• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2022

The current study investigates how student-teacher interaction can be developed through task-based teaching in undergraduate students' Saudi teaching and learning context. An experiment was conducted for five weeks on 85 male undergraduate students at a Saudi public university based in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study investigated different types of student-teacher interaction through task-based teaching (speaking activities). The results revealed that the experimental group (43 students) evinced much more enthusiasm, willingness, engagement and readiness in their inclass participation than their peers in the control group (42 students). The student-teacher interaction also helped students to be more responsive to general and specific topics in speaking activities. The study recommends that decision-makers in education make student-teacher interaction part of the student's monthly assessment. It also recommends that more efforts be made to foster the awareness of students, teachers, and parents awareness of the academic and non-academic importance of interaction. One final recommendation of the research is that student-teacher interaction should be more emphasized and integrated into the school curriculum and adopted as a critical teaching strategy.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2019년도 제59차 동계학술대회논문집 27권1호
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• pp.359-360
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 2018년에 성횡한 악성코드에 대한 피해 사례를 살펴본 후 이를 적극적으로 대응하기 위한 방안을 살펴본다. 특히 가상통화 거래소에 대한 해킹 사고 및 가상화폐에 대한 지속적인 해킹 시도가 탐지되면서 관련 소식들이 언론에 지속적으로 보도되었다. 또한 이와 관련하여 PC 및 서버 자원을 몰래 훔쳐 가상통화 채굴에 사용하는 크립토재킹 공격기법도 함께 주목받았다. 랜섬웨어 부문은 갠드크랩 관련 보도가 대부분을 차지할 정도로 국내에서 지속적으로 이슈가 되었다. 또한 미국 법무부에서 최초로 북한 해커조직의 일원을 재판에 넘기면서 해커 그룹에 대한 관심이 집중되기도 했다. 2018년 전반적으로 이러한 가상통화 거래소 해킹, 크립토재킹, 랜섬웨어, 해커 그룹의 4가지 키워드를 도출하였으며, 이 중 해커 그룹은 북한과 중국의 경우를 나누어 총 5가지 주제를 통해 악성코드에 대한 주요 이슈들을 살펴본다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 악성코드의 공격을 근본적으로 해결할 수 있는 방안으로 클라이언트 측에 USB형태의 BBS(Big Bad Stick) 하드웨어를 통하여 제안하는 환경을 제안하고 안전한 서비스가 제공됨을 증명하여 본 연구가 새로운 보안성을 갖춘 시스템임을 보인다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2019

With the application of digital technology to safety-critical infrastructures, cyber-attacks have emerged as one of the new dangerous threats. In safety-critical infrastructures such as a nuclear power plant (NPP), a cyber-attack could have serious consequences by initiating dangerous events or rendering important safety systems unavailable. Since a cyber-attack is conducted intentionally, numerous possible cases should be considered for developing a cyber security system, such as the attack paths, methods, and potential target systems. Therefore, prior to developing a risk-informed cyber security strategy, the importance of cyber-attacks and significant critical digital assets (CDAs) should be analyzed. In this work, an importance analysis method for cyber-attacks on an NPP was proposed using the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) method. To develop an importance analysis framework for cyber-attacks, possible cyber-attacks were identified with failure modes, and a PSA model for cyber-attacks was developed. For case studies, the quantitative evaluations of cyber-attack scenarios were performed using the proposed method. By using quantitative importance of cyber-attacks and identifying significant CDAs that must be defended against cyber-attacks, it is possible to develop an efficient and reliable defense strategy against cyber-attacks on NPPs.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.679-689
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• 2012

2009년 7.7 DDoS 공격은 기존 DDoS공격과는 달리 감염 PC별로 적은 용량의 패킷 전송으로 웹페이지를 마비시켰으며, 또한 HTTP Flooding이라는 공격기법을 활용하여 공격을 성공한 사례였다. DDoS 공격은 시스템을 손상시키는 것이 아니라 일시적으로 서비스의 가용성을 해치는 것이므로, 효과적인 방어를 위해서는 공격자의 공격보다 높은 가용성을 확보하거나, 정확한 방어전략을 실행하여 서비스 시스템의 가용성을 확보하는 방법 등이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 가용량 증설을 통한 방어기법과 달리, DDoS 공격의 특성에 기반하여 공격을 차단하여 서비스 시스템의 가용성을 확보하는 다단계 방어기법을 활용한 웹사이트 전용 DDoS 방어시스템 구축 방안을 제안한다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권30호
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• pp.31-62
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• 2012

It is a commons sense that the Republic of Korea is a maritime state that depends its survival on International Trade and International Economy. Korea was a peninsula and do it can be both maritime and continental state by its choice. However, after the national division in 1945, South Korea had became a virtual island and pursue a maritime way for national development in the past 60 plus years. Now, South Korea is becoming a world's 12 th largest major trading and maritime state. South Korea has far more ships per capita than any other nations in the world and its economy is heavily depend upon the imports and exports with other nations in the world that pass through the oceans. Therefore, the Koreans regard the security of the sea lanes of communication as vital to the survival of the nation. The SLOC is the life line for Republic of Korea. Since the early 1990s, immediately after the Cold War was over, South Koreans began to recognize the importance of Sea Routes and thus began to build a navy that can handle with the new problems of the post Cold War era. However, the maritime security environments of the Republic of Korea today is shaky and dangerous. Almost every water near the Korean peninsula, some kind of international confrontations are going on. Territorial disputes on Dok do, Senkaku, Scarbrough, Shisha, Nansha and Eodo between and among Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan, Phillipines, Indonesia and Vietnam are the examples. In this essay, the author argues that the S. Korean efforts and capabilities to deal with these challenges are not enough and exhorts more efforts and more powerful navy for the Korean people.

