• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.256-267
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• 2009

A method of estimating pollutant delivery ratios considering watershed physical and meteorological characteristics and flow conditions using SWAT-K watershed model was described, and pollutant delivery characteristics during dry and rainy seasons, for monthly and seasonally, and with flow regimes were investigated for the Chungju dam watershed. Delivery ratios for sediment, T-N, and T-P showed higher values over 100% during dry and winter seasons with low pollutant loads and flows, and showed relatively uniform ones under 100% during rainy and summer seasons with concentrated loads and flows. It was found that mainly wet flows during summer seasons played very important roles in investigating the delivery characteristics of total or nonpoint pollutant loads, because more than 90% of total loads were influenced by nonpoint source, and discharged with the flows. From the results, we could find out the delivery characteristics with various watershed and flow conditions which are difficult to consider by actual measurement, and could get a foothold of estimating more reasonable and scientific allocated loads for water quality standard using the reliable method of estimating delivery ratios with a watershed model.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.52-64
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• 2020

The universal soil loss equation (USLE), a model for estimating the potential soil loss, has been used not only in research areas but also in establishing national policies in South Korea. Despite its wide applicability, USLE cannot adequately address the effect of seasonal variances. To overcome this limit, the ArcGIS-based Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion (ArcSATEEC) has been developed as an alternative model. Although the field-scale (< 100 ㎡) application of this model produced reliable estimation results, it is still challenging to validate accuracy of the model estimation because it only estimates potential soil losses, not the actual sediment yield. Therefore, in this study, a method for estimating actual soil loss based on the ArcSATEEC model was suggested. The model was applied to eight watersheds in South Korea to estimate sediment yields. Correction factor was introduced for each watershed, and the estimated sediment yield was compared with that of the estimated yield by LOAD ESTimator (LOADEST). Sediment yield estimation for all watersheds exhibited reliable results, and the validity of the proposed correction factor was confirmed, suggesting the correction factor needs to be considered in estimating actual soil loss.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.952-957
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• 2005

A sensitivity analysis study was performed to examine the effects of cell size on a distributed non-point source pollution model. The model, AnnAGNPS, whiff is a modified version of USDA's AGNPS, was applied to Eung stream watershed, a tributary of Cheongmi stream located in the South Branch of Han River System. The model components and results, such as channel length, slope, land use, and delivery ratio, were analyzed according to the various cell sizes from 10 to 200 ha. As cell sire increases, channel length decreases due to short-circuiting of meandering creek. The decreased channel length has more significant effects on the model results than any other geomorphological change. When the effects of land use and soil distribution are excluded, sediment delivery loads increase due to shorter time to reach the outlet of the watershed in larger tell size. When those effects are included, however, sediment delivery loads decrease in larger fell size because the variety of land use types can not be inputted. The predominant land use in the applied watershed is forest with very low soil erosion such that the predicted sediment delivery might be much lower than real system. The cell size of 30 ha was determined to produce the most appropriate resolution. Surface runoff and non-point source loads of TN, TP and BOD were predicted and the results agree well with the field measurements. From this study, it was shown that the model results would be very dependent on variations of topography, land use, and soil distribution, as a function of cell size, and the optimum cell size is very important for successful application of distributed non-point source pollution model.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.94-106
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• 2011

The muddy water occurrence possibility of reservoir were analyzed by considering GIS based soil erosion model, sediment delivery ratio and effective reservoir capacity. For the purpose, the weakness factors for the establishment of countermeasures of basin were analyzed by evaluating input factors of RUSLE model based on spatial data such as DEM, soil map, landcover map and so on. The potential of soil erosion was estimated considering highland upland. The sediment yields of Chungju-Dam and Soyanggang-Dam showed the highest result in sediment yield using sediment delivery ratio with considering basin area. The sediment concentration of Imha-Dam and Chungju-Dam showed the highest value as 0.791 $kg/m^3/yr$ and 0.526 $kg/m^3/yr$ respectively in sediment concentration with considering effective reservoir capacity. Especially, sediment yield of Imha-Dam was about 2.36 times lower than Soyanggang-Dam, but the sediment concentration was 1.90 times higher preferably, because the effective reservoir capacity of Imha-Dam was about 4.48 times lower. This study calculated sediment concentration using the 10 years mean rainfall event and could consider the aspects of soil, terrain, landcover, cultivation condition and effective reservoir capacity of each basin effectively through the results. Therefore, these quantitative sediment concentration data could be used to estimate the potential of high density turbid water for reservoir and applied with effective tools for the management of reservoir.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.80-80
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• 2022

