• Title/Summary/Keyword: sediment mechanism

Search Result 116, Processing Time 0.033 seconds

The Analysis for the Causes of Beach Erosion on Jeonchon-Najung Beach on the East Coast of Korea (전촌-나정해안의 해안침식 원인분석)

  • Yoo, Hyung-Seok;Kim, Kyu-Han;Joung, Eui-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
    • /
    • v.20 no.6
    • /
    • pp.611-620
    • /
    • 2008
  • The process of sediment transport has a very complex mechanism due to waves, currents and bottom topography changes. Usually, beach erosion occurs from various causes such as non-equilibrium sediment transport condition, construction of seawall and rip currents. Therefore, when we try to reduce and develop countermeasures for beach erosion, we have to know the main mode and direction of sediment transport that causes beach erosion. In this study, the process of sediment transport on Jeonchon-Najung beach and main causes of beach erosion have been studied. Field investigation data, aerial photos and the results of numerical model test were used in the analysis. As a result, it was realized that the main causes of beach erosion at Jeonchon-Najung beach was due to the construction of fishery harbors and a seawall.

Potential of River Bottom and Bank Erosion for River Restoration after Dam Slit in the Mountain Stream

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;So, Kazama
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
    • /
    • 2011.05a
    • /
    • pp.46-46
    • /
    • 2011
  • Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

  • PDF

Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon at Kongsfjorden in Spitsbergen, Svalbard Islands (북극 스발바드 군도 스피츠베르겐섬 콩스피요르드에서의 다환 방향족 탄화수소화합물의 분포 특성)

  • Kim, Gi Beom;Ha, Seong Yong;An, In Yeong
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.13 no.9
    • /
    • pp.819-826
    • /
    • 2004
  • In order to elucidate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration and its origin in arctic area, four arctic brown algae (Laminaria saccharina, L. digita, Alaria esculenta, Desmarestia aculeata), one marine invertebrate (Echinoidea) and sediments were collected from Kongsfjorden in Spitsbergen from the late July to early August, 2003. In case of macroalgae, the young blade part above growth point and the old stipes and blades beneath growth point were separated and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an attempt to check the mechanism of uptake in macroalgae to accumulate PAH. There was no difference in PAH concentrations between sampling sites (Stations B and C), species, and blades beneath and above growth point. PAH concentrations in all samples collected in this study were relatively higher than those reported in other areas of arctic. Especially, station C, which is known as an unpolluted area, showed 10 times higher PAH concentration (8,765 ng/g) in sediment than station A (694 ng/g) around harbor. In addition high PAH concentration, station C had very higher proportion of methylated PAH to parent PAH in sediment than station A. Source analysis using PAH isomer pair ratios as indicators showed that Kongsfjorden area seemed to be relatively contaminated with PAH derived from direct petroleum input.

Organic Carbon, Calcium Carbonate, and Clay Mineral Distributions in the Korea Strait Region, the Southern Part of the East Sea

  • Khim, Boo-Keun;Shin, Dong-Hyeok;Han, Sang-Joon
    • Journal of the korean society of oceanography
    • /
    • v.32 no.3
    • /
    • pp.128-137
    • /
    • 1997
  • This study presents results from a detailed sedimentological investigation of surface sediments obtained from the Korea Strait region, the southern part of the East Sea (Sea of Japan). The distribution of different types of bottom sediments is controlled by the recent fine-grained sediment transport and deposition combined with the lowerings of sea level during the last glacial period, forming a diverse mixture of organic-rich fine-grained and shelly coarse-grained sediments. In comparison to high organic concentration of fine-grained sediments in the inner continental shelf and slope areas, the shell-rich coarse-grained sediments on the outer shelf are discernible being further modified. These coarse-grained sediments are confirmed as relict resulting from the sediment dynamics during the lower sea levels of the last glacial period. Clay mineral distribution of the fine-grained sediments gives information about the transport mechanism. Presence of present-day current system (the Tsushima Warm Current) is most probable source for the fine-grained particles into the open East Sea from the East China Sea, indicating that Holocene sediment dynamics may be used to explain the observed distribution of surface coarse-grained shell-rich sediments.

