• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1319-1324
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• 2007

A tank model in conjunction with Kalman filter is developed for prediction of sediment yield from an upland watershed in Northwestern Mississippi. The state vector of the system model represents the parameters of the tank model. The initial values of the state vector were estimated by trial and error. The sediment yield of each tank is computed by multiplying the total sediment yield by the sediment yield coefficient. The sediment concentration of the first tank is computed from its storage and the sediment concentration distribution(SCD); the sediment concentration of the next lower tank is obtained by its storage and the sediment infiltration of the upper tank; and so on. The sediment yield computed by the tank model using Kalman filter was in good agreement with the observed sediment yield and was more accurate than the sediment yield computed by the tank model.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

In this study a sediment yield is compared by IUSG, IUSG with Kalman filter, tank model and tank model with Kalman filter separately. The IUSG is the distribution of sediment from an instantaneous burst of rainfall producing one unit of runoff. The IUSG, defined as a product of the sediment concentration distribution (SCD) and the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH), is known to depend on the characteristics of the effective rainfall. In the IUSG with Kalman filter, the state vector of the watershed sediment yield system is constituted by the IUSG. The initial values of the state vector are assumed as the average of the IUSG values and the initial sediment yield estimated from the average IUSG. A tank model consisting of three tanks was developed for prediction of sediment yield. The sediment yield of each tank was computed by multiplying the total sediment yield by the sediment yield coefficients; the yield was obtained by the product of the runoff of each tank and the sediment concentration in the tank. A tank model with Kalman filter is developed for prediction of sediment yield. The state vector of the system model represents the parameters of the tank model. The initial values of the state vector were estimated by trial and error.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1998

An instantaneous unit sediment graph (IUSG) model is investigated for prediction of sediment yield from an upland watershed in Northwestern Mississippi. Sediment yields are predicted by convolving source runoff with an IUSG. The IUSG is the distribution of sediment from an instantaneous burst of rainfall producing one unit of runoff. The IUSG, defined as a product of the sediment concentration distribution (SCD) and the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH), is known to depend on the characteristics of the effective rainfall. The IUH is derived by the Nash model for each event. The SCD is assumed to be an exponential function for each event and its parameters were correlated with the effective rainfall characteristics. A sediment routing function, based on travel time and sediment particle size, is used to predict the SCD.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1993

An instantaneous unit sediment graph (IUSG) model is investigated for prediction of sediment yield from an upland watershed In Northwestern Mississippi. Sediment yields are predicted by convolving source runoff with an IUSG. The IUSG is the distribution of sediment from an instantaneous burst of rainfall producing one unit of runoff. The IUSG, defined as a product of the sediment concentration distribution (SCD) and the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH), is known to depend on the characteristics of the effective rainfall. The IUH is derived by the Nash model for each event. The SCD is assumed to be an exponential function for each event and its parameters were correlated with the effective rainfall characteristics. A sediment routing function, based on travel time and sediment particle size, is used to predict the SCD.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2000

A method is presented which enables easily the computation of the suspended sediment discharge as the mean sediment concentration and mean flow velocity. This method has significant advantages over the traditional method, which principally depend on a set of measured concentration data. The method is based on both a new sediment concentration and mean sediment concentration equations which have been derived from the entropy concept used in statistical mechanics and information theory: (1) The sediment concentration distribution equations derived, are capable of describing the variation of the concentration in the vertical direction. (2) The mean concentration equation derived, is capable of calculating easily the mean concentration by using only one measured concentration in open channel. The present study mainly addresses the following two subjects : (1) new sediment concentration and mean sediment concentration equations are derived from the entropy concept : (2) An efficient and useful method of suspended sediment-discharge measurements is developed which can facilitate the estimation of suspended sediment-discharge in open channel. Flume and laboratory data are used to carry out the research task outlined above. An efficient method for determining the suspended sediment-discharge in the open channel has been developed. The method presented also is efficient and applicable in estimating the sediment transport in rivers and the sediment deposit in the reservoirs, and can drastically reduce the time and cost of sediment measurements.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2020

