• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6203-6206
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) smears who had undergone the "see and treat" approach compared to those who underwent a conventional approach. The records of women with HSIL smears undergoing colposcopy at Srinagarind Hospital were reviewed. In those undergoing the conventional approach, the final histological diagnosis was made on the most severe histological results obtained after initial colposcopy. In the "see and treat" group, the final histological diagnosis was made on the examination of LEEP specimens obtained after initial colposcopy. Overtreatment in the see and treat group was defined as the LEEP specimens containing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 or less. During the study period, 302 women with HSIL underwent colposcopy. Twenty (6.6%) were nulliparous. One hundred and ninety-four (64.2%) underwent conventional management while the remaining 108 (35.8%) received the see and treat management. The prevalence of underlying high-grade lesions in women undergoing the conventional approach was significantly higher than that observed among women undergoing the see and treat approach (89.2% and 47.2%, respectively, P<0.001). The overtreatment rate in the see and treat group was 52.8%. Multivariate analysis revealed that only parity status was a statistically significant factor for predicting the overtreatment after undergoing the see and treat approach. In conclusion, the overtreatment rate among women undergoing see and treat in this study is notably high and therefore this approach should not be routinely practiced.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.305-308
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the indications of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and its overtreatment rates for the see and treat and three step strategies in cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined cytology (ASC-US) and low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGSIL) cytology. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed colposcopy directed biopsy (CDB) and LEEP results of 176 paients with ASC-US or LGSIL cytologies who underwent colposcopic examination. Results: Initial cytologies were ASCUS in 120 women and LGSIL in 56. According to the see and treat approach immediate LEEP was performed for38 women. Among the remaining 138 women, LEEP was performed for 32 whose CDB results revealed CIN2/3 lesions. In the see and treat group the recognition of CIN2/3 was found to be 39.4%. The overtreatment rate was 60% as compared to 25% in the three step group. In CDB group detection of CIN 2 or greater lesions increased with 3 or more biopsies. Conclusions: In patients with ASC-US/LGSIL cytologies CDB should be performed before LEEP to prevent overtreatment, with attention to all suspected areas and more than 2 biopsies taken.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3483-3486
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate the overtreatment rate with the see and treat approach in the management of women with abnormal cervical cytology. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients with abnormal cervical cytology who underwent S&T at MSMC between January 2008 and December 2012 was conducted. Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), histological results, cytology and colposcopic impression were analyzed to evaluate overtreatment rate, cyto-histologic correlation and related factors. Results: Average age of S&T cases was 42 years. Ninety seven percents were referred from affiliated health care providers. The study revealed 83.2% patients had HSIL or higher from cervical cytology. Correlation between HSIL and final histology was relatively low at 75% compared to other studies. Overtreatment rate was 28%. Conclusions: S&T was done in 197 patients in a tertiary care health facility with patient satisfaction. Overtreatment occurred, but the rate can be reduced with appropriate recommendations. HSIL Pap smears should be reexamined before S&T while low grade and lesser colposcopic impression groups should obtain conventional colposcopic approach for patient future reproductive benefit.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.187-196
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• 1997

This characteristics of stall keepers depend on items they treat and their main customers as follows. 1) The stall keepers around residential areas and traditional markets treat necessities such as vegitables. fishes. fruits, etc. Their main customers are regularly visiting housewives. 2) The stall keepers around CBD. mainstreet and amusement areas mainly treat alchoholic beverages and micellenious goods. Their marker areas are relatively wide. 3) The stall keepers want their business to be socially accepted as legal. Residents do not want to see illegal stall keepers around their residence even though they are frequent users of the stall keepers.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.1300-1303
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• 2002

In this paper, we consider how to treat delay-time uncertainties caused by inter-die and intradie variabilities in evaluating the distribution of the critical delay of a CMOS combinatorial circuit, and formulate inter-die variability as a correlation of delays. Then, we propose an algorithm to evaluate the distribution of the critical delay based on the algorithm in ［1] which takes correlations into account. We also show some experimental results to see the effect of the formulation.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2016

Objectives : This paper aims to study how 'All articulations are controlled by the gallbladder' as urged by Heoim in Chimgugyeongheombang was reflected in the clinical field, and look into the reason for his assertion. Methods : The paper looked into Chimgugyeongheombang and 1) found examples of how acupoints related to gallbladder were used to treat articulation-related diseases, and 2) investigated the relation between gallbladder and articulations through analyzing the acupoints used for treating articulation-related diseases. These are then compared with Zhenjiuzishengjing to see if the assertions made in 'All articulations are controlled by the gallbladder' were actually applied in clinical fields. Results & Conclusions : Heoim dealt with 20 points out of the 44 acupoints for gallbladder, and used 14 of them for treatments of articulation-related diseases. Gallbladder acupoints were used for ten illnesses, and four of them were related to articulation. Chimgujasaenggyeong showed a difference in that it did not utilize gallbladder acupoints to treat these illnesses. Out of 33 articulation-related illnesses, gallbladder meridians and acupoints were suggested as a means to treat them in 15 cases, and this is an increase in the usage of these points compared to Chimgugyeongheombang. In other words, Heoim actively utilized gallbladder meridian points in treating articulation-related illnesses. The reason Heoim drew a line between gallbladder and articulations is because gallbladder is categorized as a lesser yang pivot and articulations itself functions as a pivot by acting as a pivot for human body movement.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.146-152
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• 2004

