• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.367-378
• /
• 2007

A sediment quality index (SQI) and a mean sediment quality guideline quotient (M-SQGQ) were applied for the assessment of sediment quality in Masan Bay, Korea where metals and organic pollutants are of concern. The SQI was calculated by two functions, 'scope' (the number of variables that do not meet guideline objective) and 'amplitude' (the magnitude by which variables exceed guideline objective), with six different sediment quality guideline values from Canada, USA and Australia/New Zealand. Categorization of sediment quality was on the basis of SQI scores. The SQI values were compared with six guideline values applied as well as with the M-SQGQs. The SQI values were severely influenced by a few variables of high exceedance in the degree of non-compliance. The SQI values were very dependent on both the numbers and values of guideline variables used in index caluculation. Nevertheless, the SQI could provide integrated and simplified information from a large number of chemical data set. It is required to further evaluate protocols and guideline applied for deriving SQI and to compare it with field based sediment toxicity test and ecosystem integrity.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.34-38
• /
• 1999

This paper investigated remediation options for contaminated sediments with heavy metals. Twenty three sediment samples were taken from three different depths of 0.5m, 1.5m and 2.5m. The concentration of Heavy metals Cu, Pb, and Hg were measured. The concentration of copper far exceeded the Sediment Quality Guideline in U.S.A and Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines in Canada. Therefore, remediation of the sediments is requried to protect the benthos. Two remediation options were suggested : dredging of the organic sediments as deep as about 85cm followed by surface covers with clean soil, and in-situ stabilization of tile sediments using lime or cement followed by surface cover with clean soil.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.70-74
• /
• 2004

연안 퇴적물의 오염도 개선을 위해 수행되는 준설의 시행 여부 판단을 위해서는 합리적인 준설판단지수(Dredging Index: DI)설정이 필수적이다. 외국에서 사용되는 DI는 국가별 경제수준, 자연환경 특성, 해역의 이용 목적 등이 상이한 까닭에, 국내 환경에 직접 활용하는 것은 비합리적이다. 본 연구에서는 그 동안 축적된 국내 자료를 활용하여 DI를 개발하였고, 이를 오염 우심해역인 마산만의 준설 전·후 환경에 적용하였다. 적용 결과, 개발된 DI는 준설에 따른 퇴적물 환경변화를 잘 지시하는 것으로 판단되며, 준설에 필요한 사회 경제적 여건이 고려된 합리적 DI 값이 도출된다면 특정해역의 준설 범위와 깊이를 결정하는 도구로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.639-649
• /
• 2017

Measurements of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were taken in surface sediments inside Seogwipo and Hallim Harbors of Jeju Island, Korea, to evaluate their distribution. These harbors typically have heavy ship traffic. The samples were collected three times (in June, October, and December, 2013). PCB concentrations in sediments from Seogwipo Harbor were higher than in those from Hallim Harbor, but both levels were very low, compared with those in other parts of the world. Sedimentary PCB levels had a strong correlation with organic carbon and fine granule mud content. PCB concentration values in the examined surface sediments were much lower than Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) such as ER-L (Effect Rrange-Low), TEL (Threshold Effects Level) and ISQG (Interim Sediment Quality Guideline)-low value applied in countries, such as USA, Canada, and Australia. This suggests that the PCBs did not have significant biological effects on benthic organisms in the marine environment.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.930-940
• /
• 2013

We evaluated contamination with organic matter and trace metals by analyzing grain size, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and trace metals (Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, Hg, and As) in surface sediments at 28 stations around the Geum River estuary in July 2008. The surface sediments in the estuary were mainly composed of coarse sediment (sand and muddy sand), with mean grain size (Mz) ranging between $2-4{\O}$. The high concentrations of IL, COD, and trace metals were mainly found at stations in front of the Gusan outer port and industrial complex, and near the Seocheon coast with relatively fine sediments. In addition, the concentrations of IL and all trace metals, except Pb and As, showed good positive correlations with Mz, indicating that the concentrations of organic matter and trace metals were mainly dependent on sediment grain size. The concentrations of COD, AVS, and trace metals in most sediments did not exceed the sediment quality guideline (SQGs). Although the sediments in the study region are not polluted with organic matter and trace metals, there are many point sources of pollutants, such as Gusan port and industrial complex, Janghang refinery, and a thermoelectric power plant around the Geum River estuary. Thus, the management of coastal environments through periodic monitoring of organic matter and trace metals is required in the future.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.759-771
• /
• 2011

