• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.72-73
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• 2021

자율운항선박(MASS, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) 도입을 위한 국제해사기구의 논의가 본격화됨에 따라 국제항로표지협회 제27차 이네비게이션(ENAV) 위원회 워킹그룹(WG2)에서 MASS 운영지원을 위한 시스템 개발시 사이버보안(사이버 위험관리) 측면을 우선적으로 고려하도록 하는 논의가 진행되었다. 우리나라는 2020년 자율운항선박 기술개발사업을 착수하였으며, 2021년부터 사이버보안 기술개발을 위한 세부과제를 추진 중에 있다. 디지털 해상통신시스템 환경에서의 MASS 운용은 기존 해상통신환경에서는 고려되지 않았던 다양한 디지털 장비들의 네트워크 보안이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 사이버보안 기술개발 세부과제에서 수행중인 MASS 운용 지원을 위한 네트워크 보안장비 기본 개념을 소개하고, 기초단계에서의 MASS 선박 적용을 위한 네트워크 보안장비 인터페이스를 정의한다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2022

The new commercial maritime law in the Kingdom came comprehensive and detailed for all topics related to commercial maritime navigation, thus responding to most of the problems that arise in the field, specifically regarding the ship as the focus of the rules of maritime law. This system defines the ship in law, regulates its civil status, determines how to name it, determine its domicile, and the conditions for acquiring Saudi nationality. It also contained a regulation of the rights granted to ships by ownership, as well as their lease and mortgage, the mechanism of attachment to them to settle debts and the rights in kind dependent on them and controlling the rights of third parties on ships and the procedures for forcibly selling them from precautionary seizure and executive seizure and then forced sale in public auction. Until this research was an effort to present a clear picture about the legal system of the ship in the new Saudi commercial maritime system and confirming the extent of the success of the Saudi legislator with the ship system in highlighting the legal frameworks for this facility prepared for maritime navigation.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2017년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.65-65
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• 2017

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.263-274
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• 2024

The digitization of ship environments has increased the risk of cyberattacks on ships. The smartization and automation of ships are also likely to result in cyber threats. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has discussed the establishment of regulations at the autonomous level and has revised existing agreements by dividing autonomous ships into four stages, where stages 1 and 2 are for sailors who are boarding ships while stages 3 and 4 are for those not boarding ships. In this study, the level of a smart ship was classified into LEVELs (LVs) 1 to 3 based on the autonomous levels specified by the IMO. Furthermore, a risk assessment for smart ships at various LVs in different risk scenarios was conducted The cyber threats and vulnerabilities of smart ships were analyzed by dividing them into administrative, physical, and technical security; and mitigation measures for each security area were derived. A total of 22 cyber threats were identified for the cyber asset (target system). We inferred that the higher the level of a smart ship, the greater the hyper connectivity and the remote access to operational technology systems; consequently, the greater the attack surface. Therefore, it is necessary to apply mitigation measures using technical security controls in environments with high-level smart ships.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2022

Scientific and technological progress is also fundamental to the evolving merchant shipping industry, both in terms of the size and speed of modern ships and in the level of their technical capabilities. While the freight performance of ships is growing, the number of crew on board is steadily decreasing, as more work processes are being automated through the implementation of information technologies, including ship management systems. Although there have been repeated appeals from international maritime organizations to focus on building effective maritime security defenses against cyber attacks, the problems have remained unresolved. Owners of shipping companies do not disclose information about cyberattack attempts or incidents against them due to fear of commercial losses or consequences, such as loss of image, customer and insurance claims, and investigations by independent international organizations and government agencies. Issues of cybersecurity of control systems in the world today have gained importance, due to the fact that existing threats concern not only the security of technical means and devices, but also issues of environmental safety and safety of life at sea. The article examines the implementation of cyber risk management in the shipping industry, providing recommendations for the safe ship operation and its systems in order to improve vulnerability to external threats related to cyberattacks, and to ensure the safety and security of such a technical object as a seagoing ship.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 2024년 7월 1일 협약 이행을 앞둔 국제선급협회의 공통규칙 - 선박의 사이버 복원력을 분석하여 5가지 요구조건과 17개의 세부사항, 선박 사이버 복원력에 따라 제출되거나 유지관리되어야 하는 문서들을 기준으로 선박 전주기 동안의 선박 사이버 복원력 대응을 위한 기술로 선급 인증 문서·설계서 등의 문서관리, 보안이 강화된 네트워크 구성, 사고 대응을 위한 프로세스 정립과 소프트웨어 도구를 이용한 형상관리, 네트워크 통합관리, 멀웨어 보호, 보안 관리 솔루션으로 선박 네트워크 보안 위협탐지와 실시간 대응이 가능한 기술을 제안하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.50-53
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• 2022

