities of two pure inbred lines exploring contributions of the two most important sources of plant endophytes - colonization from external sources and vertical transmission via seeds. Total genomic DNA was isolated from rice seeds and bacterial DNA was selectively amplified by PCR. The diversity of endophytic bacteria was studied through Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Diversity between the original parents and the pure inbred line may show significant differences in terms of richness, evenness and diversity indices. Heat maps reveal astonishing contributions of both or either parents (IR29 ${\times}$ Pokkali and AT401 ${\times}$ IR31868) in the shaping of the bacterial seed endophytes of the hybrid, FL478 and IC32, respectively. Most of the T-RFs of the subsequent pure inbred line could be traced to any or both of the parents. Comparison of common and genotype-specific T-RFs of parents and their offspring reveals that majority of the T-RFs are shared suggesting higher transmission of bacterial communities common to both parents. The parents influence the bacterial community of their offspring. Unique T-RFs of the offspring also suggest external sources of colonization particularly as the seeds are cultivated in different ecogeographical locations. This study showed that host parental lines contributed greatly in the shaping of bacterial seed endophytes of their offspring. It also revealed transmission and potential conservation of core seed bacterial endophytes that generally become the dominant microbiota in the succeeding generations of plant hosts.

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