본 연구는 한강유역 (35,770 km²)을 대상으로 RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)과 WATEM/SEDEM (The Water and Tillage Erosion Model and Sediment Delivery Model)의 유사이동식을 활용하여 인간활동과 기후변화로 인한 유사량을 평가하였다. 대상유역에 영향을 주는 16곳의 기상관측소에서 제공하는 분 단위 누적강수량 (2000-2019), 농촌진흥청 토양도, 국토지리정보원 DEM (Digital Elevation Model), 환경공간정보서비스 (EGIS) 2020년 세분류 토지이용도를 활용하여 RUSLE과 WATEM/SEDEM 유사이동식에 필요한 강우침식인자(R), 토양침식인자 (K), 지형인자 (L·S), 식생피복인자 (C), 그리고 보전관리인자 (P)를 구축하였으며, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)으로 모의한 표준유역 단위 연도별(2000-2019) 유사량 결과를 기준으로 WATEM/SEDEM 유사량 계수 (KTC)를 검·보정하였다. 토양침식 산정 입력자료 중 강우량으로 산정하는 강우침식인자는 기후변화를 보여주는 인자, 토지피복에 따라 다른 식생피복인자와 보전관리인자는 인간활동을 나타내는 인자로 설정하였다. 강우침식인자는 2010년대 평균값을 활용하여 현재의 유사량을 평가하였으며, 분 단위 자료가 없는 과거의 경우 직접적인 계산에 어려움이 있어, 연평균 강수량과의 관계로 추정한 1980년대 평균값을 활용하여 기후변화로 인한 영향을 평가하였다. 식생피복인자와 보전관리인자는 1980년대 토지이용도를 활용하여 산정한 결과로 인간활동에 의한 유사량 평가에 사용되었다. 대상유역의 유사량은 RUSLE 모형의 토양침식량과 WATEM/SEDEM 유사이동량을 mass balance로 분석하며, 다른 인자들은 고정한 상태로 과거 강우침식인자, 식생피복인자와 보전관리인자를 적용하여 인간활동과 기후변화로 인한 유사량 변화를 분석하고자 한다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.13 no.1 s.32
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• pp.79-90
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to estimate quantitatively soil loss and sediment yield in alpine farmland. For this purpose, Naerinchon watershed in Gangwon province was selected as our study area and total annual soil loss and sediment yield was estimated respectively by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and the Sediment Delivery Distributed (SEDD) model. The results of this study clearly show that dry field areas have significant impact on the total soil erosion and sediment yield compared with other land use. Dry field areas represent only $2.6\%$ of the total area of the watershed but soil loss and sediment yield account for $10.9\%$ and $33.12\%$ of the total amount respectively Especially as with alpine farmland, this result is more clearly shown. These areas account for $1.8\%$ of the entire watershed but contribute to $7.7\%$ and $15\%$ of the total soil loss and sediment yield respectively. From the above results, we can know that alpine farmland is important source of soil loss and sediment yield and it is need to prevent and control. soil erosion from alpine filmland urgently.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2013

Human-induced modifications in coastal area may cause strong geomorphic responses by disturbing sediment supply, transport and deposition regimes. Morever, engineering structure have been built to stabilize coastal change, these effort impact on other morphologic change. In case of coastal area, there are lack of sediment yield data. This study focus on the tendency of long-term shoreline change, estimate method od sediment discharge which is a major factor of coastal change and adduced to way for considering design load influenced to coastal road.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.518-526
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• 2007