Introduction: Vertigo is one of the common symptoms that we can see often clinically. It is hallucination to motion of oneself or surroundings. Vertigo include not only simple whirling sensation but also leaning or falling down sensation. Particularly in vestibular neuritis, the principal symptoms is dizziness and accompanied by nystagmus, gait imbalance, nausea, vomiting. Cause of vestibular neuritis is inflammatory disease such as common cold. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the efficacy of oriental-treatment on vestibular neuritis patient Subjects: We diagnosed one patient who had severe vertigo and gait imbalance as "dizziness retention of phlegm"(담훈) and treat orientally. Conclusion: After oriental-treatment for 15 days, walk balance was improved and no more vertigo was appeared. We could assume that in the vertigo and gait inbalance due to vestibular neuritis, the acupuncture and herbal medicine can be used.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제10권15호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1987

Laborers have its great effect upon the quality of the manufactured goods directly. This presentation will treat its subjects to rearrange the QC Circle activities in Korea concerned with the Korean way of living and their judgement of value, and present its direction in future. Examining all the present problems such as the occupational morality of the Korean people, wages, labor productivity and its distribution, working hours, disaster, separation rates, and we will see how those factors effect the laborer`s expectation, his will to work and $\Omega$ C Circle activities, compared with those of Japan.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate applications of 122 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex in Dongeuibogam. Methods : 122 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex which have been used separately or concurrently in Oriental Medicine for a long time as a treatment for various disease in Dongeuibogam were studied through order of frequency, symptoms, dosages, and etc. Results : 1. 19(15.57%) prescriptions are recorded in fatigue chapter, 11(9.02%) in mental or emotional disorder as a result of repressed anger or stress chapter, 9(7.38%) in urine and cough chapters respectively and 8(6.56%) in eyes, ears and glycosuria chapters respectively, which are arranged in order of frequency. 2. Burning stress resulted from Yin deficiency treat herbs are ranked top, Yin deficiency treat herbs, dim eyes, Yin-yang deficiency treat herbs, kidney function deficiency treat herbs are ranked in order of frequency among 78 symptoms in prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 3. The dosages of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma which is more used than Phellodendri Cortex are ranged from 5 puns:4 puns ~ 2 nyangs:1 nyang. 1 jeon:5 puns is recorded 3(30.00%), 1 jeon:7 puns is 2 times(20.00%), the others are 1 (10.00%) used among 10 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 4. The dosages of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma which is used same amount Phellodendri Cortex are ranged from 3 puns each ~ 4 nyangs each, same amount each or unidentified dosages. Same amount each or unidentified dosages each is recorded 36 times(38.71%), 5 puns each is 15 times(16.85%), 1 nyang each is recorded 12 times(13.48%), 0.7 jeon each is recorded 7 times (7.87%) and 1 jeon each is recorded 6 times(6.74%) used among 89 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 5. The dosages of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma which is less used than Phellodendri Cortex are ranged from 3 puns:1 jeon ~ 4 nyangs:8 nyangs. 1 nyang:2 nyangs is recorded 4(17.39%), 0.5 jeon:1 jeon is 3(13.40%) each, the others are 1 time(4.35%) used among 23 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 6. The less using dosage of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex has a more percentage of decoctions groups, The more using dosage of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex has a more percentage of the other groups except decoctions. The less using prescriptions have an effects of controlling yin and blood deficiency, enhancing Qi, etc, as a whole. The more using prescriptions as a form of compound powder have an effects in incurableness disease, chronic diseases, and etc. Conclusions : The 122 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex in Dongeuibogam are mainly composed of Gamree-hwan, Samool-tang, Naebo-hwan, Sagoonja-tang and Gobangpoong-tang, and etc.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2012

Chronic abdominal pain remains a challenge to all known diagnostic and treatment methods with patients undergoing numerous diagnostic work-ups including surgery. However, the surgical treatment of patients with chronic intractable abdominal pain is controversial. There has been no discussion of the indications for adhesiolysis in cases of obstruction or strangulation of the bowel, and adhesiolysis by laparotomy has never gained acceptance as a treatment modality for chronic abdominal pain. One of the reasons for this lack of acceptance is the high complication rate during and after adhesiolysis. Laparoscopic surgery has been accepted as a technique for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in general surgery. Laparoscopy allows surgeons to see and treat many abdominal changes that could not otherwise be diagnosed. Here we report two cases of successful symptomatic improvement through laparoscopic adhesiolysis for chronic abdominal pain without intestinal obstruction after total gastrectomy.