최근 위조 외국 선박이 국내항을 여러번 입출항한 경우가 있었다. 선박에는 국제해사기구(IMO)가 선박을 식별하기 위해 부여한 선박 고유 일련번호가 있으며 2004년 이후 건조된 모든 선박에 IMO 표시를 의무적으로 해야 한다. 대표적인 물류 플랫폼인 공항과 항만의 경우 보안체계가 필수적이지만 항만에서의 보안체계를 세우는 것은 어렵고 사각지대가 많아 보안체계의 미흡으로 인한 보안문제가 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 딥러닝 객체인식 및 OpenCV를 이용하여 항만 보안시스템을 설계한다. 보안시스템 프로세스는 선박 입항시 객체 인식 후, 선박의 IMO번호를 추출하여 입항 기록이 있는 선박의 경우 특징점 매칭을 통해 동일한 선박인지 판단하고, 최초 입항 선박의 경우 입출항 DB에 선박 이미지 및 IMO번호를 저장한다. 본 논문의 시스템을 통해 항만보안시스템을 활용하여 입항 관리 인력 단축으로 인한 효율성 증가와 미허가 입항으로 발생하는 부대 비용 절감을 통한 항만 물류 업무 효율성 및 체계 개선과 보안시스템 도입을 통해 항만 보안을 강화할 수 있다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2004

The power and scale of 950 hPa typhoon "Maemi" which struck the shore of Gosung in Kyungnam Province was same as that of 951 hPa typhoon "Saraho" in 1959. For the purpose of getting the safety of training ship "KAYA", we anchored at Jinhae Bay with riding at two anchors paid out 8 shackles of cable respectively. By the way when wind force being over 30m/s, we could not keep the safety of the ship "KAYA" by means of the holding power of an anchor only. Just by using the main engine moderately, we were able to maintain the security of the ship. The holding the main engine moderately, we were able to maintain the security of the ship. The holding power of an anchor according to the way of anchoring, the quality of sea bottom, the direction and speed of wind and current, and the length of an anchor cable were analyzed. The obtained results are summarized as follows : 1. When riding at two anchors rather than lying at single anchor we could get a good holding power. 2. There was a big difference in holding power according to the quality of the bottom. 3. It would be best anchoring in a soft mud area than in any other place as possible. 4. It would also be desirable to set anchor shackles much more than equipment number prescribed in regulation in order to get safety of a ship providing against typhoon.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2023년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.230-231
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• 2023

본 연구는 선박의 항해계획을 자동으로 수립하기 위한 심층 강화학습 기반 알고리즘을 제안한다. 먼저 부산항과 광양항을 대상지역으로 선정하고, 대상 선박으로 흘수 16m의 컨테이너선을 지정하였다. 실험 결과는 심층 강화학습을 사용하여 수립한 항해계획이 선행연구에서 활용한 Q-learning기반의 알고리즘보다 더 효율적인 것으로 분석되었다. 본 알고리즘은 선박의 항해계획을 자동으로 수립하는 방법을 제시하며, 해상 안전 및 효율성 향상에 기여할 수 있다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2021

In the article, an analysis of the factors was carried out, which injected into the efficiency of the function of navigation systems in the minds of unimportance. Carrying out analyzes allowing for the visibility of relevant direct adjustments to the effectiveness of the function Inertial navigation systems in the minds of non-value. The designation of the navigation system was assigned to a complex of navigation systems on ships processing of the vector of navigation parameters, so that they can be victorious in the control systems of the ship's collapse, and the safety of floating is safe.