There have been serious soil erosion and water pollution problems caused by highland agriculture practices at Doam-dam watershed. Especially agricultural activities, chemical and organic fertilizer and pesticide applications, soil reconditioning to maintain soil fertility are known as primary causes of soil erosion and water qaulity degradation in the receiving water bodies. Among these, soil reconditioning can accelerate soil erosion rates. To develop soil erosion prevention practices, it is necessary to estimate the soil erosion from the watershed. Thus, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model has been developed and utilized to assess soil erosion. However, the USLE model cannot be used at watershed scale because it does not consider sediment delivery ratio (SDR) for watershed application. For this reason, the Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SA TEEC) was developed to assess the sediment yield at any point in the watershed. The USLE-based SA TEEC system can estimate the SDR using area-based SDR and slope-based SDR module. In this study, the SATEEC system was used to estimate soil erosion and sediment yield at the Doam-dam watershed using the soil properties from reconditioned agricultural fields. Based on the soil sampling and analysis, the US LE K factor was calculated and used in the SA TEEC system to analyze the possible errors of previous USLE application studies using soil properties from the digital soil map, and compared with that using soil properties obtained in this study. The estimated soil erosion at the Doam-dam watershed without using soil properties obtained in the soil sampling and analysis is 1,791,400 ton/year (123 ton/ha/year), while the soil erosion amount is 2,429,900 ton/year (166.8 ton/ha/year) with the use of soil properties from the soil sampling and analysis. There is 35 % increase in estimated soil erosion and sediment yield with the use of soil properties from soil reconditioned agricultural fields. Since significant amount of soil erosion are known to be occurring from the agricultural fields, the soil erosion and sediment yield from only agricultural fields was assessed. The soil erosion rate is 45.9 ton/ha/year without considering soil properties from soil reconditioned agricultural fields, while 105.3 ton/ha/year after considering soil properties obtained in this study, increased in 129%. This study shows that it is very important to use correct soil properties to assess soil erosion and sediment yield simulation. It is recommended that further studies are needed to develop environment friendly soil reconditioning method should be developed and implemented to decrease the speed of soil erosion rates and water quality degradation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1920-1924
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 SWAT 모형의 임하댐 유역에 대한 적용을 통하여 토사 유출 모의와 관련된 주요 매개변수들을 보정하고, 보정된 매개변수를 적용하여 유역에 대한 토사 유출을 분석하였다. 모형 구성 자료로는 임하댐 유역 청송, 영양, 부남, 석보, 일월의 1997년부터 2006년까지의 10년간의 강우자료를 사용하였으며 DEM도와 토지이용도, 토양도를 이용하여 유역 모델을 구축하였다. 유출 보정 자료로는 임하댐 일 유입량과 낙동강 오염총량제 지점인 반변과 용전 지점의 일유출량을 이용하였다. 특히, 임하댐에 유입되는 토사량에 대한 토사 유출 성향을 분석하여 유역의 토사 전달율(Soil Delivery Ratio)과 토사 발생지도(Sediment yield map)를 제작하여 각 소유역에 대한 토사 유출 관리를 위한 기초 자료로서 사용하게 될 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.862-865
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• 2012

유사량은 하천의 단면을 단위시간 동안 통과하는 토사의 양을 의미하며, 하천 구조물의 설계 및 유지관리를 위한 기본자료로 활용된다. 유사량은 하천 유역의 지형적인 특성과 기상요소에 영향을 받으며, 이를 규명하기 위한 많은 연구들이 수행되어 왔다. GIS기반의 유사량 예측모델로서 국내에서는 개정범용토양유실공식과 유사운송비(Sediment Delivery Ratio)를 이용하여 유역단위 유사량을 예측하는 연구가 이루어져왔다. Gavrilovi$\acute{c}$ 모델은 유역의 총 연유사량을 예측하고 토양침식의 정도를 정량화할 수 있는 경험적 모형으로 지질 및 토양, 지형조건, 기후인자(연평균 강우량, 연평균 온도), 토지이용의 6가지 입력변수로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구는 Gavrilovi$\acute{c}$ 모델의 국내 적용성을 검토하기 위한 것으로서, 왕숙천 유역을 대상으로 Gavrilovi$\acute{c}$ 모델을 적용하여 유사량을 산정해본 결과, 실측값을 약 20% 내외로 비교적 근사하게 추정할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.