• Strategy21
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• 통권30호
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• pp.200-235
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• 2012

Over the past few years, due to the climate change of the earth, the Arctic's sea ice cover is undergoing a historic transformation - thinning, extent reduction in all seasons, and mitigation in the area of multi-year ice in the central Arctic Ocean. These changes allow for increases in maritime access throughout the Arctic Ocean and for potential longer seasons of navigation and possibly transarctic voyage in the summer. These changes also allow more exploration for oil, gas, and other minerals. The Arctic is now an archetype of the complex, multi-dimensional global problems of the twenty-first century. Military security, environmental security, and economic security interact. The potentially enormous economic stakes, sufficient to change the strategic balance among the states of the region, set off competitive pressures for national advantage. Korea, which is heavily dependent upon the sea lane in terms of transportation of its exports and imports, is very much interested in the Arctic sea routes. Korea believes that the Artic sea route, particularly the Northern Sea Route (NSR), could serve as a new useful sea lane, which will enable shorter times between East Asia and Europe, thus resulting in substantial cost saving for ship operators. In addition to shipping, Korea is interested in other Arctic-related maritime industries. Korea, as a leading shipbuilder in the global market, is interested in building ice breakers, drill ships, and other vessels which can contribute to safe operation in Arctic resource development and exploration. Korea, as one of the future stakeholders in Arctic maritime activities, should be ready to foster international cooperation in the region.

• Strategy21
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• 통권40호
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• pp.144-161
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• 2016

A unanimous Award has been issued on 12 July 2016 by the Arbitral Tribunal constituted under Annex VII to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in the arbitration instituted by the Republic of the Philippines against the People's Republic of China. The current security issues in the regional sea shall be carefully reflected to anticipate whether the Award could resolve the existing political conflict or rather will grow military tension in the region. The Award clearly directs the scope of delimiting maritime jurisdiction to coastal States in the Southern China sea, so it seems to help facilitating finding resolutions of regional disputes on maritime boundaries. On the other hand, there are several limitations in reality to implementation of the decisions included in the Award. USA could use the decisions to restrict military activities and exercise of unilateral maritime jurisdiction by China in the region, while China shall encounter guilt to illegitimacy of its activities as well as shaking the legal foundation of its policy in the region. Then the resolution of this dispute through application of international law would rather cause more political confusion. The intension of bringing the case to an international court were to resolve political difficulties. If, however, the political difficulties are not properly reflected in the legal decisions, such decision would possibly raise more political risks.

• Strategy21
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• 통권40호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2016

On 12 July 2016, China's maritime claim to most of the South China Sea (SCS) based on the so-called nine-dash line was rejected by the Arbitral Tribunal, constituted under Annex VII to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) concerning issues in the South China Sea including the legality of the so-called "nine-dashed line", the status of certain maritime features and their corresponding maritime entitlements, together with the lawfulness of certain actions by China which the Philppines, in a case brought in 2013, alleged were violations. As having the Tribunal determined that China's claim had no legal grounds in UNCLOS, thus undermining China's claims, and establishing that China has no exclusive legal rights to control the area roughly the size of India. There are some major implications from the Tribunal's ruling in the Arbitration award. These include implications on: how to delimit the maritime boundary in disputed waters, how to promote maritime confidence-building measures, how to safeguard maritime safety and security, and how to promote the rule of law in the SCS. Since its application of UNCLOS in East Asia, it has been obvious that the only way to resolve maritime disputes in the region is to build strong maritime cooperative partnerships under the auspices of the rule of law.

• Strategy21
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• 통권33호
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• pp.178-201
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• 2014

China National People's Congress has passed the bill to combine the Marine Law Enforcement into "State Oceanic Administration People's Republic of China". This bill was intended to resolve the overlapping jurisdiction and disputes caused in ocean territory in nearby countries. The purpose of reorganizing the administration was to combine the dispersed organization into one group. This new big administration was basically organized to increase the power of China marine state on the long-term. The reorganization plan is to group General Administration of Customs, China Marine Surveillance, Fisheries Law Enforcement Command, and Border Control Department into one State Oceanic Administration. The new state Oceanic Administration carries the authority to protect rights and enforce the marine law supported by Public Security Bureau. Korea Coast Guard has been cooperating with China Marine Surveillance since 1998 when the first pact was made. The next step expanded to General Administration of Customs. Currently working with Regional Maritime Law Enforcement organizations dealing mostly with illegal Chinese fishing boats and IEODO conflict. In order to solve the problems we face today is to observe the process of the New China Coast Guard administration, analysing the effects that could be caused by the change and to keep close cooperation between the new administrations.

• Strategy21
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• 통권41호
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• pp.85-107
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• 2017

The purpose of this article is to explore recent developments in piracy attacks at the global level. This article provides an overview of global trend of recent piracy attacks and presents global counter-piracy efforts at the international and governmental as well as industry level. The issue of piracy has been a grave concern of the globe, becoming the biggest threat to the safety and security navigation and seaborne trade. Overall, piracy attacks in recent years have greatly diminished owing to multi-faceted counter-piracy efforts. However, Southeast Asia and West Africa have reemerged as an hotspot of piracy. A worrisome trend in these regions is that many of piracy attacks are committed by militant groups for financing their activities. As a result, the level of violence and the sophistication of attacks have escalated. The problem of contemporary piracy is beyond a particular region or coastal state, but a common concern of the international community. In order to address the global piracy problem, international cooperation should be further strengthened at the global level as well as the regional level. As a way of counter-piracy measures in Southeast Asian waters, the creation of a joint regional coast guard to patrol the highly piracy concentration areas needs to be considered.