• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2009

Seed germination is the important stage to express many genes for regulation of energy metabolism, starch degradation and cell division from seed dormancy state. For the functional analysis of seed germination mechanisms, we were analyzed the rice cDNA clones (Oryzasativa cultivar Ilpum) obtained from seed imbibition during 48 hours. Total number of 18,101 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) were clustered using SeqMan program. Among them, 8,836 clones were identified as unique clones. We identified the chitinase gene specifically expressed in seed germination and amylase gene involved to starch degradation from the full length cDNA analysis, and several genes were registered to NCBI GeneBank. To analyzed the commonly expressed genes between inmature seed and germinated seed, 25,66 inmature ESTs and 18,101 germinated ESTs were clustered using SeqMan program and identified 2,514 clones as commonly expressed unigene. Among them, alpha-glubulin and alcohol dehydrogenase I were supposed to LEA genes only expressed in the immature and germinated seed stages. For the clustering of orthologous group genes, we further analyzed the 8,836 EST clones from germinating seeds using NCBI clusters of orthologous groups database. Among the clones, 5,076 clones were categorized into information storage and processing, cellular processes and signaling, metabolism and poorly characterized genes, proportioning 783 (14.29%), 1,484 (27%), 1,363 (24.8%) and 1,869 (34%) clones to the previous four categories, respectively.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.210-215
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• 1998

저온과 종피연화의 처리방법을 설정하여 둥굴레 종자를 이용한 다량육묘에 필요한 정보를 제공하고자 저온처리기간 (4, 8, 12, 16주), 종피연화(10% KOH, 40분)와 저온의 혼용(混用) 처리방법(處理方法)이 발아(發芽), 소주아(小珠芽) 형성(形成) 및 발아개체 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 발아률(發芽率)과 소주아(小珠芽) 형성률(形成率)은 저온만 처리할 경우 $8{\sim}12$주가 적정 기간으로 판단되었으나 종피연화와 혼용처리(混用處理)할 경우 저온처리기간을 8주 이내로 대폭 단축할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 둥굴레 종자의 발아는 종피연화와 저온을 각각 단용처리(單用處理)하는 것보다는 이들의 혼용처리(混用處理)에서 향상되었으며 종피연화처리 효과보다는 저온처리의 효과가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 3. 발아(發芽) 및 소주아(小珠芽) 형성률(形成率)은 종피연화 처리를 저온 처리 후에 실시하는 것보다는 전에 실시하는 것에서 양호하였고, 근수(根數)에서도 이와 유사한 경향을 보였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1996

유성지역에서 채종한 가막사리 종자의 휴면과 발아특성 및 초기 생장에 관한 조사를 통하여 발생생태를 파악하고, 기존 제초제에 대한 반응을 조사하여 벼 직파재배지에서 발생하는 가막사리의 효율적 방제를 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 노지에서 채종한 종자를 실온건조, 실온습윤, 저온건조, 저온습윤, 고온건조 등의 조건에서 저장하였을 경우 저장 후 35일까지는 발아하지 않았다. 2. 저온습윤상태(모래층적)에 저장한 종자는 3개월 후부터 발아하기 시작하였으며 저장기간이 길어질수록 발아율도 증가되어 5개월 이후에는 70% 이상 발아되었고 9개월 이후에는 거의 모든 종자가 발아되었다. 3. 냉동(-20$^{\circ}C$), 고온(100$^{\circ}C$), 중탕(40$^{\circ}C$) 등의 물리적인 방법으로는 종자의 발아가 유기되지 않았다. 4. 농황산, $KNO_3$, 또는 지베렐린 용액에 종자를 침지처리하여도 발아가 유기되지 않았다. 5. Ethrel 용액에 종자를 파종하면 발아율이 증가되었는데 처리농도가 증가되면 발아율도 증가하여 250ppm의 농도에서는 90% 이상이 발아하였다. 그러나 1,000ppm의 농도에서는 오히려 발아율이 감소되었다. 6. 종자를 절단하여 파종했을 때 80% 정도의 발아율을 나타내었으며 발아한 유묘는 절단된 형태의 떡잎을 지니고 있었다. 7. 모래에 충적 저장한 가막사리 종자의 발아적온은 35~40$^{\circ}C$였으며 발아시 광을 요구하지 않았다. 8. 가막사리 종자가 담수조건에서는 발아되지 않았지만 생장에는 밭조건보다 유리하였다. 한편 완전히 침수된 가막사리 유묘는 전혀 생장하지 못하였으나 80% 정도 침수된 유묘는 정상적으로 생장하였다. 9. 제초제에 의한 가막사리 방제는 2엽기(葉期)이전에 처리하는 것이 효과적이며 실험에 사용한 제초제 중에서는 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, linuron, bentazone 등이 우수한 효과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1984

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information on the development of flower bud and to clarify the characteristics of flower organ and flowering in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium). The formation of flower bud in the dormancy bud of Korean ginseng was initiated about the middle of June and completed late in September. The ovary, style and anther of Panax ginseng, violet-stem and yellow-berry variants, were formed earlier than those of Panax quinquefolium. Panax ginseng, therefore, flowered earlier by one month in comparison with Panax quinquefolium. As for the effect of temperature on the flowering of ginseng, both species, Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium, grown at 20 $^{\circ}C$ flowered earlier than those at 15 $^{\circ}C$ and field conditions, but did not flower at 30 $^{\circ}C$. Seed characters were better in Panax ginseng than in Panax quinquefolium and the amount of seeds showed the highly significant positive correlation coefficient with peduncle length in both Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-61
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• 1993