  • PDF

Occurrence and Morphological Characteristics of the Peperite in Mt. Juwang, Cheongsong (청송 주왕산 페퍼라이트의 산출상태 및 형태학적 특징)

  • Woo, Hyeon Dong;Jang, Yun Deuk
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
    • /
    • v.47 no.2
    • /
    • pp.97-105
    • /
    • 2014
  • Peperite exposed along the Dajeonsa basalt in Mt.Juwang, Cheongsong emerged as a consequence of the simultaneity of volcano-sedimentary sequences. This study aims to classify peperites as morphological characteristics and infer the formation process by the field investigation, image analysis, X-Ray Diffractometer and polarization microscope for the magma-sediment interaction mechanism and paleoenvironment. As a result of the field investigation globular(fluidal) peperite is the representative feature at the bottom of Dajeonsa basalt, sub-angular peperite at the middle and irregular peperite at the top. Peperite domains range from sheet and pod or feeder conduit. Although the study that the morphologies of peperite are controled by the sorts of sediment and lava or magma has tended to center around the peperite, the study addresses not single mechanism but the multi-stage mechanism because Mt.juwang peperite, under the same conditions, varies in shapes and sizes and also the ratio of sediments that show the most change of the peperite affects to the formation of peperite.

Application of Granulated Coal Ash for Remediation of Coastal Sediment (연안 저질 개선을 위한 석탄회 조립물의 활용)

  • Kim, Kyunghoi;Lee, In-Cheol;Ryu, Sung-Hoon;Saito, Tadashi;Hibino, Tadashi
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-7
    • /
    • 2014
  • This paper aims to explain the safety assessment and remediation mechanism of Granulated Coal Ash (GCA) as a material for the remediation of coastal sediments and to evaluate the improvement of the sediment in Kaita Bay, where GCA was applied. The concentrations of heavy metal contained in GCA and the dissolved amounts of heavy metal from GCA satisfied the criteria for soil and water pollution in Japan. The mechanisms on the remediation of coastal sediments using GCA is summarized as follows; (1) removal of phosphate and hydrogen sulfide (2) neutralization of acidic sediment (3) oxidation of reductive sediment (4) increase of water permeability (5) increase of soil strength (6) material for a base of seagrass. From the results obtained from the field experiment carried out in Kaita Bay, it was clarified that GCA is a promizing material for remediation of coastal sediment. This remediation technology can contribute to promote waste reduction in society and to decrease cost of coastal sediment remediation by applying GCA in other polluted coastal areas.

Long-term Prediction of Dam Sedimentation Using Sluicing Efficiency Curve and Dam Operation Technique (배사비 효율곡선 및 댐 운영기법을 이용한 퇴사량 장기 예측)

  • Lee, Gwang-Man
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
    • /
    • v.31 no.1
    • /
    • pp.95-103
    • /
    • 1998
  • Dam sediment can be predicted from the two methods: the one is a physical analysis based on the hydrjulic mechanism and the other is an empirical approach using observed data as a design factor. The former can be used to estimate short-term phenomena by mathematical methods. the latter can be used for deriving long-term design parameters such as dead storage calculation. Monthly reservoir operation is possible with the sluicing efficiency curve based on empirical data. The optimal sediment management can be carried out using the information variable which traces deposit sediments corresponding to the reservoir storage. The idea can provide an optimal operation strategy to save effective storage varying with time. This study presents a methodology for the long-term sediment prediction using sluicing efficiency curve. An application is conducted for estimating accumulated sedment deposit and water supply capability ofr the Fenhe dam in the Yellow rever of China.