We evaluated the pollution levels of organic matter and metallic element (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn, As, and Hg) in the intertidal surface sediments of Aphae Island using several sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and assessment techniques for sediment pollution. Based on the textural composition of sediment, the surface sediments were classified into two main sedimentary facies: slightly gravelly mud and silt. The concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the sediments ranged from 4.6-9.9 (mean $7.4{\pm}1.1$) $mgO_2/g{\cdot}dry$ and from ND-0.53 (mean $0.04{\pm}0.10$) mgS/$g{\cdot}dry$, respectively. These values were considerably lower than those reported from a farming area in a semi-enclosed bay of Korea and for SQGs in Japan. The metallic element concentrations in the sediments varied widely with the mean grain size and organic matter content, implying that the concentrations of metallic elements are influenced mainly by secondary factors, such as bioturbation, the resuspension of sediment, and anthropogenic input. The overall results for the comparison with SQGs, enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$) indicate that the surface sediments are slightly polluted by Cr and Ni, and moderately polluted by As. Our results suggest that the intertidal surface sediments of Aphae Island are not polluted by organic matter or metallic elements and the benthic conditions are suitable for healthy organisms.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of metal pollution in the sediment from rivers, lakes, and streams in active gold mining districts in Ghana. Two hundred and fifty surface sediment samples from 99 locations were collected and analyzed for concentrations of As, Hg, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Mn using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Metal concentrations were then used to assess the human health risks to resident children and adults in central tendency exposure (CTE) and reasonable maximum exposure (RME) scenarios. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As were almost twice the threshold values established by the Hong Kong Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines (ISQG). Hg, Cu, and Cr concentrations in sediment were 14, 20, and 26 times higher than the Canadian Freshwater Sediment Guidelines for these elements. Also, the concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cr, and Hg were 3, 11, 12, and 16 times more than the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) sediment guideline values. The results of the human health risk assessment indicate that for ingestion of sediment under the central tendency exposure (CTE) scenario, the cancer risks for child and adult residents from exposure to As were $4.18{\times}10^{-6}$ and $1.84{\times}10^{-7}$, respectively. This suggests that up to 4 children out of one million equally exposed children would contract cancer if exposed continuously to As over 70 years (the assumed lifetime). The hazard index for child residents following exposure to Cr(VI) in the RME scenario was 4.2. This is greater than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) threshold of 1, indicating that adverse health effects to children from exposure to Cr(VI) are possible. This study demonstrates the urgent need to control industrial emissions and the severe heavy metal pollution in gold mining environments.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2010

마산만유역의 창원시 수계에서 발생한 오염부하는 차집관로를 통하여 하수종말처리장으로 운반되거나 창원시 하천을 거쳐 봉암갯벌을 경유한 후 마산만으로 유입된다. 즉 마산만 하구 갯벌인 봉암갯벌은 도심에 위치하여 있고 민관산학의 협력으로 보존되어 생태학습장으로 이용되는 귀중한 갯벌이다. 특히 최근 몇 년 동안 조개류, 어류와 물새 등 다양한 생물이 관찰되고 있으며 우리나라 최초의 마산만특별관리해역 연안오염총량관리의 중심 지역에 해당한다. 1970년에 시작한 창원기계공업단지의 가동으로 마산만의 하구와 내만은 중금속으로 오염되었음이 보고되었다. 봉암갯벌의 저서생물의 서식지인 퇴적물에 존재하는 잔류성이 강한 주요 중금속 오염물질의 변화를 분석하였다. 아연, 구리, 납이 오염퇴적물 기준의 상위 기준 또는 심한 오염 기준을 초과하였고 인근 지점 별로도 95% 신뢰구간에서 차이를 보였다. 2006년과 2009년의 자료를 비교할 때 모든 중금속 농도가 점차 감소하고 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.26-32
• /
• 2018

In order to analyze the effects of sediment on the occurrence of algal bloom on the Giheung Reservoir, the contamination levels of sediments were evaluated. The concentrations of various organic compounds (ignition loss), as well as the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, As, Hg, Cd) were analyzed in the sediments taken at eighteen sites of the reservoir. The concentrations of ignition loss and total nitrogen tended to increase from upstream to downstream, and ranged from 4.38 to 12.93% and 2,153 to 4,723 mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metals were in the order of Zn>Cr>Co>Ni>Pb>As>Hg, and the contamination level of the heavy metals was not high as a whole. The concentrations of the total phosphorus were in the range of 765 ~ 3,238 mg/kg, which exceeded the contamination level of the "Sediment Quality Assessment Guideline of River and Lake Sediment (Rule No. 2015-687 of the National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea)" at two upstream sites, four downstream sites, and all downstream sites. These results indicated that the pollution level of the total phosphorus, which is the main factor related to algal bloom, was found to be serious. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a countermeasure for sediment management in order to control the algal bloom which occurs periodically in the reservoir.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제6권3_4호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 1991

The water quality in Wonju stream, Seom river in Kangwon province and Bokha, Shindun stream in Kyeonggi province was investigated between the season of irrigation on July, 1990 and of non-irrigation on September in 1989. The results of water quality obtained from this study were as follows; As for water quality of the Wonju stream and the Seom river, the concentration of COD, T-N, SS and Cu, and for the Bokha, Shindun stream, the concentration of T-N, SS and Cu were exceeded standard levels of quality guideline of agricultural water use in the season of irrigation. However, in the water quality of Wonju and Bokha stream, the concentration of T-N , SS and Cu, and in the Seom river, the concentration of T-N, SS, Cu and Zn were exceeded standard levels of agricultural water quality in the season of non-irrigation. And the average water quality of the 4 streams were not suitable for agricultural water use. The comparison of the annual average water quality of the 4 streams for pH, DO, T-N and SS were in statistics significantly different with p values less than 0.01. When the average water quality between the season of irrigation and non-irrigation in each stream was compared, DO and COD in the Wonju stream, COD in the Seom river, pH, DO, T-N, SS and Cu in the Shindun stream showed a significant difference with p<0.01. The average in the sediment were; COD, 5.65∼26.53 ppm; Cu, 0.26∼0.49 ppm and Zn 0.95∼2.97 ppm. The concentration of three contaminants were markedly higher than the water quality. And the concentration of COD, Zn in the sediment showed a significant difference with p<0.01, and Cu showed a considerably significant difference with p<0.05.