현재 자연 하천의 유사농도의 측정에 있어서 실제 측정은 기상 조건에 영향을 받으며, 기계적 한계로 인해 하천바닥에 인접한 소류사 구간의 유사농도 측정값은 부유사 구간의 유사농도 측정값 보다 신뢰도가 낮다. 그리하여, 하천의 바닥농도는 이론식을 통해 산정되어왔으나, 기존 유사농도 계산 공식들의 바닥농도 산정값은 실측값에 비해 신뢰도가 낮고 서로 다른 공식 간의 차이는 여러 조건에 따라 천차만별이다. 따라서 하천의 바닥농도를 산정하기 위해 보다 신뢰성이 높은 공식이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 하천의 유사농도에 정보엔트로피이론을 적용하여 유사농도분포와 평균유사농도의 결정방법을 제시하고 평균유사농도와 바닥농도의 관계를 통해 바닥농도를 산정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 유사농도 분포의 확률은 제약조건하에 계산된 최대 엔트로피에 의해 일정한 확률분포를 나타내게 되고, 이러한 관계에 근거하여 유사농도분포, 평균유사농도 그리고 바닥유사농도 간의 관계를 유도하고 측정 표본을 통해 바닥 유사농도를 산정할 수 있다. 본 연구의 이론 검증을 위해 과거 실험의 유사농도 측정값을 사용하여 유도된 유사농도분포와 평균유사농도 공식을 적용하였으며, 유도된 두 공식의 관계를 이용하여 대표 농도변수(EN : Equilibrium N )를 도출하였다. 대표 농도변수를 통해 산정한 점 농도는 실측값과 결정계수가 평균적으로 R2=0.924의 높은 신뢰도를 보였다. 이를 통하여, 실제 하천의 부유사 구간과 소류사 구간의 유사농도의 전체 경향을 보다 쉽게 파악하고 평균유사농도와 바닥농도의 관계를 이용하여, 신뢰도가 확보된 바닥농도를 손쉽게 산정할 수 있다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.129-142
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• 1996

본 연구는 일점 측정을 토대로 연직 유사 농도 계산시 예상되는 입력 자료의 부정확함 때문에 발생하는 오류의 크기를 연구하였다. 오류 가능성이 있는 원인인 채취기의 위치, 수면 및 하상고도, 침강 속도, $\beta$ 와$\kappa$ 값은 미국 리오그란데 강으로부터 얻는 자료를 사용하여 비교, 검증되었다. 그 결과 일점 부유사 채취를 토대로 간편한 유사 농도식과 속도 분포식을 사용하여 평균 유사 농도를 산정할 수 있었다. 이 계산 중에서 가장 불확실한 점은 부유사의 연직 유사 분포식에서 Rouse수인 z였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2004

In situ particle size and volume concentration of suspended sediment was measured at the mouth of Seomjin River Estuary In February 2001, using an optical instrument, 'LISST-100'. Time variation of in situ particle size and concentration shows: (1) during ebb tide, Seomjin River supplies relatively fine-grained particles with less-fluctuated, compared to during flood tide, and well-behaved concentrations following the tidal cycle; and (2) during flood tide, relatively coarse-grained particles with highly variable in size distribution and concentration flow upstream from Kwangyang Bay. This explains a poor correlation $(r^{2}=0.10)$ between sediment concentration and beam attenuation coefficient during flood and a high degree of correlation $(r^{2}=0.80)$ during ebb tide. Relatively fine grained and well defined, monotonous size distribution may promote the correlation between concentration and beam attenuation coefficient due to optical homogeneity of particles during ebb tide. Abundance of large aggregates with time-varying size and shape distributions may be mainly responsible for variations in optical properties of the sediment during flood tide, and thus may confound the relationship between the two variables. The difference in particle sizes and shapes between flood and ebb tides can also be observed on SEM images.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 1994

This study was Performed to evaluate the contents of heavy metals in water, sediment and soil of the 7 different sampling points along the West Nakdong river, The results were as follows: the concentrations of Zn, p, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu and As in the sediment were 197.48, 551.85, 67.01, 2.54, 491.39, 42.95 and 10.52ppm, respectively. The concentrations of Zn, p, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cu and As in the soil was 83.32, 482.89, 17.15, 1.02, 226.02, 26.15 and 7.29ppm, respectively. The concentration ratios of heavy metals In the water to the sediment were 593 - 12700 (Cd >> Cu > Zn > Mn > As > Pb) and that of the water to the soil were 152 - 5100 (Cu > Cd > Zn > Mn > As >Pb). The correlation coefficients of Cu and Pb weve high among the water, sediment and soil. Because the accumulation amounts of heavy metal in the sediment were high, the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment was higher than in soil. The correlation coefficient of heavy metals among water, sediment and soil was high (0.79 - 0.95). Key Words Distribution Characteristics, heavy metals, West Nakdong River.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2023

The vertical distribution of suspended sediments in the mangrove-mud coast is complicated due to the characterization of cohesive sediment properties, and the influence of hydrodynamic factors. In this study, the time-evolution of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in water depth is simulated by a one-dimensional model. The model applies in-situ data measured in October 2014 at the outer station in Cu Lao Dung coastal areas, Soc Trang, Vietnam. In the model, parameters which have influence on vertical distribution of SSC include the settling velocity Ws and the diffusion coefficient Kz. The settling velocity depends on the cohesive sediment properties, and the diffusion coefficient depends on the wave-current dynamics. The settling velocity is determined by the settling column experiment in the laboratory, which is a constant of 1.8 × 10^-4 ms^-1. Two hydrodynamic conditions are simulated including a strong current condition and a strong wave condition. Both simulations show that the SSC near the bottom is much higher than ones at the surface due to higher turbulence at the bottom. At the bottom layer, the SSC is strongly influenced by the current.