  • PDF

Electricity Production by Metallic and Carbon Anodes Immersed in an Estuarine Sediment (퇴적토에 담지된 금속 및 탄소전극에 의한 전기 생산 특성)

  • Song, Hyung-Jin;Rhee, In-Hyoung;Kwon, Sung-Hyun;Cho, Dae-Chul
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.10 no.12
    • /
    • pp.3731-3739
    • /
    • 2009
  • One-chambered sediment cells with a variety of anodic electrodes were tested for generation of electricity. Material used for anodes was iron, brass, zinc/iron, copper and graphite felt which was used for a common cathode. The estuarine sediment served as supplier of oxidants or electron-producing microbial habitat which evoked electrons via fast metal corrosion reactions or a complicated microbial electron transfer mechanism, respectively. Maximum power density and current density were found to be $6.90\;W/m^2$ (iron/zinc) and $7.76\;A/m^2$ (iron), respectively. Interestingly, copper wrapped with carbon cloth produced better electric performance than copper only, by 60%, possibly because the cloth not only prevented rapid corrosion on the copper surface by some degrees, but also helped growing some electron-emitting microbes on its surface. At anodes oxidation reduction potential(ORP) was kept to be stationary over time except at the very initial period. The pH reduction in the copper and copper/carbon electrodes could be a sign of organic acid production due to a chemical change in the sediment. The simple estimation of interfacial, electrical resistances of electrodes and electrolyte in the sediment cell that a key to the electricity generation should be in how to control corrosion rate or microbial electron transfer activity.

Surface current measurements using lagrangian Drifters in Anmok (소형 표류부이를 이용한 안목해안 표층 연안류 관측)

  • Lim, Hak Soo;Kim, Mujong;Shim, Jae-Seol
    • Journal of Coastal Disaster Prevention
    • /
    • v.4 no.spc
    • /
    • pp.245-253
    • /
    • 2017
  • In this study, surface currents measured by small lagrangian GPS drifters (Aquadrifter) in Anmok coastal waters were analysed to account for the variability of nearshore surface current and wave-induced current to understand sediment transport mechanism near the crescentic bars in the surf-zone and near Kangneung breakwater and submerged breakwater in Anmok. The 8 times lagrangian drifter experiments were conducted mostly during in 2nd, 3rd, 4th intensive measurements in winter, summer, and spring seasons with long-term wave observation at the station W1. The analysed surface currents near the breakwaters in Anmok show that wave-induced currents at the middle of the submerged breakwater were separated and flowed toward the shoreline but offshore currents were dominant through the channels between the breakwaters. The longshore currents near the shoreline were flowed to the northwest (southeast) depending on the incoming waves from ENE (NNE). The surface nearshore offshore currents were generated mostly by waves and winds in case of high and low wave energy environments. Using the small-size lagrangian surface drifter experiments, we successfully measured longshore and offshore wave-induced currents in the surf-zone and near submerged breakwater close to Kangneung breakwater. The drifter experiment results show the availability of direct observation of nearshore surface currents to understand the mechanism of sediment transport analysing observed wave-induced current and ebb-current in the surf-zone generated by incoming waves and local winds.

Acid Dairy Drink Induced by Pectin -on Stabilization Mechanism and Effective Use of Pectin- on Stabilization Mechanism and Effective Use of Pectin-

  • Kim, iaki-Abe
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
    • /
    • 2002.05a
    • /
    • pp.82-89
    • /
    • 2002
  • Acid dairy drinks(ADD) are a worldwide product existing in many variations: fruit milk drinks, yogurt drinks, soy milk, butter milk, whey drinks and kefir etc. These drinks are marketed with different shelf lives depending on processing: -Short shelf life(maximum 3 weeks, cold storage) - Long shelf life(2 to 9 months, pasteurized, sterilized or retorted) Acidic protein drinks tend to a separation or destabilization process in the absence of stabilizing system during the shelf life of the ADD. A phase separation results in sedimentation of large particles at the bottom of the package and/or the formation of a serum layer at the top(whey off). These beverages are usually composed of an acid dairy phase (fermented base)or a natural base(milk, soymilk etc.)with an acidic medium (fruit phase: pulp, fruit concentrate etc.) which can be flavored. Sugar and stabilizers are added. It has been proved since the late 1950's that adding high methoxy pectin (HM pectin)to acid milk drinks is the best way to prevent the formation of a sediment and/or the whey off. In this presentation, we explain about stabilization mechanism of ADD induced by pectin. Applications and market trend of ADD in Asia and Europe are explained.

  • PDF