Seeding treatment was used for 2 years at an artificial bare ground for selecting tree species suitable for forest-floor revegetation. 2 ${\times}$2${\times}$2 factorial experiment was used with a randomized complete block design for 19 native tree species and results were summarized as follows; 1. Native species suitable for restoration of bareland under 75% shading in central part of Korea were Styrax japonica, Styrax obassia, Smilax china, Callicarpa japonica, Stephanandra incisa, Viburnum dilatatum for. pilosulm, Magnolia sieboldii, Cornus kousa, Celastrus orbiculata, etc.. Especially, Magnolia sieboldii, Stephanandra incisa and Stryrax obassia were tolerant for forest-floor with hardened woil surface and Callicarpa japonica, Viburnum dilatatum for. pilosulum, Euonymus sieboldianus and Philadelphus schrenkii were suitable for softened soil surface with straw-mat mulching. 2. It is necessary to break seed dormancy to accelerate germination in case of Styrax obassia, Styrax japonica, Viburnum dilatatum for. pilosulum, Smilax china and Stephanandra incisa.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2007년도 6th OSONG INTERNATIONAL BIO-SYMPOSIUM
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• pp.243.2-243.2
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• 2007

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2012년도 심포지엄 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.107-108
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• 2012

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.37-37
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• 2018

We use two different methods for laboratory propagation from seed of lady's slipper orchid(Cypripedium macranthos Sw.); immature seed which also called green capsule or fully mature seed about 120~130 days from pollination. In green capsule culture, the seed pods should be collected within precisely right time. The right time of seed collection could be diverse under the wether conditions or nutritional factors of the plants. In fully matured seed culture, the more complicated procedures are needed to break the dormancy of the seed; thermal or chemical treatment. The seedlings in this study were easily germinated from immature seeds in Harvais medium; 53 days after pollination(DAP) in Cypripedium pubescens, DAP 65 in C. parviflorum and C. macranthos. The germinated seedlings were transplanted to hormone free media immediately to avoid abnormal growth of seedlings. When the seedlings have roots with a minimum length of around 2-3cm and have visible dormant buds, the seedlings were removed from the flask and stored in refrigerator for vernalization. To examine the correlation of seedlings and maternal plants, the 125 seedlings of C. macranthos were transplanted in the soil bed at a distance of 20-100 cm from mother plants on April 20. The survival rate of seedlings were 92% in 20 cm distance from the ripe plants, and 56 % in 100 cm distance. The seedlings which were transplanted near mother plants showed vigorous growth in plant height, leaf width, and especially dormant buds. Considering the existence of mycorrhiza which is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a orchid vascular, the various fungus from mother plants could affect the growth of the seedlings. These results indicate the possibility of high and stable production and practical industrialization of endangered lady's slipper orchids.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.480-487
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• 2006

본 연구는 발아율이 낮고 발아가 불균일할 뿐만 아니라 발아소요기간이 긴 고로쇠나무 종자의 발아율 및 발아속도를 향상시키고자 PEG를 이용한 priming 처리를 실시하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수분퍼텐셜을 0, -0.25, -0.5, -1.0, -2.0MPa로 각각 조절한 PEG 용액에 3일 동안 침지시켜 priming 처리한 고로쇠나무 종자는 무처리구에 비해 priming 처리구에서 발아율, 평균발아일수, 발아속도 및 발아균일지수가 향상되었다. 특히, -2.0MPa 처리구에서는 가장 높은 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 priming 처리는 무처리구에 비해 휴면율이 낮게 나타나 휴면타파에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. Priming 처리가 종자발아 뿐만 아니라 유묘활력에도 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 priming 처리 후 발아된 종자로부터 생장한 유묘를 대상으로 상대생장율 및 T/R율을 조사한 결과 -2.0MPa 처리구의 유묘에서 상대생장율은 가장 높고 T/R율은 가장 낮은 것으로 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 -2.0MPa의 수분퍼텐셜에서 3일 동안 priming 처리하는 것이 고로쇠나무 종자에 있어 가장 합리적인 종자처리 방법이라 할 수 있었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.390-396
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• 2019

Background: Usually ginseng seeds are sown during autumn and spring. Sowing in spring often results in poorer seedling establishment than in autumn. One of the reasons for poor germination could be cold-treatment condition for breakage of physiological dormancy during winter. Here we tested the effects of storage temperature used during cold treatment on germination. Methods and Results: Germination properties were observed after dehiscent seeds were stored as wet and dry at 2℃, -2℃, -3.5℃ and alternating temperature (AT). Seed dryness and storage temperature affected germination properties (p < 0.01). Wet and AT condition germinated highest, and wet and -3.5℃ condition germinated lowest, which was 91.2% and 1.4% respectively. Mean germination time (MGT) of the wet and AT condition was faster than other treatments at 2.4 days, and the dry and -2℃ condition was the longest. Germination performance index (GPI) was highest for wet and AT condition (37.7%) and the lowest for wet and -3.5℃ condition (0.5%). The growth of above-ground and below-ground were the best for wet and 2℃ condition, and wet seeds showed better growth than dry seeds (p < 0.01). Conclusions: For cold treatment, ginseng seeds may not be stored below -2℃ for successful germination during spring sowing.